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  Les toxines cyanobactér...  
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Les toxines cyanobactériennes -- Les microcystines-LR
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Cyanobacterial Toxins -- Microcystin-LR
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Microcystine LR :
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Microcystin-LR:
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4-A Microcystine-LR et autres
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4-A Microcystin LR and others
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La microcystine LR a été classée parmi les substances possiblement cancérogènes pour les humains.
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Microcystin-LR has been listed as a possible human carcinogen.
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Annexe A : Protocole séquentiel de détection de la microcystine-LR dans les approvisionnements d'eau servant à la consommation humaine
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Annex A: Stepwise Protocol for Microcystin-LR in Water Supplies Used for Human Consumption
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Mackay, W.C. Microcystin-LR levels in water supplies in the Peace River region, Alberta during 1998. Rapport final produit pour l'Administration du rétablissement agricole des Prairies, novembre (1998).
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Mackay, W.C. Microcystin-LR levels in water supplies in the Peace River region, Alberta during 1998. Final report prepared for the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration, November (1998).
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Ito, E., Kondo, F. et Harada, K.-I. Hepatic necrosis in aged mice by oral administration of microcystin-LR. Toxicon, 35(2): 231-239 (1997).
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Ito, E., Kondo, F. and Harada, K.-I. Hepatic necrosis in aged mice by oral administration of microcystin-LR. Toxicon, 35(2): 231-239 (1997).
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Ito, E., Kondo, F., Terao, K. et Harada, K.-I. Neoplastic nodular formation in mouse liver induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of microcystin-LR. Toxicon, 35(9): 1453-1457 (1997).
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Ito, E., Kondo, F., Terao, K. and Harada, K.-I. Neoplastic nodular formation in mouse liver induced by repeated intraperitoneal injections of microcystin-LR. Toxicon, 35(9): 1453-1457 (1997).
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Ueno, Y., Makita, Y., Nagata, S., Tsutsumi, T., Yoshida, F., Tamura, S. -L. , Sekijima, M., Tashiro, F., Harada, T. et Yoshida, T. No chronic oral toxicity of a low dose of microcystin-LR, a cyanobacterial hepatotoxin, in female BALB-c mice. Environ.
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Ueno, Y., Makita, Y., Nagata, S., Tsutsumi, T., Yoshida, F., Tamura, S.-L., Sekijima, M., Tashiro, F., Harada, T. and Yoshida, T. No chronic oral toxicity of a low dose of microcystin-LR, a cyanobacterial hepatotoxin, in female BALB-c mice. Environ. Toxicol., 14(1): 45-55 (1999).
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Nishiwaki-Matsushima, R., Ohta, T., Nishiwaki, S., Suganuma, M., Kohyama, K., Ishikawa, T., Carmichael, W.W. et Fujiki, H. Liver tumor promotion by the cyanobacterial cyclic peptide toxin microcystin LR.
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Nishiwaki-Matsushima, R., Ohta, T., Nishiwaki, S., Suganuma, M., Kohyama, K., Ishikawa, T., Carmichael, W.W. and Fujiki, H. Liver tumor promotion by the cyanobacterial cyclic peptide toxin microcystin LR. J. Cancer Res. Clin. Oncol., 118: 420-424 (1992).
  Comité fédéral-provinci...  
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Le secrétariat fait une présentation sur l'utilisation des trousses d'analyse des microcystines pour le terrain. Les membres discutent si la microcystine-LR est la meilleure toxine à cibler.
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The Secretariat gave a presentation on the use of the field test kits for microcystins. Members discussed whether Microcystin-LR was the best toxin to target.
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On a constaté que la microcystine-LR était un inhi-biteur puissant des protéines eucaryotes sérine/thréonine phosphatases 1 et 2A
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Microcystin-LR was found to be a potent inhibitor of eukaryotic protein serine/threonine phosphatases 1 and 2A both
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Eriksson, J.E., Grönberg, L., Nygård, S., Slotte, J.P. et Meriluoto, J.A.O. Hepatocellular uptake of 3H-dihydromicrocystin-LR, a cyclic peptide toxin. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1025: 60-66 (1990).
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Eriksson, J.E., Grönberg, L., Nygård, S., Slotte, J.P. and Meriluoto, J.A.O. Hepatocellular uptake of 3H-dihydromicrocystin-LR, a cyclic peptide toxin. Biochim. Biophys. Acta, 1025: 60-66 (1990).
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Robinson, N.A., Pace, J.G., Matson, C.F., Miura, G.A. et Lawrence, W.B. Tissue distribution, excretion and hepatic biotrans-formation of microcystin-LR in mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. , 256(1): 176-182 (1991).
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Robinson, N.A., Pace, J.G., Matson, C.F., Miura, G.A. and Lawrence, W.B. Tissue distribution, excretion and hepatic biotrans-formation of microcystin-LR in mice. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther., 256(1): 176-182 (1991).
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Meriluoto, J.A.O., Nygård, S.E., Dahlem, A.M. et Eriksson, J.E. Synthesis, organotropism and hepatocellular uptake of two tritium-labeled epimers of dihydromicrocystin-LR, a cyanobacterial peptide toxin analog.
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Meriluoto, J.A.O., Nygård, S.E., Dahlem, A.M. and Eriksson, J.E. Synthesis, organotropism and hepatocellular uptake of two tritium-labeled epimers of dihydromicrocystin-LR, a cyanobacterial peptide toxin analog. Toxicon, 28(12): 1439-1446 (1990).
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Robinson, N.A., Miura, G.A., Matson, C.F., Dinterman, R.E. et Pace, J.G. Characterization of chemically tritiated microcystin-LR and its distribution in mice. Toxicon, 27(9): 1035-1042 (1989).
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Robinson, N.A., Miura, G.A., Matson, C.F., Dinterman, R.E. and Pace, J.G. Characterization of chemically tritiated microcystin-LR and its distribution in mice. Toxicon, 27(9): 1035-1042 (1989).
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Fawell, J.K., James, C.P. et James, H.A. Toxins from blue-green algae: toxicological assessment of microcystin-LR and a method for its determination in water. Rapport No. FR 0359/2/DoE 3358/2, Water Research Centre, Medmenham, UK.
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Fawell, J.K., James, C.P. and James, H.A. Toxins from blue-green algae: toxicological assessment of microcystin-LR and a method for its determination in water. Report No. FR 0359/2/DoE 3358/2, Water Research Centre, Medmenham, UK. 46 pp. (1994).
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Le Secrétariat préparera un rapport sur les toxines cyanobactériennes pour la prochaine réunion afin de décrire l'état de la science et la possibilité d'utiliser une toxine autre que microcystine LR pour l'élaboration d'une recommandation.
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Secretariat to prepare report on cyanobacterial toxins for next meeting on the state of science and possibilities for using a toxin other than Microcystin LR for the basis of a guideline value, and to update WaterTalk on cyanobacteria.
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Williams, D.E., Craig, M., Dawe, S.C., Kent, M.L., Holmes, C.F.B. et Andersen, R.J. Evidence for a covalently bound form of microcystin-LR in salmon liver et dungeness crab larvae. Chem. Res. Toxicol.
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Williams, D.E., Craig, M., Dawe, S.C., Kent, M.L., Holmes, C.F.B. and Andersen, R.J. Evidence for a covalently bound form of microcystin-LR in salmon liver and dungeness crab larvae. Chem. Res. Toxicol., 10: 463-469 (1997).
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Honkanen, R.E., Zwiller, J., Moore, R.E., Daily, S.L., Khatra, B.S., Dukelow, M. et Boynton, A.L. Characterization of microcystin-LR, a potent inhibitor of type 1 et type 2a protein phosphatases. J. Biol.
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Honkanen, R.E., Zwiller, J., Moore, R.E., Daily, S.L., Khatra, B.S., Dukelow, M. and Boynton, A.L. Characterization of microcystin-LR, a potent inhibitor of type 1 and type 2a protein phosphatases. J. Biol. Chem., 265(32): 19401-19404 (1990).
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MacKintosh, C., Beattie, K.A., Klumpp, S., Cohen, P. et Codd, G.A. Cyanobacterial microcystin-LR is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A from both mammals and higher plants.
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MacKintosh, C., Beattie, K.A., Klumpp, S., Cohen, P. and Codd, G.A. Cyanobacterial microcystin-LR is a potent and specific inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A from both mammals and higher plants. FEBS Lett., 264(2): 187-192 (1990).
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Nishiwaki, R., Ohta, T., Sueoka, E., Suganuma, M., Harada, K. -I. , Watanabe, M.F. et Fujiki, H. Two significant aspects of microcystin-LR: specific binding and liver specificity. Cancer Lett. , 83:283-289 (1994).
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Nishiwaki, R., Ohta, T., Sueoka, E., Suganuma, M., Harada, K.-I., Watanabe, M.F. and Fujiki, H. Two significant aspects of microcystin-LR: specific binding and liver specificity. Cancer Lett., 83:283-289 (1994).
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Cousins, I.T., Bealing, D.J., James, H.A. et Sutton, A. Biodegradation of microcystin-LR by indigenous mixed bacterial populations. Water Res., 30(2): 481-485 (1996).
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Cousins, I.T., Bealing, D.J., James, H.A. and Sutton, A. Biodegradation of microcystin-LR by indigenous mixed bacterial populations. Water Res., 30(2): 481-485 (1996).
  Sommaire de l'atelier d...  
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Le programme de recherche de M. Charbonneau est axé sur l'étude des mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires des effets de l'hexachlorobenzène et d'autres polluants organiques persistants sur le développement du cancer du sein, et des mécanismes moléculaires et cellulaires du développement du cancer du foie induit par l'hexachlorobenzène et la microcystine-LR.
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Doctor Charbonneau received his Ph.D. in Pharmacology from the Université de Montréal and completed a post-doctoral fellowship at CIIT under the direction of Dr. James Swenberg. He is now a Professor of Toxicology at INRS-Institut Armand-Frappier, Université du Québec à Montréal and the Director of the Quebec Environmental Health Research Network, an arm of the Quebec Health Research Council (FRSQ). Doctor Charbonneau's current research program focuses on investigating the molecular and cellular mechanisms for the effects of hexachlorobenzene and other persistent organic pollutants on human breast cancer development and the molecular and cellular mechanisms of hexacholorobenzene and microcystin LR-induced liver cancer. He has also participated in a research project studying the toxicokinetics of acetaldehyde and ethanol after inhalation exposure in rats.
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Lambert, T.W., Holmes, C.F.B. et Hrudey, S.E. Adsorption of microcystin-LR by activated carbon and removal in full scale water treatment. Water Res., 30(6): 1411-1422 (1996).
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Lambert, T.W., Holmes, C.F.B. and Hrudey, S.E. Adsorption of microcystin-LR by activated carbon and removal in full scale water treatment. Water Res., 30(6): 1411-1422 (1996).
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.97 ont signalé que la DL50de la microcystine-LR administrée par voie orale (gavage) (10,0 mg/kg p.c.) chez les souris âgées de six semaines était 167 fois plus élevée que la valeur intra-péritonéale (65,4 µg/kg p.c.).
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.97 reported that the LD50 for orally (gavage) administered (10.0 mg/kg bw) microcystin-LR in six-week-old mice was 167 times higher than the intraperitoneal value (65.4 µg/kg bw). Histologically, both routes of administration resulted in similar types of injuries to hepatocytes, including haemorrhage and necrosis.
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Fawell, J.K., Mitchell, R.E., Everett, D.J. et Hill, R.E. The toxicity of cyanobacterial toxins in the mouse: I microcystin-LR. Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 18(3): 162-167 (1999).
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Fawell, J.K., Mitchell, R.E., Everett, D.J. and Hill, R.E. The toxicity of cyanobacterial toxins in the mouse: I microcystin-LR. Hum. Exp. Toxicol., 18(3): 162-167 (1999).
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Kotak, B.G., Lam, A.K-Y., Prepas, E.E., Kenefick, S.L. et Hrudey, S.E. Variability of the hepatotoxin microcystin-LR in hyper-eutrophic drinking water lakes. J. Phycol., 31: 248-263 (1995).
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Kotak, B.G., Lam, A.K-Y., Prepas, E.E., Kenefick, S.L. and Hrudey, S.E. Variability of the hepatotoxin microcystin-LR in hyper-eutrophic drinking water lakes. J. Phycol., 31: 248-263 (1995).
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Mackay, W.C. A preliminary study of microcystin-LR in dug-outs which supply water for domestic use in Northern Alberta --1997. Rapport final produit pour l'Administration du rétablissement agricole des Prairies, juin (1998).
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Mackay, W.C. A preliminary study of microcystin-LR in dug-outs which supply water for domestic use in Northern Alberta --1997. Final report prepared for the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Administration, June (1998).
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Hart, J. et Stott, P. Microcystin-LR removal from water. Report FR0367, Foundation for Water Research, Marlow, UK (1993), cited in reference 7.
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Hart, J. and Stott, P. Microcystin-LR removal from water. Report FR0367, Foundation for Water Research, Marlow, UK (1993), cited in reference 7.
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Yoshida, T., Makita, Y., Nagata, S., Tsutsumi, T., Yoshida, F., Sekijima, M., Tamura, S. -I. et Ueno, Y. Acute oral toxicity of microcystin-LR, a cyanobacterial hepatotoxin, in mice. Nat. Toxins, 5: 91-95 (1997).
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Yoshida, T., Makita, Y., Nagata, S., Tsutsumi, T., Yoshida, F., Sekijima, M., Tamura, S.-I. and Ueno, Y. Acute oral toxicity of microcystin-LR, a cyanobacterial hepatotoxin, in mice. Nat. Toxins, 5: 91-95 (1997).
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Jones, G., Gurney, S. et Rocan, D. Blue-green algae et microcystin-LR in surface water supplies of southwestern Manitoba. Manitoba Environment Report No. 98-06, Manitoba Environment. 82 pp. (1998).
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Jones, G., Gurney, S. and Rocan, D. Blue-green algae and microcystin-LR in surface water supplies of southwestern Manitoba. Manitoba Environment Report No. 98-06, Manitoba Environment. 82 pp. (1998).
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Robinson, N.A., Matson, C.F. et Pace, J.G. Association of microcystin-LR and its biotransformation product with a hepatic-cytosolic protein. J. Biochem. Toxicol., 6(3): 171-180 (1991).
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Robinson, N.A., Matson, C.F. and Pace, J.G. Association of microcystin-LR and its biotransformation product with a hepatic-cytosolic protein. J. Biochem. Toxicol., 6(3): 171-180 (1991).
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Hooser, S.B., Beasley, V.R., Basgall, E.J., Carmichael, W.W. et Haschek, W.M. Microcystin-LR-induced ultrastructural changes in rats. Vet. Pathol., 27: 9-15 (1990).
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Hooser, S.B., Beasley, V.R., Basgall, E.J., Carmichael, W.W. and Haschek, W.M. Microcystin-LR-induced ultrastructural changes in rats. Vet. Pathol., 27: 9-15 (1990).
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La microcystine-LR est extrêmement toxique après une exposition aiguë. Des animaux qui avaient consom-mé de l'eau contenant beaucoup (>106/mL) de cellules cyanobactériennes1 sont morts. La DL50par voie intrapéritonéale est d'environ 25 à 150 µg/kg p.c. chez la souris.
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The LD50 by the intraperitoneal route is approximately 25-150 µg/kg bw in mice; the oral (by gavage) 94,95 LD50is 5000 µg/kg bw in mice and higher in rats.This indicates that, even by the oral route, micro-cystin-LR is extremely toxic in mice following acute exposure; intraperitoneal injection is 30-100 times more toxic. Thus, a significant amount of microcystin-LR escapes the effects of peptidases in the stomach and is absorbed. The oral LD50 of a toxic
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La DL50par voie intrapéritonéale de plusieurs des microcystines les plus courantes (microcystines-LA, -YR et -YM) est semblable à celle de la microcystine-LR, mais la DL50par voie intrapéritonéale de la microcystine-RR est environ 10 fois plus élevée98,99.
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The intraperitoneal LD50s of several of the commonly occurring microcystins (microcystin-LA, -YR and -YM) are similar to that of microcystin-LR, but the intraperitoneal LD50for microcystin-RR is about 10-fold higher.98,99 However, because of differences in lipo-philicity and polarity between the different microcystins, it cannot be presumed that the intraperitoneal LD50will predict toxicity after oral administration.
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La microcystine-LR est extrêmement toxique après une exposition aiguë. Des animaux qui avaient consom-mé de l'eau contenant beaucoup (>106/mL) de cellules cyanobactériennes1 sont morts. La DL50par voie intrapéritonéale est d'environ 25 à 150 µg/kg p.c. chez la souris.
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The LD50 by the intraperitoneal route is approximately 25-150 µg/kg bw in mice; the oral (by gavage) 94,95 LD50is 5000 µg/kg bw in mice and higher in rats.This indicates that, even by the oral route, micro-cystin-LR is extremely toxic in mice following acute exposure; intraperitoneal injection is 30-100 times more toxic. Thus, a significant amount of microcystin-LR escapes the effects of peptidases in the stomach and is absorbed. The oral LD50 of a toxic
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