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20. století se na formování divadla a jeho renomé podíleli vynikající umělci jako Tadeusz Kantor, Lidia Zamkowá, Jerzy Grotowski, Zygmunt Hübner, Konrad Swinarski, Jerzy Jarocki, Andrzej Wajda, Krystyna Zachwatowiczová, Krystian Lupa, Jerzy Grzegorzewski, Stanisław Radwan, Zygmunt Konieczny, Zofia a Jerzy Skarżyńští, Jerzy Juk-Kowarski, Wojciech Krakowski, Kazimierz Wiśniak a řada dalších.
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National Old Theatre of Helena Modrzejewska in Krakow – One of Poland’s oldest theatres, founded at the end of the 18th century. It bears the name of a famous actress, who in the 19th century gained a name on both European and American stages for her remarkable performances in Shakespearean roles. Since the second half of the 19th century the theatre’s reputation has been shaped by outstanding artists such as Tadeusz Kantor, Lidia Zamkowá, Jerzy Grotowski, Zygmunt Hübner, Konrad Swinarski, Jerzy Jarocki, Andrzej Wajda, Krystyna Zachwatowiczová, Krystian Lupa, Jerzy Grzegorzewski, Stanisław Radwan, Zygmunt Konieczny, Zofia a Jerzy Skarżyńští, Jerzy Juk-Kowarski, Wojciech Krakowski, Kazimierz Wiśniak and many others. Grzegorz Jarzyna and Krzysztof Warlikowski made their directorial debuts here. In recent years significant directors of the younger and middle generation have worked with the theatre, such as Maja Kleczewská, Monika Strzępková, Barbara Wysocká, Michał Borczuch, Wojciech Faruga, Wojciech Klemm, Marcin Liber, Wiktor Rubin, Paweł Świątek and Michał Zadara. Since January 2013 the theatre’s managing director has been Jan Klata. The current repertore consists of productions of contemporary works and reinterpretations of classics, as well as groundbreaking multimedia and musical projects. The Old Theatre is permanently open to young artists: directors, set designers, composers and choreographers, as well as dramatists – a number of the plays produced were written directly for the Old Theatre. Since 2009 the theatre has been part of the international Mitos21 European Theatre Network of leading European theatres. This cooperation is bearing fruit in the form of joint international theatre projects.
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