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Nous examinons, ici, le polymorphisme inter et intragénomique des ITS chez 13 génomes diploïdes (génomes A et C), 7 génomes tétraploïdes (génomes AB, AC et CC) et 4 génomes hexaploïdes (génome ACD) en vue d’inférer l’étendue et la direction de l’évolution concertée, de même que pour déterminer les relations phylogénétiques et génomiques entre les espèces d’Avena.
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Ribosomal ITS sequences are commonly used for phylogenetic reconstruction because they are included in rDNA repeats, and these repeats often undergo rapid concerted evolution within and between arrays. Therefore, the rDNA ITS copies appear to be virtually identical and can sometimes be treated as a single gene. In this paper we examined ITS polymorphism within and among 13 diploid (A and C genomes), seven tetraploid (AB, AC and CC genomes) and four hexaploid (ACD genome) to infer the extent and direction of concerted evolution, and to reveal the phylogenetic and genome relationship among species of Avena. A total of 170 clones of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 fragment were sequenced to carry out haplotype and phylogenetic analysis. In addition, 111 Avena ITS sequences retrieved from GenBank were combined with 170 clones to construct a phylogeny and a netwok. We demonstrate the major divergence between the A and C genomes whereas the distinction among the A and B/D genomes was generally not possible. High affinity among the Ad genome species A. damascena and the ACD genome species A. fatua was found, whereas the rest of the ACD genome hexaploids and the AACC tetraploids were highly affiliated with the Al genome diploid A. longiglumis. One of the AACC species A. murphyi showed the closest relationship with most of the hexaploid species. Both Cv and Cp genome species have been proposed as paternal donors of the C-genome carrying polyploids. Incomplete concerted evolution is responsible for the observed differences among different clones of a single Avena individual. The elimination of C-genome rRNA sequences and the resulting evolutionary inference of hexaploid species are discussed.
  www.ladydavis.ca  
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Il a siégé sur le comité d’attribution des bourses de recherche de la Fondation de la recherche sur le diabète juvénile (FRDJ), l’Association canadienne du diabète (ACD), les Instituts de recherche en santé du Canada (IRSC) et les National Institutes of Health (NIH).
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His current studies address the creation of new insulin-producing cells. He is the co-discoverer of INGAP, a novel pancreatic growth factor, currently in clinical trial as a novel therapy to re-grow new insulin-producing cells in those with diabetes. He has served on grant review panels of the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation (JDRF), the Canadian Diabetes Association (CDA), the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR), and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). He is a member of the Canadian Academy for Health Sciences and was a founding member of the Stem Cell Network of Canada. Dr. Rosenberg is the author of more than 200 peer-reviewed publications. He has been continuously funded by the CIHR for over 20 years. At present, he is the lead investigator on several research grants. He created and directed the Diabetes Research Group of the Stem Cell Network of Canada and was the Director of the JDRF Centre for Beta Cell Regeneration in Montreal. He leads a JDRF-CIHR funded team working to design and develop a bioartificial pancreas.
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