bon – Übersetzung – Keybot-Wörterbuch

  Centre de la lutte anti...  

Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen	Le Groupe sert également d'intermédiaire auprès des intervenants au niveau régional, et bon nombre de ses membres font partie d'autres groupes de travail et sous-comités qui participent à l'élaboration de stratégies de réduction des risques.
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigenagr.ca als Prioritätsdomäne definieren	The group also serves as a means of communication to stakeholders at a regional level and many of the members of the group participate in other working groups and subcommittees involved in the development of risk reduction strategies. The group meets face-to-face once a year in March and conducts other meetings via telephone conference calls throughout the year.

  Mise au point et impact...  

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Dans ces études, les traitements localisés et/ou la réduction de la dose d’herbicide basé sur le RR ont réduit l'utilisation annuelle des herbicides jusqu'à 85%. Il y a donc un bon potentiel d'économie d'herbicides s’il est possible de développer un outil permettant de décider où on peut s'abstenir d'appliquer des herbicides.

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In conventional corn and soybean fields (fall plowing and pre-seeding harrowing), weeds often grow in pockets and the level of infestation can vary greatly from one field to the next. This suggests that it may not be necessary to treat the entire field with herbicide. Previous studies have shown that relative coverage (RC) of a field by weeds may be used as an indicator to determine whether to treat against weeds. In these studies, localized and/or reduced-rate herbicide applications based on RC reduced annual herbicide use by up to 85%. There is then a possibility to economize on herbicide use if a decision support tool can be developed to enable growers determine the areas in the field where application of herbicides could be avoided.

  La fertilisation du sol...  

Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen	Les cultures ont besoin d'un apport suffisant en nutriments pendant la saison de végétation, afin de favoriser une croissance vigoureuse et le développement d'un système radiculaire robuste. La fertilisation au moment de l'ensemencement donnera un bon départ B vos cultures, en particulier dans les sols ayant une faible teneur en nutriments résiduels.
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigenagr.ca als Prioritätsdomäne definieren	Crops need an adequate supply of nutrients early in the growing season to promote vigorous growth and to develop a strong root system. Fertilizing at seeding will start your crop off on the right foot, especially in soils with low residual nutrients.

  Des conseils sur le tra...  

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En général, c'est au printemps qu'on se plaint des odeurs que dégage l'eau. Lorsque le système d'aération fonctionne bien, il se peut que les problèmes d'odeurs proviennent du filtre à charbon actif. Les systèmes de traitement de l'eau, par filtration sur charbon actif granulaire, qui sont en bon état permettent de réduire la coloration, le goût et l'odeur indésirables de l'eau.

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Smelly water is a common complaint in spring. Assuming the aeration system is working properly, odours may indicate a problem with the activated carbon filter. Properly maintained granular activated carbon systems work well to reduce colour, taste and odour. Carbon systems are in place in many households, but often the carbon filters do not work well because they have been exhausted or are overloaded beyond their capacity. Standard household systems will usually last about six months before they become exhausted and need replacement. Treating poor quality water will require more frequent maintenance.

  Gisèle Mitrow, Gestionn...  

Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen	Bon nombre de clients (des chercheurs d'AAC, d'autres ministères fédéraux, des ministères provinciaux, des groupes comme le centre antipoison et même le grand public) ont recours à ses services pour identifier des plantes inconnues.
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigenagr.ca als Prioritätsdomäne definieren	Gisèle is called on by a variety of clients (AAFC researchers, other Government of Canada departments, provincial ministries, groups like Poison Control, and even the general public) to identify unknown plants - literally looking at plant samples and identifying what they are.

  Jardins ornementaux - A...  

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« Le plan originel comprenait bon nombre des arbres qui entouraient la demeure et conservait la plate-bande de vivaces plantée par Macoun. La partie principale du jardin était formée d'un étang entouré d'une allée et d'un remblai de pierre au sommet duquel trônaient différentes fleurs. La carrière de la ferme ne contenant pas assez de roche, Oliver a dû se rendre au pré Tunney avec des hommes, un tracteur et une remorque agricole, pour aller chercher des pierres de la taille désirée. Le dur labeur de ce groupe d'hommes a produit ce jardin qui fut inauguré officiellement en 1936 dans le cadre des célébrations entourant le cinquantième anniversaire de la ferme. Footnote 1 »

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"The plan incorporated many of the trees that had grown around the structure and preserved Macoun's perennial border as well. The garden's centrepiece was the sunken pool and its surrounding walkway and low stone embankments topped with a variety of flowers. The Farm's quarry did not yield enough rocks for the job, making it necessary for Oliver to take a team of workmen, a tractor and a farm wagon to Tunney's pasture to find rocks of the size required. Eventually, the hard work of Oliver and his team produced a garden that was officially dedicated in 1936 as part of the celebrations marking the Farm's fiftieth anniversary Footnote 1."

  Konjac Glucomannan-Assi...  

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Les résultats indiquent que la matrice de GMK peut améliorer le degré de dispersion et la distribution en taille des nanoparticules de FeNi, car elle interagit avec le FeNi et forme ainsi une ossature complexe. En même temps, les nanoparticules ainsi obtenues exhibent un comportement ferromagnétique typique. Il est bon de noter que la procédure.

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In this work, a novel and simple method was developed to prepare FeNi nanoparticles using konjac glucomannan (KGM) as template. The structure and morphology of the as-prepared nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectra and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed the KGM template can improve the dispersity and size distribution of the FeNi nanoparticles because it interacted with FeNi and hence form a complex framework. At the same time, the resultant nanoparticles demonstrated typical ferromagnetic behavior. It is worth of noting that the procedure

  Le cerisier de France 1...  

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Cette homologation s’inscrit dans le programme permanent d’hybridation des cerisiers inauguré en 1936 (Kappel et Lay, 1997). StardustMD est le cultivar incarnat ou bicolore le plus tardif homologué par le CRAP-Summerland et donne des fruits fermes d’un très bon calibre; il est autofertile.

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13N0770 (Stardust™) is a late-maturing blush sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) that has been released by the Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre (PARC-Summerland), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada at Summerland, BC. The release is part of the on-going sweet cherry breeding program that began in 1936 (Kappel and Lay 1997). Stardust™ is the latest-maturing blush or bi-colored cultivar released from PARC-Summerland and has very good fruit size, firmness, and is self-fertile. It was released to growers for wide scale commercial testing in 2002.

  Les pois fourragers CDC...  

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CDC Tucker et CDC Leroy sont des cultivars de pois fourrager (Pisum sativum L.) homologués respectivement en 2006 et 2008 par le Crop Development Centre de l’Université de la Saskatchewan à l’intention des producteurs de semences Select de la province et de l’Alberta, dans le cadre du programme d’homologation des variétés des Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. Les deux cultivars se caractérisent par un port semi-aphylle, la production d’une quantité élevée de biomasse, un bon rendement grainier et la résistance au blanc (causé par Erysiphe pisi Syd.).

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CDC Tucker and CDC Leroy are forage pea (Pisum sativum L.) cultivars released in 2006 and 2008, respectively, by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, for distribution to Select seed growers in Saskatchewan and Alberta through the Variety Release Program of the Saskatchewan Pulse Growers. Both cultivars have a semileafless leaf type, high biomass production, good biomass quality, good seed yield, and resistance to powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe pisi Syd.). Both cultivars have superior lodging resistance to the check cultivars Trapper and 40-10, but with slightly greater seed weight. CDC Tucker and CDC Leroy had similar lodging resistance and grain yield compared with the field pea check cultivar CDC Minuet.

  Gras trans - Agricultur...  

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Cette initiative, combinée à l'évolution de la sensibilisation à l'importance de l'alimentation et de la science alimentaire et, récemment, aux recommandations du Groupe d'étude sur les gras trans, a incité bon nombre de fabricants de produits alimentaires à modifier d'eux-mêmes la composition de leurs produits pour réduire ou éliminer les gras trans sans accroître considérablement la teneur en gras saturé.Footnote 1

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Canada was the first country to introduce mandatory labelling of trans fat. This initiative, combined with advancements in nutritional awareness and food science and, more recently, the recommendations of the Trans Fat Task Force, has succeeded in prompting voluntary re-formulations by many food companies to reduce or eliminate trans fats in their products without significantly increasing the levels of saturated fat.Footnote 1

  Les carrières en agricu...  

Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen	Quel serait un mot de huit lettres qui désigne une personne qui maintient en bon état des machines et des véhicules?
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigenagr.ca als Prioritätsdomäne definieren	What is an eight-letter word for a person who keeps machines and vehicles in good condition?

  Soil community changes ...  

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Dans bon nombre d’études de chronoséquence, le flux énergétique du réseau trophique de la communauté microbienne du sol tend à être moins dominé par les bactéries et davantage par les champignons à la suite d’une réduction de l’apport d’engrais et de l’intensité du pâturage.

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Succession to a naturalized grassland from former agricultural land and pastures is accompanied by changes in plant biodiversity and in the soil community. These changes are the result of a reduction or elimination of management, fertilizer applications and of grazing by large herbivores. We review soil biology studies on agricultural land that are in various successional stages towards naturalized grasslands, where interactions between plant species composition changes and the soil ecology affect each other. In many chronosequence studies, the soil microbial community tends to shift towards a less bacterial, and more fungal dominated food web energy channel following a reduction in fertilizer inputs and grazing intensity. Whereas changes in microarthropod communities are obscured, nematode trophic functional group (ecological guild) changes respond to both plant and soil community changes. There are opportunities to further study the feedback interactions between roots and soil organisms in grasslands. A better understanding of the molecular feedback mechanisms would be beneficial in long-term grassland management.

  Centre de la lutte anti...  

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Les fabricants du monde entier ont conçu un vaste éventail de produits de lutte antiparasitaire pour les cultures sur surfaces réduites, qui sont d'usage courant en dehors du Canada. Bon nombre de ces produits demeurent toutefois inaccessibles aux producteurs canadiens étant donné qu'ils n'ont jamais été homologués au Canada.

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not because they're of little value but because they're grown on small acreages, and they face the same pest management challenges as major crops. Manufacturers worldwide have developed a broad range of minor-crop pest-control products, which are in common use outside Canada, but many of these controls have remained beyond the reach of our growers since they've never been registered here. This is because Canada's minor-crop operations don't have the collective acreage to constitute a large enough pesticide market, so manufacturers haven't found it cost-effective to pursue Canadian registrations for many potentially useful products.

  Report de l'impôt sur l...  

Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen	MR 246 Ituna Bon Accord
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigenagr.ca als Prioritätsdomäne definieren	RM 246 Ituna Bon Accord

  Optimum use of biplots ...  

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Il faut reconnaître que certains utilisateurs de l’analyse par diagramme de double projection ne savent pas choisir le bon type de diagramme de double projection pour un objectif de recherche donné et ne savent pas comment interpréter correctement, précisément et adéquatement ces diagrammes.

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Biplot analysis has been increasingly used in visual analysis of genotype-by-environment data and other types of two-way data. While many plant breeders and agricultural researchers are enthusiastic about the capacity of biplot analysis in helping them to understand their research data, some statisticians consider the use of biplots as a sidetrack to genotypeby-environment interaction analyses. Confusion also exists among statisticians on what is or is not a biplot. Admittedly, some users of biplot analysis are not always clear on how to select a proper type of biplot for a particular research objective and how to interpret a biplot correctly, accurately, and adequately. Some criticisms of biplot analysis may arise from incomplete understanding of the practitioners’ research problems as well as of the biplot methodology. In this review, I summarize the experiences and understanding in biplot analysis of genotype-by-environment data achieved during the last decade and discuss the following issues: (1) how to choose a proper biplot; (2) how to choose a proper GGE (genotype + genotype-by-environment interaction) biplot; (3) how to use the key functions of a GGE biplot for genotype evaluation, test-environment evaluation, and mega-environment delineation; (4) how to judge the adequacy of a 2-D biplot; and (5) how to test the statistical significance of a biplot pattern.

  The synergistic effects...  

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La teneur en phosphore de l’amidon a été corrélée positivement à la teneur en amidon résistant présent dans l’amidon natif (p < 0.001) et à la teneur en amidon lentement digestible présent dans le gel d’amidon (p < 0.05). La teneur en amylose seule ne semble pas être un bon indicateur de la digestibilité de l’amidon.

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This study investigated synergistic impact of amylose and phosphorus on the rheological, thermal, structural and nutritional properties of native potato starch, dry starch gel and freshly cooked gel. The results indicated that starch with a high amylose level and higher phosphorus content showed enhanced retrogradation extent, associated with a well-formed and rigid gel structure and more ordered structure, compared to starch with a lower phosphorus content. Phosphorus content in starch was positively correlated to resistant starch content in native starch (p < 0.001) and to the slowly digestible starch content in the starch gel (p < 0.05). Amylose content alone appeared not to be a good indicator of the starch digestibility. Phosphorus content played a dominant role in some physicochemical properties of starch when the amylose content was above a threshold level. The temperature ramp test appeared to be a sensitive method to detect the re-crystallisation of starch molecules during the early stages of retrogradation.

  Incidence du cultivar, ...  

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La lignée 050488EM a toujours donné un bon rendement en Nouvelle-Écosse et à l’Île-du-Prince-Édouard, mais la lignée 070768EM a donné un rendement plus stable en Saskatchewan, pendant les deux années du projet.

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The unremitting growth of oilseed demand makes it necessary to explore alternative oilseed crops to meet this requirement. This study evaluated the effects of genotype, seeding rate and nitrogen (N) supply on the seed yield and quality of oilseed Brassica carinata A. Braun in three contrasting environments (Truro, NS, Harrington, PE and Saskatoon, SK). Useful genetic variation in agronomic and seed quality characteristics was found among these 10 B. carinata genotypes and genotype selection requires location specific recommendation. Line 050488EM had consistently good yield in both Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island, while line 070768EM displayed better yield stability across 2 yr in Saskatchewan. Because of the high degree of compensatory ability to low plant population, maximum seed yield of B. carinata can be achieved over the range from 34 to 114 plants m-2. No significant difference in oil and protein content of seed due to seeding rates was observed. The linear increase in seed and oil yield with increased N rate up to 150 kg ha-1 indicates that B. carinata is highly responsive to applied N. Increases in N supply resulted in a decrease in oil content and a corresponding increase in protein content in all experiments. In summary, the findings of this study provide convincing evidence of the agronomic adaptation of B. carinata to all three locations.

  Spray-dried pulse consu...  

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Même si des études antérieures ont montré les bienfaits des légumineuses sur la santé cardiovasculaire, bon nombre de ces études portaient essentiellement sur un seul type de légumineuses chez les adultes hypercholestérolémiques, ce qui justifie que l’étude soit étendue à plusieurs types de légumineuses chez les adultes en bonne santé.

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Pulses, including beans, chickpeas, lentils and peas, are high in dietary fiber, protein, and folate, and low in fat. Although beneficial effects of pulse consumption related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been reported in previous studies, many of them have focused on single pulse types in hypercholesterolemic adults, thus creating rationale to extend investigation into multiple pulse types in healthy adults. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of chickpeas, lentils and peas on markers of CVD risk and glycemic control in healthy males. Twenty-one healthy adult males participated in a randomized crossover study involving four treatment periods in which they consumed 100 g of spray-dried chickpeas, lentils and peas, and a control (50 g of dehydrated potato flakes) for 28 days each, separated by 28-day washout periods. Fasting blood was collected on days 1 and 29 of each treatment period for analysis of total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoprotein B, apolipoprotein A-I, homocysteine, glucose and insulin. Consumption of chickpea, lentil or pea for 28 days did not significantly affect serum lipids, homocysteine or glycemic parameters in a sample of 21 healthy adult males. Further research is required to determine the effectiveness of different pulse types on traditional biomarkers of cardiovascular disease as a preventative measure.

  Soil and Crop Response ...  

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Les propriétés de la cendre de bois en font un bon amendement calcaire qu’il faut étudier en comparant son efficacité à celle de la chaux agricole pour l’amendement de sols agricoles acides. Nous avons donc comparé l’épandage de cendre de bois à raison de 6,72 t de carbonate de calcium par hectare avec l’épandage d’une dose équivalente de chaux agricole sur un sol limono-argileux de pH initial 4,9.

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Wood ash has the properties to be an effective liming material, and research is needed to compare its effectiveness relative to agricultural lime on acidic agricultural soils. Wood ash at a calcium carbonate rate of 6.72 t ha–1 was compared with an equivalent rate of agricultural lime on a clay loam soil with an initial pH of 4.9. Replicated plots were managed under a barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)–canola (Brassica rapa L.)–pea (Pisum sativum L.) rotation for 4 yr (2002–2005). Soil pH increased in the order of: wood ash = lime > control (without lime or wood ash). Available soil P increased in the order of: wood ash > lime ≥ control. The effect of wood ash and lime application on pH and available P was greatest in the 0- to 5-cm depth, less but still significant in the 5- to 10-cm depth, and not significant below 10 cm. The effect on soil aggregation was: wood ash > lime > control. Averaged over 4 yr, application of wood ash increased grain yields of barley, canola, and pea by 49, 59, and 55%, respectively, compared to a corresponding increase of 38, 31, and 49% by agricultural lime. The increase in crop yield with wood ash compared with lime is attributed partly to increased P availability in wood ash-amended plots. It is concluded that wood ash applied at rates equivalent to agricultural lime improved some soil chemical and physical properties and increased crop production relative to agricultural lime.

  Production of lactic ac...  

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Le jus de chou frais (JCF) s’est révélé un bon milieu de culture pour les souches suivantes : Lactobacillus plantarum S1, Leuconostoc mesenteroides S4, Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 10241, Lactobacillus acidophilus LB45 et Lactobacillus casei LB10.

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Spent cabbage juice (SCJ) is a by-product of sauerkraut manufacture. In this study, the potential of SCJ to be used as a growth medium for lactic cultures and probiotic bacteria was evaluated. Lactobacillus plantarum S1, Leuconostoc mesenteroides S4, Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 10241, Lactobacillus acidophilus LB45 and Lactobacillus casei LB10 all grew well in fresh cabbage juice (FCJ). In fermentations carried out under external pH control (constant pH of 5.8 maintained by alkali addition) in FCJ or SCJ, growth of Leuc. mesenteroides S4 and L. plantarum S1 was similar in both media and reached populations well above 109 CFU/mL. The maximum growth rates of the cultures in FCJ were similar to those in MRS, but biomass levels were higher in MRS. The higher biomass levels reached in MRS were not due to lack of carbohydrates in SCJ because both media were supplemented by glucose and fructose to 25 and 20 g/L, respectively. The addition of 5 g/L yeast extract (YE) or 15 g/L of soy peptones to SCJ did not improve the biomass yields. Some preliminary data suggest that there could be important effects of SCJ lot on biomass production. Automated spectrophotometry could be used to assess the quality of the lots in this respect.

  Evaluation of some  

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Finalement, l’immunisation des bovins avec l’IsdH a provoqué une réponse immunitaire forte et durable accompagnée d’une production d’IgG2. La protéine IsdH semble être un bon candidat vaccin contre la mammite bovine causée par S. aureus.

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Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen that is responsible for a wide range of infections, including bovine mastitis. Previously, 54 genes from S. aureus that were up-regulated in an iron-restricted medium and in mice were identified. Seven of those genes were selected from five iron-acquisition systems (isd, feo, sir, sst, and fhu), and the proteins were evaluated as potential vaccine targets to prevent bovine mastitis. The antigenicity of the recombinant proteins obtained with each studied gene was evaluated in rabbits and/or cattle. Immune sera were used to test the bacterial accessibility of the native proteins. All the proteins were immunogenic in rabbits or cattle. IsdH, IsdB, FeoB and SstD were expressed on the bacterial surface, with IsdB and IsdH more expressed in an iron-restricted environment. The capacity of antibodies to prevent infection was measured in a mouse mastitis model. Preincubation of S. aureus with serum against IsdH or with the pool of sera against IsdB, SstD and FeoB led to decreased colonization of the mouse mammary glands. Lastly, cattle immunization with IsdH induced a strong and long-lasting immune response with IgG2 production. The protein IsdH appears to be a good vaccine candidate to prevent S. aureus bovine mastitis.

  Short-Term Impacts of N...  

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Dans le but d’obtenir un bon indicateur pour évaluer l’effet de la culture sans travail du sol (ST) sur la structure et la qualité du sol, nous avons étudié la dynamique de la teneur en carbone organique total dans le sol (COS) et du COS associé à des agrégats, ainsi que leur relation dans la couche supérieure (30 cm) des sols noirs du nord est de la Chine en régime ST.

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In order to get a good indicator to evaluate the impacts of no tillage (NT) on soil structure and soil quality, we studied the dynamics of total soil organic carbon (SOC) and aggregate-associated SOC, and their relationships in the plow layer (30 cm) in black soil of Northeast China under NT practice. The tillage experiment was established in Dehui County, Jilin Province, China, in 2001. The total SOC and aggregate-associated SOC under 5-yr tillage treatments were measured. NT practices did not lead to the increase of average SOC content at 0-30 cm depth, but it did significantly increase SOC at the top soil (0-5 cm). In NT plots, the change of SOC in > 1 000 μm aggregate was the same with that of total SOC, but the effect of NT on SOC in > 1 000 μm aggregate was greater than the effect on total SOC, suggesting that > 1 000 μm aggregate had more sensitive response to the impact of tillage practices. Also, significant positive correlation occurred between total SOC and SOC in > 1 000 μm aggregate in black soil. Consequently, in the short term soil macroaggregate >1 000 μm could be used as an indicator to evaluate the impacts of tillage practices on soil structure in black soil of Northeast China.

  Au sujet du Centre - Ag...  

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Un système d'irrigation avancé, avec trois irrigateurs pivots et deux systèmes à déplacement linéaire conçus pour les essais d'irrigation, irrigue quelque 70 hectares. Comme c'est le seul système du genre au Manitoba, la plupart des recherches exigeant un bon contrôle de l'irrigation se fait au CDCCM.

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Buildings include an office-lab-classroom complex, a large building for sample processing, shop work, and storage, a chemical storage and handling building, a machine storage building, and grain bins. Equipment for most operations is owned, while some field and research operations are contracted out or conducted by project cooperators. An advanced irrigation system has been installed which permits irrigation of approximately 70 ha of land, using three pivot irrigators and two linear-move systems well-adapted to meet the needs of irrigation research trials. This capability is unique to CMCDC in Manitoba, so the Centre attracts most research in Manitoba requiring good irrigation control.

  Découvrez la soupe! - A...  

Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen	Bon appétit! Choisis un autre produit, et partons pour une nouvelle aventure!
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigenagr.ca als Prioritätsdomäne definieren	Bon appetite! Choose another item and let's go on a new adventure!

  Genetic transformation of  

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L’étude et la mise au point d’une technologie de transformation faisant intervenir de nouvelles stratégies de sélection revêtent beaucoup d’importance pour divers travaux de recherche fondamentale et pour l’amélioration génétique des caractéristiques agronomiques des plantes cultivées. Dans les travaux présentés ici, nous montrons que la résistance à l’hygromycine est un bon système pour la transformation génétique du prunier.

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The study and development of transformation technology with new selection schemes is important for various fundamental studies and for crop trait improvement via genetic engineering. Here we have shown that hygromycin resistance is an effective system for plum genetic transformation. Embryonic axes of mature seeds were co-cultivated with Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 containing the pC1381 plasmid carrying the hygromycin phosphotranferase gene (hpt) and β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene or with strain EHA105 containing the plasmid pC1301 carrying the same marker and reporter genes. The latter strain containing a pC2301 plasmid carrying the neomycin phosphotransferase gene (nptII) gene was used as a control. Infected explants were placed on shoot induction medium containing either 5 mg L-1 hygromycin or 75 mg L-1 kanamycin for selection. Green shoots developed from the explants under hygromycin pressure. These shoots showed continued and vigorous growth and development upon transfer onto fresh hygromycin medium. PCR using hpt sequence primers, and Southern blot analysis using a probe from the hpt gene, confirmed the presence of the transgenes and their stable integration in regenerated plants. Full transgenic plants were obtained in a greenhouse. Hygromycin selection was very effective and no escapes were observed. The study demonstrated that hygromycin resistance can be used as an effective selectable marker for plum transformation. The new system developed here is important and useful for multiple gene transformation in plum.

  La gestion de l’azote d...  

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Les problèmes environnementaux liés à l’agriculture, en particulier à l’élevage, figurent en bonne place sur les programmes de réglementation et la population s’attend à des améliorations. Modifier les pratiques agricoles permettrait d’atténuer bon nombre de problèmes.

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Environmental issues related to agriculture, and especially to animal production are prominent in the regulatory agenda and are an area where the general public expects improvements. Many of the issues can be mitigated with changes in farm management practices. There is considerable potential for improvement, but before actions are recommended or mandated, it is important to document what are the current management practices and how they vary across the country and with farm size. This is the first of a series of papers that describes a large-scale livestock farm practices survey (LFPS) conducted across livestock farms in Canada, emphasizing manure nitrogen (N) management as it affects ammonia (NH3) emissions to the atmosphere. However, the survey results have much broader applicability. In this paper, the development of the survey and sampling strategy is described along with the results for the three main poultry sectors in Canada; broiler, layer and turkey. Husbandry in each poultry sector is generally uniform, but there were statistically significant regional differences in feeding practices and feed conversion efficiencies, and these imply differences in N excretion rates. Farm size was seldom significant as a covariate, suggesting that both small and large poultry farms have adopted similar husbandry and feeding practices.

  Stride oat. - Agricultu...  

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La variété résiste très bien au charbon nu et au charbon couvert, résiste modérément bien à la plupart des races de rouille de la tige des Prairies (probablement à cause des gènes Pg2 et Pg13) et réagit de façon intermédiaire au virus du nanisme jaune de l’orge (BYDV).

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Stride is a white-hulled spring oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivar with moderate resistance to fusarium head blight. It is postulated to carry the crown rust resistance combination Pc39, Pc68 and Pc94, which was effective against the prevalent crown rust races on the Canadian prairies at the time of its release. It has very good resistance to loose and covered smut, moderately good resistance to most of the prairie stem rust races (likely due to the presence of Pg2 and Pg13), and intermediate reaction to barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV). Stride has high test weight, but low kernel weight. Stride exhibits high yielding capacity in the oat growing areas of western Canada. Stride was registered (Reg. No. 7180) in Canada 2012 Apr. 23.

  Analyse des tendances d...  

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Les tendances temporelles étaient évidentes à de nombreuses stations au cours des trois périodes d'enregistrement utilisées. La période de 40 ans a montré le pourcentage le plus élevé de tendances décroissantes, mais bon nombre de ces tendances sont devenues peu significatives au cours de la période de 50 ans.

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Mapping the location of significant monthly trends indicated that increasing trends were typically situated in the more northern regions and decreasing trends in the more southern regions. Temporal patterns were apparent at multiple stations for the three record lengths used. The 40-year period showed the highest percentage of decreasing trends, but quite a few of these became an insignificant trend in the 50-year period. In several cases, stations that possessed no trend in the 40-year period became significant increasing trends in the 50-year period; most of these were in April.

  Hydrologic Drivers and ...  

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Nous avons constaté que la MODF était un très bon indicateur de la concentration de carbone organique dissous (COD, r 2 = 0,96), de l’azote organique dissous (NOD, r 2 = 0,81) et du COD biodisponible (CODB, r 2 = 0,81).

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We present the results of a full year of high-resolution monitoring of hydrologic event-driven export of stream dissolved organic matter (DOM) from the forested Bigelow Brook watershed in Harvard Forest, Massachusetts, USA. A combination of in situ fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) measurement, grab samples, and bioassays was utilized. FDOM was identified as a strong indicator of concentration for dissolved organic carbon (DOC, r 2 = 0.96), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON, r 2 = 0.81), and bioavailable DOC (BDOC, r 2 = 0.81). Relationships between FDOM and concentration were utilized to improve characterization of patterns of hydrological event-driven export and the quantification of annual export. This characterization was possible because DOM composition remained relatively consistent seasonally; however, a subtle shift to increased fluorescence per unit absorbance was observed for summer and fall seasons and percent BDOC did increase slightly with increasing concentrations. The majority of export occurred during pulsed hydrological events, so the greatest impact of bioavailable exports may be on downstream aquatic ecosystems. Export from individual events was highly seasonal in nature with the highest flow weighted mean concentrations (DOCFW) being observed in late summer and fall months, but the highest total export being observed for larger winter storms. Seasonal trends in DOC export coincide with weather driven changes in surface and subsurface flow paths, potential for depletion and rebuilding of a flushable soil organic matter pool, and the availability of terrestrial carbon sources such as leaf litter. Our approach and findings demonstrate the utility of high frequency FDOM measurement to improve estimates of intra-annual temporal trends of DOM export.

  New DNA markers reveal ...  

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Cette clé est fondée sur les différences de restriction des amplicons PCR d’une portion du gène mitochondrial de la cytochrome oxydase I. Il faut trois enzymes de restriction pour séparer les spécimens immatures, non différenciables visuellement, mais il en faut seulement deux pour identifier les adultes, qui peuvent être départagés rapidement en deux groupes sur la base de leur couleur (deux espèces noires, trois espèces brunes). Bon nombre des lâchers originaux et des relocalisations d’altises ont été effectués à l’aide de populations plurispécifiques dont la composition n’avait pas été rigoureusement établie.

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Six species of Aphthona flea beetles from Europe have been introduced in North America for the purpose of controlling a noxious weed, leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula). In the years following the releases, five of the species have been recorded as being established at various locations. There is no evidence that the sixth species ever became established. A molecular marker key that can identify the DNA of the five established species is described. The key relies on restriction site differences found in PCR amplicons of a portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene. Three restriction enzymes are required to separate the immature specimens which are not visually separable. Adults which can be quickly separated into the two black species and three brown species require only two restriction enzymes to resolve the species. Many of the original releases and relocations of the flea beetles used populations containing mixed species that were often not thoroughly characterized as to species. The markers showed the presence of two Aphthona species in North Dakota that were believed to have been absent from the state for the past decade. Without the marker assay these populations would probably have been overlooked.

  Methods for Functional ...  

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De nouvelles techniques servant à séparer et analyser/identifier les protéines ont été créées ou perfectionnées, ce qui a accéléré l’évolution de ce nouveau champ d’études. Bon nombre des expériences de la protéomique sont devenues des méthodes d’utilisation courante dans certains laboratoires.

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The term 'Proteomics' was introduced in 1997 to describe a growing interest in the study of the proteome - the expressed protein set of an organism. As this new discipline evolved, it quickly became obvious that proteomics would be a very complex and ambitious undertaking, perhaps even more so than genomics, which had engendered it. New techniques for both the separation and analysis/identification of proteins were emerging or being refined, and these facilitated the development of this new field. Many proteomics experiments are now routine in some laboratories. In this chapter we describe a typical proteomics experiment, using examples from our laboratory: the separation of complex mixtures of proteins by 2-dimensional electrophoresis and subsequent identification of a protein spot by mass spectrometry with two commonly used instruments: MALDI-QqTOF and ESI-ion trap.

  Gnetum africanum: A wil...  

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Gnetum africanum est une liane qui pousse abondamment dans les forêts en Amérique centrale, en Amérique de Sud ainsi qu’en Asie tropicale et subtropicale. Ses feuilles sont consommées comme un légume, crues ou finement hachées et cuites; elles sont aussi largement utilisées comme ingrédient dans les soupes et les ragoûts, et sont très en demande en raison de leurs propriétés nutritives et thérapeutiques.

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Gnetum africanum is a forest liana that grows abundantly in Central Africa, South America, and tropical and subtropical Asia. Its leaves are eaten as a vegetable, either raw or finely chopped and cooked; they are also widely used as an ingredient in soups and stews and are much in demand for their nutritional and therapeutic properties. In the latter application, various fractions of G. africanum are used medicinally to treat many different illnesses. Many studies have also shown that the chemical composition of the leaves of this plant gives it significant nutritional properties, and its high fiber, protein, and calorie content support these claims. Several molecular compounds related to the families of stilbenes, glycosylflavones, and flavonostilbenes have been isolated and identified in the leaf extract of this plant. These molecules give the plant its interesting properties and biological activities.

  Les puits d'eau en temp...  

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Un bon moyen d'en savoir plus est de vérifier le dossier de construction. En vertu des règlements provinciaux, les puisatiers doivent fournir aux propriétaires de nouveaux puits un rapport d'achèvement des travaux.

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Well construction records are a good place to start. Provincial regulations require well drillers to provide owners with a well completion report when a new well is drilled. The report should cover the basics - who, what, where, and when it was drilled. It may also describe the construction materials, the formation, the producing (screened) zone, the water quality, the yield, and the static (non-pumping) water level at the time it was drilled. If you don't have this record, you may be able to get more information from the provincial data base, or PFRA.

  Biomimetic soy protein ...  

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Les résultats montrent que les rivets compacts ou liens d’interverrouillage, ainsi que le pontage des ions de carbonate de calcium et des ions hydroxyles dans l’adhésif améliorent considérablement l’imperméabilité à l’eau et la force de liaison des adhésifs à base de protéines de soja.

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Despite the biodegradability, non-toxicity, and renewability, commercially available soy protein-based adhesives still have not been widely adopted by industry, partially due to their disappointing performances, i.e., low glue strength in the dry state and no glue strength in the wet state. In this study, biomimetic soy protein/CaCO3 hybrid wood glue was devised and an attempt made to improve the adhesion strength. The structure and morphology of the adhesive and its fracture bonding interface and adhesion strength were investigated. Results showed that the compact rivets or interlocking links, and ion crosslinking of calcium, carbonate, hydroxyl ions in the adhesive greatly improving the water-resistance and bonding strength of soy protein adhesives. Glue strength of soy protein hybrid adhesive was higher than 6 MPa even after three water-immersion cycles. This green and sustainable proteinous hybrid adhesive, with high glue strength and good water-resistance, is a good substitute for formaldehyde wood glues.

  Effect of ethylene and ...  

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L’éthylène joue un rôle important dans la régulation du mûrissement et de la sénescence des fruits et a une incidence directe sur différents paramètres de qualité des pommes fraîches, notamment l’apparence, la couleur, la texture et la saveur. La pomme (Malus domestica Borkh.) est un fruit climactérique bien connu et constitue un bon modèle pour l’étude du mûrissement et de la sénescence des fruits.

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Ethylene plays an important role in regulating fruit ripening and senescence and directly influences the development of the eating quality of fresh apples, including appearance, color, texture, and flavor. Apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a well-known climacteric fruit and a good model system to study fruit ripening and senescence. To better understand fruit ripening and the role of ethylene perception and signal transduction, apples harvested at a pre-climacteric stage were allowed to naturally ripen, or ripening was either stimulated by treatment with 36 μL L-1 ethylene for 24 h or inhibited by 1-MCP treatment (1.0 μL L-1 for 24 h), respectively. Postharvest physiological indices including respiration and ethylene production were monitored for 22 d for ethylene treatment and 47 d for 1-MCP treatment. Based on an efficiency test, 20 genes in relation to ethylene biosynthesis and perception were investigated using real-time qPCR during the post-treatment period. The ETR2, ETR5, ERSs, EIL4, ERFs genes together with ACS1 and ACO1 genes were significantly up-regulated in fruit during ripening. Ethylene treatment further enhanced the expression of ACO2, ETR1, CTR1s and EIN2A genes, while the ACS3 and ACO3, and EIN2B genes were only slightly affected. 1-MCP treatment significantly inhibited expression of ACS1, ACO1 and ACO2 ethylene biosynthesis genes, which coincided with ethylene production. 1-MCP treatment also reduced expression of ETR1, ETR2, ETR5, ERSs, CTR1, EIN2A, EIL4 and ERFs genes, while having a limited effect on ACS3, ACO3, and EIN2B. This study demonstrated the complexity and dynamic changes of transcriptional profiles of ethylene perception and biosynthesis in response to fruit ripening, ethylene, and 1-MCP treatment. Understanding of the significant changes of these genes and their function may help to explore the mechanisms controlling apple fruit ripening and its response to exogenous ethylene stimuli and action inhibition at the receptor level during ripening and senescence.

  Methane Emissions from ...  

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Le méthane entérique provenant des ruminants est une source importante d’émissions qui sont souvent difficiles à quantifier puisqu’elles varient selon la quantité et le type de nourriture consommée. Bon nombre des techniques de mesure actuelles utilisées pour l’estimation des émissions de méthane entérique ne peuvent faire varier la consommation de nourriture.

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The ability to accurately measure greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions is essential to gauge our ability to reduce these emissions. Enteric methane from ruminants is an important but often difficult source to quantify since it depends on the amount and type of feed intake. Unfortunately, many of the available measurement techniques for estimating enteric methane emissions can impose a change in feed intake. Our study evaluates a nonintrusive technique that uses a novel approach (point-source dispersion with multiple open-path concentrations) to calculate enteric methane emissions from grazing cattle, reported as the major source of GHG in many countries, particularly Australia. A scanner with a mounted open-path laser was used to measure methane concentration across five paths above a paddock containing 18 grazing cattle over 16 d. These data were used along with wind statistics in a dispersion model (WindTrax) to estimate an average herd methane emission rate over 10-min intervals. Enteric methane emissions from the herd grazing a combination of Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana Kunth) and Leucaena [Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.)] averaged (± SD) 141 (± 147) g animal-1 d-1 In a release-recovery experiment, the technique accounted for 77% of the released methane at a single point. Our study shows the technique generates more reliable methane emissions during daytime (unstable stratification).

  Effect of bee-vectored  

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Le champignon Beauveria bassiana ([Balsamo] Vuillemin [Ascomycota: Hypocreales] formulation Botanigard 22WP®]) présente un bon potentiel comme agent de lutte microbienne propagé par les bourdons contre divers insectes ravageurs infestant les cultures de tomates et de poivrons de serre.

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Beauveria bassiana ([Balsamo] Vuillemin [Ascomycota: Hypocreales] Botanigard 22WP® formulation]) shows potential as a bee-vectored microbial control agent for control of insect pests on greenhouse tomato and sweet pepper. To integrate this control strategy with existing beneficials used in greenhouse vegetable production, it is important to determine the impact of bee vectored Beauveria on commonly used biocontrol agents in greenhouse crops. Therefore, greenhouse trials were conducted to investigate the impact of bee-vectored B. bassiana on the survivorship and parasitism/predation level of Encarsia formosa Gahan (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Eretmocerus eremicus Rose & Zolnerowich (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), Aphidius colemani Viereck (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Orius insidiosus (Say) (Heteroptera: Anthocoridae) and Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Two treatments were evaluated: (bee-vectored inoculum [1.37 × 1010 conidia/g of inoculum] and a control [bees but no inoculum]). The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with three to four replications per treatment over time. The commercial bumblebee pollinator, Bombus impatiens (Cresson) (Hymenoptera: Apidae), was used to vector the microbial control agent to the crop. Over 95% of the flower and leaf samples from the tomato and sweet pepper crops contained detectable levels of Beauveria spores. No significant differences in mortalities were found between the two treatments for the parasitoid species and A. swirskii. Mortality for O. insidiosus was significantly greater in the Beauveria treatment compared to the control treatment. Parasitism and predation levels were not significantly different between to the two treatments. Also, Beauveria did not significantly impact bee mortality compared to the control treatment. Thus, based on the results presented in the current study, bee vectoring of the entomopathogen, B. bassiana, should be compatible with many of the beneficial arthropod control agents that are used in greenhouse integrated pest management.

  Découvrez les pommes! -...  

Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen	À son croquant et à son bon goût juteux.
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigenagr.ca als Prioritätsdomäne definieren	The crispness, the juiciness, and the great flavour.

  Découvrez les tomates! ...  

Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen	La tomate. Plutôt étonnante, non? Bon, choisis un autre produit.
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigenagr.ca als Prioritätsdomäne definieren	The tomato. Pretty amazing right? Ok, pick something else.

  Un jus de pomme brut, m...  

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Le problème vient de la formation de ce sel (dans ce cas-ci NaCl ou sel de table). Le sel de table est bon sur les tomates et les concombres, mais dans le jus de pomme, il donne un goût salé tout à fait indésirable.

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The natural organic acids present in apple juice give it its characteristic slightly acidic taste (pH 3.3-3.7). PPO functions very well at this level of acidity. However, by slightly increasing the acidity of the juice, it can be inactivated: simply sprinkling lemon juice (~ pH 2) on cut apple pieces prevents browning. It is therefore possible to inactivate the enzyme by acidifying the juice (down to pH 2). However, in order to obtain a juice that does not make you pucker, the acidity must subsequently be corrected! In the laboratory, the pH can be lowered by adding an acid (such as hydrochloric acid or HCl) and then raised by adding a base (such as sodium hydroxide or NaOH). When the acid and the base interact, they cancel each other out, producing water (H2O) and salt. However, the salt (in this case, NaCl or table salt) creates a problem. Table salt may be good on tomatoes and cucumbers, but it lends apple juice a quite undesirable salty taste. The solution is bipolar membrane electrodialysis.