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Rorqual à bosse
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Humpback Whale
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une bosse nucale est visible chez certains individus âgés;
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old fish may develop a hump behind the head (nuchal hump);
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Le rorqual à bosse (
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Au sujet du rorqual à bosse
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About the humpback whale
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Rorqual à bosse —
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Humpback Whale —
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Accueil > Espèces aquatiques > Consulter tous les espèces > Rorqual à bosse
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Home > Aquatic Species > Browse Species > Humpback Whale
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Les rorquals à bosse ont mis au point une méthode ingénieuse de chasse appelée la
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Humpbacks have developed an ingenious method of hunting known as
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. L'élaboration d'une stratégie de rétablissement du rorqual à bosse est en cours.
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. A recovery strategy is currently being developed for humpback whales.
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une grosse bosse se forme devant la nageoire dorsale chez les mâles reproducteur
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a large hump develops before the dorsal fin in breeding males;
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Accueil > Espèces aquatiques > Espèces aquatiques en péril > Espèces aquatiques en péril - Rorqual à bosse - Pacifique Nord
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Home > Aquatic Species > Aquatic Species at Risk > Aquatic Species at Risk - Humpback Whale - North Pacific
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Comment reconnaître un rorqual à bosse
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How to recognize the humpback whale
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Deuxième rorqual à bosse secouru près de Kitimat, C-B
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Second Humpback whale rescued off Kitimat coast BC
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Chez les individus anadromes, le dos est bleu ou vert bleuâtre. À l'époque du frai, les mâles développent une grosse bosse sur le dos et la coloration chez les deux sexes change, de bleu et argenté à gris pâle.
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Pink salmon are the smallest of the Pacific salmon, averaging between 1.5 to 5 kilograms and growing to about 50 centimetres in length. They are silver with a streamlined body and a slightly indented tail. Pink salmon have tiny scales and their tail is heavily marked with large oval spots. Sea-run pinks have blue or bluish-green backs. During spawning, males grow a large hump and both sexes change from their blue and silver colouring to pale grey. Males' dorsal area darkens and their flanks become red with brownish-green patches during spawning. Spawning females undergo a similar but less pronounced colour change. They have a fixed, two-year lifespan-after spending 18 months in the ocean or Great Lakes, maturing fish return to the rivers where they were born to spawn and die.
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La baleine rejette l'air vicié qu'elle contient et inspire de l'air frais très rapidement. La respiration d'un rorqual à bosse, par exemple, peut prendre quelques secondes seulement. Pour cela, la baleine expulse l'air de ses poumons à plus de 480 km/h!
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A whale breathes through one or two blowholes on the top of its head. When the whale is diving, a special structure known as a nasal plug stops water from coming into the blowhole. When the whale comes to the surface, muscles around the blowhole contract to open the nasal plug. The whale blows out old air and breathes in fresh air very quickly. The breath of a humpback whale, for example, can take only a few seconds. To do this, the whale blasts the old air out at more than 480 km/h! When we breathe, we usually replace only 25 per cent of the air in our lungs. But we don't live in water. To get what they need, whales have to replace up to 90 per cent of their air supply with each breath.
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La couche de graisse est épaisse, allant de 5,5 centimètres au menton à environ 28 centimètres au milieu du tronc; elle peut avoir jusqu'à 50 centimètres d'épaisseur. Les nageoires pectorales sont petites et en forme de pagaie, et l'animal n'a pas de nageoire dorsale ni de bosse dorsale.
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Bowhead Whales are large baleen whales with a barrel-shaped body and a very large head (about 30% of total body length). The blubber layer is thick, from 5.5 cm on the chin to about 28 cm over the trunk reaching a maximum of 50 cm. Flippers are small and paddle-shaped and they have no dorsal fin or dorsal hump. Calves are 4 to 4.5 m long at birth and brownish black in colour and adults are black in colour with patches of white around their chin and tail. They grow and develop slowly, reaching sexual maturity at about 25 years of age. Longevity is estimated to be between 50 and 75 years, with some individuals possibly reaching over 100 years of age.
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Voyageant des eaux glacées de l'Alaska aux mers tropicales près de Hawaii, les rorquals à bosse traversent les eaux canadiennes deux fois par année. Ils se tiennent près des côtes et suivent les courants saisonniers pendant leur migration.
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Traveling from the frigid waters of Alaska to the tropical seas off Hawaii, humpback whales migrate through Canadian waters twice a year. The whales generally follow the coastline and take advantage of seasonal currents during their migrations. In the fall, the whales head south to winter and breed in tropical waters; in spring they return to their northern feeding grounds for the summer. During the breeding season, humpback whales prefer water temperatures between 24° and 28°C. The whales favour areas that offer protection against prevailing winds and which have flat ocean beds at a depth of 15 to 60 metres.
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Avec son dos noir et son ventre blanc, une gorge aux profondes rainures et une longue nageoire caudale, le rorqual à bosse est facile à repérer. La tête et le cou de l'animal sont parsemés de petites bosses.
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With its black back and white belly, deeply grooved throat, and huge fluke, the humpback whale is easy to identify. Small bumps are found on the whale's head and neck, and a small dorsal fin near the centre of its back. Adults are between 14 and 19 metres long and weigh between 34,000 and 45,000 kilograms. The fluke of a male humpback can measure up to 80 centimetres across. The underside of each whale's fluke is colored black and white in a pattern that is as unique as a fingerprint. Humpback whales can live to between 45 and 50 years of age.
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Le corps est relativement allongé et couvert de grandes écailles, la tête est courte et la queue est fourchue. Les sujets âgés peuvent porter une bosse derrière la tête. Le dos est brun verdâtre à presque noir, les flancs sont argentés et le ventre est blanc argenté.
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Lake whitefish are related to salmon and bear many similarities to them. They are relatively elongated, with a small head and a body ending in a forked tail. Older fish may have a hump behind their head. Covered with large scales, lake whitefish are silver on their sides and greenish-brown to almost black dorsally, with a silvery-white underside. Their fins are typically transparent or light-coloured, but are darker in specimens from northern regions. Lake whitefish can grow to about 50 centimetres in length and weigh up to two kilograms.
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Majestueux et athlétique, le rorqual à bosse peut se propulser complètement à l'extérieur de l'eau, un mouvement qu'on appelle « breaching ». Parfois, la baleine en profitera pour faire un tour sur elle-même dans les air et retomber sur l'eau dans un énorme éclaboussement.
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Majestic and athletic, humpback whales can throw themselves completely out of the water, a feat that's known as breaching. Sometimes whales twirl around while breaching and slap the water hard as they come back down. Other acrobatic feats include lifting their huge flukes out of the water and slapping them down on the surface-known as tail lobbing-and slapping the water with their flippers, which is called as flipper slapping.
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VAMSC utilise également d'autres méthodologies standard sur le terrain pour recueillir des données fiables sur la population de rorquals à bosse, leur répartition saisonnière, leur habitat et leur alimentation.
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VAMSC is also using standard field methodologies to collect reliable data on the humpback's population numbers, seasonal distribution, habitat and diet. This survey will result in a CD-ROM catalogue of photo images of individual humpback whales, which will be used by researchers across Canada.
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Bien que John Ford, un expert en cétacés de Pêches et Océans Canada, ait passé de nombreuses heures à observer les baleines, la vue d'un saut de rorqual à bosse l'émerveille toujours. Ce rorqual à bosse a été photographié au large de la côte pacifique du Canada.
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DFO cetacean expert John Ford spends hours observing whales but the sight of a breaching Humpback Whale is always a thrill. This Humpback was photographed off our Pacific coast. Humpbacks also roam Canada’s Atlantic coast and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Photo: John Ford, DFO.
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mentionnons les baleines boréales, les baleines noires, les rorquals à bosse et les baleines grises, qui ont tous des formes de corps relativement robustes et massives et sont des nageurs relativement lents mais agiles.
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species include bowhead whales, right whales, humpback whales and grey whales, all of which have relatively robust, stocky body shapes and are relatively slow but maneuverable swimmers. These whales typically escape from killer whale attacks by rolling and splashing at the water's surface, and striking at the predators with their tail flukes. In contrast, the
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Bien que John Ford, un expert en cétacés de Pêches et Océans Canada, ait passé de nombreuses heures à observer les baleines, la vue d'un saut de rorqual à bosse l'émerveille toujours. Ce rorqual à bosse a été photographié au large de la côte pacifique du Canada.
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DFO cetacean expert John Ford spends hours observing whales but the sight of a breaching Humpback Whale is always a thrill. This Humpback was photographed off our Pacific coast. Humpbacks also roam Canada’s Atlantic coast and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Photo: John Ford, DFO.
  Pêches et Océans Canada...  
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Bien que John Ford, un expert en cétacés de Pêches et Océans Canada, ait passé de nombreuses heures à observer les baleines, la vue d'un saut de rorqual à bosse l'émerveille toujours. Ce rorqual à bosse a été photographié au large de la côte pacifique du Canada.
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DFO cetacean expert John Ford spends hours observing whales but the sight of a breaching Humpback Whale is always a thrill. This Humpback was photographed off our Pacific coast. Humpbacks also roam Canada’s Atlantic coast and the Gulf of St. Lawrence. Photo: John Ford, DFO.
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Le rorqual à bosse est protégé par la Commission internationale des baleines depuis 1955 dans l'Atlantique Nord et depuis 1965 dans le Pacifique Nord. Des règlements canadiens interdisent la chasse à la baleine dans les eaux canadiennes.
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Humpback whales have been protected by the International Whaling Commission since 1955 in the North Atlantic and 1965 in the North Pacific. Canadian whaling regulations prohibit whaling in Canadian waters.
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Un gros rorqual à bosse libéré dans la baie Hermitage, Terre-Neuve-et-Labrador
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Large Humpback whale freed in Hermitage Bay, Newfoundland & Labrador
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Des agents du MPO démêlent un jeune rorqual à bosse en Colombie-Britannique
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DFO Officers untangle juvenile humpback whale in British Columbia
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L'épaulard, le rorqual à bosse, la baleine grise et certains dauphins sont parmi les espèces qui peuvent être photographiées et identifiées individuellement grâce aux marques, aux cicatrices et à la coloration particulière de chaque sujet.
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Studying animals that live in the vast oceans and spend up to 95 per cent of their time underwater is not easy. Whaling used to be the source of most information. But those were dead whales. Today, we don't need to kill or even capture whales to study them. We peek into their world using a number of techniques. Patient observation is the basic method - hours and hours of it, recording even the smallest detail. Photo-identification is another way. Killer whales, humpback whales, gray whales, and some dolphins are among the species that can be photographed and identified individually by markings, scars or colour patterns. To listen in to the noisy world of whales, researchers lower underwater microphones, or hydrophones, into the water. In some areas, such as Hawaii, researchers have special permits to take video film underwater. Some researchers in other parts of the world are trying various methods of tagging and radio tracking. Others are doing genetic studies using tiny skin samples shed or harmlessly removed from the whales. All of these techniques are designed so that the whales are disturbed as little as possible. Even whales that wash up dead on a beach can help us. Tissue samples can often give us details on such things as diet, parasites, and environmental toxins.
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Les rorquals à bosse ont une durée de vie qui varie entre 45 et 50 ans.
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Humpback whales can live to between 45 and 50 years of age.
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Sauvetage d'une baleine à bosse télévisé sur une série ABC
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First ever sighting of rare whale confirmed
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Accueil > Sciences > Centres d'expertise > CEMAM > Intérêt général > Fiches d'identification > Rorqual à bosse
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Home > Science > Centres of Expertise > CEMAM > General Interest > Identification Cards > Humpback Whale
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Espèces aquatiques en péril - Rorqual à bosse - Pacifique Nord
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Aquatic Species at Risk - Humpback Whale - North Pacific
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Le rorqual à bosse du Pacifique Nord est désigné comme espèce menacée et est protégé en vertu de la
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The North Pacific humpback whale is listed as threatened and protected under the
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Par ailleurs, nous avons participé activement à l'élaboration d'un nouveau cadre pour la gestion des phoques, installé des caméras sur les phoques pour étudier leur comportement de prospection alimentaire, étudié l'utilisation de l'habitat du rorqual bleu et du béluga à l'aide d'enregistreurs de temps et de profondeur et élaboré de nouvelles méthodes d'analyse des données; documenté l'augmentation des épaulards observés dans l'Arctique; examiné les déplacements des phoques munis d'un enregistreur à liaison satellite et les réactions des baleines boréales à l'activité sismique; étudié la prédation de l'épaulard sur d'autres cétacés; mené à bien la première estimation jamais réalisée de l'abondance du rorqual à bosse dans le Pacifique et étudié les changements continus dans la survie de l'épaulard et son lien étroit avec les stocks de saumon quinnat.
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While providing advice is the major component in our mandate, CEMAM scientists are also involved in fundamental, leading edge science. This research includes such activities as our participation in the international Trans-North Atlantic Sighting Surveys, of which the Canadian component provided the first estimates of abundance and distribution of many cetaceans, turtles and basking sharks along the Canada Atlantic coast. Also, we have been active in the development of a new framework for the management of seals, deployments of cameras on seals to study foraging behaviour; studying habitat use of blue whales and beluga using time-depth recorders and developing new data analyses approaches; documenting the increase in observations of killer whales in the Arctic, looking at movements of satellite equipped seals, and reactions of bowhead whales to seismic activity; studying killer whale predation on other cetaceans, completing the first ever Pacific-wide estimate of humpback whale abundance, or the ongoing changes in killer whale survival and its tight link to Chinook salmon stocks.
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Les rorquals à bosse obtiendra la protection dont l'espèce a besoin seulement si tous les Canadiens et Canadiennes travaillent ensemble pour éliminer les menaces. Renseignez-vous sur les rorquals à bosse et soyez conscients des menaces créées par l'activité humaine, que ce soit l'emmêlement dans les filets de pêche ou la pollution par les hydrocarbures.
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Humpback whales will get the protection they need only if all Canadians work together to reduce threats. Find out more about humpback whales and be aware of man-made threats such as entanglement in fishing gear and oil pollution. Do your best to reduce these threats wherever possible to better protect the whales' critical habitat. Get involved with the Habitat Stewardship Program for Species at Risk (HSP) or another conservation organization.
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Rorqual à bosse enchevêtré, secouru près de Tofino, C-B
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Entangled humpback whale rescued near Tofino, BC
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Les rorquals voyagent en groupe et forment des populations distinctes. Les rorquals à bosse atteignent la maturité sexuelle à l'âge de neuf ans. Normalement, la femelle donne naissance à tous les deux ou trois ans.
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Humpbacks travel in groups-called pods-and form distinct populations. Humpback whales reach sexual maturity at nine years of age, and an adult female will bear a calf typically every two to three years. Female whales develop strong and lasting bonds with their calves. The calf nurses frequently on its mother's milk until it's about 11 months old, and remains with its mother for a year or longer.
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Voyageant des eaux frigides de l'Alaska aux mers des Tropiques près de Hawaii, les rorquals traversent les eaux canadiennes deux fois par année. Les rorquals à bosse se tiennent près des côtes et suivent les courants saisonniers pendant leur migration.
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Traveling from the frigid waters of Alaska to the tropical seas off Hawaii, humpback whales migrate through Canadian waters twice a year. The whales generally follow the coastline and take advantage of seasonal currents during their migrations. In the fall, the whales head south to winter and breed in tropical waters; in spring they return to their northern feeding grounds for the summer.
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En collaboration avec l'aquarium de Vancouver (Vancouver Aquarium Marine Sciences Centre - VAMSC), Pêches et Océans Canada travaille avec les universités et avec l'industrie éco-touristique sur une série de projets reliés au rorqual à bosse.
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In co-operation with the Vancouver Aquarium Marine Sciences Centre (VAMSC), Fisheries and Oceans Canada is working with universities and the eco-tourism industry on a range of projects related to the humpback whale. Programs include public education through displays at the Vancouver Aquarium Marine Science Centre, a web site and other media.
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le rorqual à bosse;
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Humpback Whale
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Les rorquals à bosse obtiendra la protection dont l'espèce a besoin seulement si tous les Canadiens et Canadiennes travaillent ensemble pour éliminer les menaces. Renseignez-vous sur les rorquals à bosse et soyez conscients des menaces créées par l'activité humaine, que ce soit l'emmêlement dans les filets de pêche ou la pollution par les hydrocarbures.
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Humpback whales will get the protection they need only if all Canadians work together to reduce threats. Find out more about humpback whales and be aware of man-made threats such as entanglement in fishing gear and oil pollution. Do your best to reduce these threats wherever possible to better protect the whales' critical habitat. Get involved with the Habitat Stewardship Program for Species at Risk (HSP) or another conservation organization.
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Les rorquals à bosse obtiendra la protection dont l'espèce a besoin seulement si tous les Canadiens et Canadiennes travaillent ensemble pour éliminer les menaces. Renseignez-vous sur les rorquals à bosse et soyez conscients des menaces créées par l'activité humaine, que ce soit l'emmêlement dans les filets de pêche ou la pollution par les hydrocarbures.
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Humpback whales will get the protection they need only if all Canadians work together to reduce threats. Find out more about humpback whales and be aware of man-made threats such as entanglement in fishing gear and oil pollution. Do your best to reduce these threats wherever possible to better protect the whales' critical habitat. Get involved with the Habitat Stewardship Program for Species at Risk (HSP) or another conservation organization.
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Ils ont été tués par milliers pour leur graisse. Devenue espèce protégée, la population de rorqual à bosse compte de nos jours près de 20 000 membres à travers le monde - soit 20 % de la population initiale.
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These giants of the deep are slow swimmers-making them easy targets for whalers in the first half of the 20th century. They were killed by the thousands for their blubber. Now protected, humpback populations have grown to nearly 20,000 worldwide-about 20 percent of their original numbers. Roughly 2,000 live in the northern Pacific today. But the protections must be maintained to ensure the long-term survival of this majestic species.
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Avec son dos noir et son ventre blanc, une gorge aux profondes rainures et de longues nageoires dentelées, le rorqual à bosse est facile à repérer. De petites bosses se trouvent sur la tête et le cou de l'animal, qui possède une nageoire dorsale près du centre du dos.
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With its black back and white belly, deeply grooved throat, and huge fluke, the humpback whale is easy to identify. Small bumps are found on the whale's head and neck, and a small dorsal fin near the centre of its back. Adults are between 14 and 19 metres long and weigh between 34,000 and 45,000 kilograms. The fluke of a male humpback can measure up to 80 centimetres across. The underside of each whale's fluke is colored black and white in a pattern that is as unique as a fingerprint.
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Avec son dos noir et son ventre blanc, une gorge aux profondes rainures et une longue nageoire caudale, le rorqual à bosse est facile à repérer. La tête et le cou de l'animal sont parsemés de petites bosses.
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With its black back and white belly, deeply grooved throat, and huge fluke, the humpback whale is easy to identify. Small bumps are found on the whale's head and neck, and a small dorsal fin near the centre of its back. Adults are between 14 and 19 metres long and weigh between 34,000 and 45,000 kilograms. The fluke of a male humpback can measure up to 80 centimetres across. The underside of each whale's fluke is colored black and white in a pattern that is as unique as a fingerprint. Humpback whales can live to between 45 and 50 years of age.
  Mammifères marins et to...  
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Les espèces qui ont fait l'objet d'interventions sont : le rorqual bleu, le rorqual à bosse, le rorqual commun, le rorqual boréal, la baleine grise du Pacifique, l'épaulard, la baleine noire de l'Atlantique Nord, le béluga, le dauphin à flancs blancs, le dauphin à nez blanc, le marsouin commun, le marsouin de Dall, l'otarie de Steller, la tortue luth, le requin-pèlerin, etc.
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A total of 1144 reports were received, which is an increase to last fiscal year's 966 reports. In 2008-2009 the responses to reported incidents was 40% and increased to 54 %, in 2009-2010 (see table 1). This demonstrates that the capacity to respond to incidents has improved as the program has developed. Species responded to included: Blue Whale, Humpback Whale, Fin Whale, Sei Whale, Pacific Grey Whale, Killer Whale, North Atlantic Right Whale, Beluga Whale, White-sided and White-beaked Dolphins, Harbour and Dall's Porpoises, Steller Sea Lions, Leatherback Turtles, Basking Sharks and more.
  Espèces aquatiques en p...  
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Comme d'autres baleines à fanons, le rorqual à bosse par exemple, le rorqual boréal n'a pas de dent; à la place, il a une série de fanons - appelés plaques de fanons - suspendus de chaque côté de la mâchoire supérieure.
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Sei whales feed primarily on plankton, but will also eat small fish and squid. Regardless of food species, however, sei whales seem to prefer prey that congregates in dense groups close to the surface. As with other baleen whales, such as the humpback, the sei has no teeth; instead it has a series of fringed plates-called baleen plates-hanging from each side of its upper jaw. During feeding, a sei swims near the surface with its mouth open. When the whale closes its mouth, the water is forced out and the baleen plates act as filters, trapping food on the inside ready to be swallowed.
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Les rorquals à bosse sont les plus bruyants et les plus ingénieux quand vient le temps d'émettre des mélodies. Les baleines chantent des ballades complexes, sinistres et très belles qui durent entre 10 et 20 minutes et qu'on peut entendre plus de 20 miles à la ronde.
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Humpbacks are the noisiest and most-imaginative of whales when it comes to song. The whales sing complex, eerie and beautiful ballads that last for between 10 and 20 minutes and can be heard more than 20 miles away. Today, we know more than ever about the song of the humpback. We know, for instance, that while both male and female humpbacks can produce sounds, only males appear to sing songs with distinct themes and melodies. Males almost always sing on breeding grounds, often while suspended deep below the surface with their long front flippers jutting rigidly from their sides. Male humpbacks frequently repeat the same song dozens of times over a period of several hours, and whales in the same geographic area sing in very similar 'dialects.' Song patterns change gradually over time, with new songs emerging every few years.
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Les rorquals à bosse sont les plus bruyants et les plus ingénieux quand vient le temps d'émettre des mélodies. Les baleines chantent des ballades complexes, sinistres et très belles qui durent entre 10 et 20 minutes et qu'on peut entendre plus de 20 miles à la ronde.
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Humpbacks are the noisiest and most-imaginative of whales when it comes to song. The whales sing complex, eerie and beautiful ballads that last for between 10 and 20 minutes and can be heard more than 20 miles away. Today, we know more than ever about the song of the humpback. We know, for instance, that while both male and female humpbacks can produce sounds, only males appear to sing songs with distinct themes and melodies. Males almost always sing on breeding grounds, often while suspended deep below the surface with their long front flippers jutting rigidly from their sides. Male humpbacks frequently repeat the same song dozens of times over a period of several hours, and whales in the same geographic area sing in very similar 'dialects.' Song patterns change gradually over time, with new songs emerging every few years.
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