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Keybot 41 Results  www.listeriosis-listeriose.investigation-enquete.gc.ca
  Liste des produits - No...  
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Ail
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Anise
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Le nématode du collet ou nématode des tiges et des bulbes (Ditylenchus dipsaci) est un ravageur de quarantaine dans de nombreux pays. Depuis quelques années, il inflige des pertes économiques importantes aux producteurs d’ail de l’Ontario, au Canada.
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Ditylenchus dipsaci, the stem nematode or the stem and bulb nematode, is a quarantine nematode pest for many countries. In recent years, it has become a serious pest on garlic in Ontario, Canada. Morphological studies revealed that this Canadian population has some interesting morphological variations from the classical description of the nomenclature types: the cuticle has longitudinal ridges; the lateral fields are flanked by areas in which some striae do not reach the lateral field; hemizonid is 1-3 annules anterior to the excretory pore; the anterior end of the bursa is 20 μm from the proximal end of the spicules; and some old males and females have needle-like crystals in the vas deferens and spermatheca, respectively. Other morphological characters match with the description of the type. The ITS sequence had a 100% match to sequences of many isolates from Europe and Asia. Phylogenetic study of the ITS sequence places this population in a well-supported monophylic clade with other populations associated with various crops in Europe and elsewhere.
  Lutte biologique contre...  
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Des producteurs d'ail et d'oignons de la région ont constaté que des dommages considérables avaient été causés à leurs cultures et des investigations ont permis de relever jusqu'à neuf larves matures par plant dans certains champs.
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(Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae) is an invasive alien species which has recently become established in the Ottawa valley region, and continues to expand its range. Local garlic and onion growers have noted significant damage to their crops and surveys recorded up to nine mature larvae per plant in some fields. In Europe, where the leek moth originated, damage of upwards of 70% of leeks and 40-50% of onions has been experienced in some regions. Damage is caused when young larvae mine the green leaves and mature larvae penetrate the young leaves, flower stalk or inflorescence of the host plant. Apart from loss of produce value due to visible damage, the larval feeding also causes reductions in plant growth, and thus affects yield.
  L'Industrie canadienne ...  
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L'ail, le clou de girofle, la sauge, l'origan, par exemple, se sont montrés efficaces pour vaincre certaines souches de la bactérie E.coli dans la viande, alors que d'autres épices telles que la cannelle peuvent empêcher le développement de bactéries E.Coli dans les jus.
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Not only are spices used as a flavour enhancer, but they have also long been known to have antimicrobial effectiveness because of phenolic and other properties which are present. Garlic, clove, sage, oregano and others, for example, have been found to be effective in controlling certain strains of E. coli in meat, while other spices such as cinnamon can inhibit E. coli growth in juices. The phenolic compounds in some spices can also function as antioxidants in products such as beverages and meats. Seasonings also hold functional properties such as thickening, emulsifying, preserving, tenderizing and colouring foods or beverages.
  Ce que nous faisons pou...  
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Cette méthode naturelle, sans pasteurisation ni ajout de produits chimiques, permet de conserver les légumes (fleurs d'ail, choucroute, kimchi ...) plus d'un an, croquants, frais et légèrement acidulés.
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Fermentation of vegetables (cabbage made into sauerkraut, for example) is a millennia-old conservation method. At the Food Research and Development Centre, in Saint-Hyacinthe, Quebec, mixed lactic ferments have been developed that are capable of preventing the secondary fermentation that caused bags of organic vegetables to inflate. This natural method, without pasteurization or the addition of chemicals, makes it possible to preserve vegetables (garlic flowers, cabbage as sauerkraut, various vegetables as kimchi...) for over a year, keeping them crunchy and fresh, with a lightly sour taste. User sub-licences already exist with a number of countries: Hungary, Japan, Germany, the United States, the United Kingdom and Latvia.
  Dissémination de Diadro...  
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, est une espèce exotique envahissante venue d'Europe qui s'est établie dans l'est de l'Ontario ainsi qu'à certains endroits du Québec et qui continue de se propager. Les larves de ce parasite grignotent les feuilles des cultures d'ail, de poireau et d'oignon, ce qui endommage les plantes et les rend parfois invendables.
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, is an invasive alien species from Europe which has become established in eastern Ontario and parts of Quebec and is continuing to expand its range. The leek moth larva mines into the leaves of garlic, leeks and onions damaging the plant, sometimes rendering it unmarketable. Growers are concerned that this new pest will jeopardize their ability to continue producing garlic, leeks and onions using an environmentally low impact approach.
  Mises en garde au sujet...  
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L'ail, par exemple, est surtout vendu comme condiment (c'est-à-dire comme aliment), mais il est le plus souvent annoncé comme médicament qui abaisse le taux de cholestérol et a d'autres vertus thérapeutiques.
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Commercial drugs may not be present in THMs. THMs can be marketed in Canada as over-the-counter drugs intended to treat given ailments, if certain conditions are met, such as scientific proof of efficacy, standardization of dosage, a statement of contraindications, and proof of adherence to acceptable manufacturing and quality standards.
  Dissémination de Diadro...  
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, est une espèce exotique envahissante venue d'Europe qui s'est établie dans l'est de l'Ontario ainsi qu'à certains endroits du Québec et qui continue de se propager. Les larves de ce parasite grignotent les feuilles des cultures d'ail, de poireau et d'oignon, ce qui endommage les plantes et les rend parfois invendables.
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, is an invasive alien species from Europe which has become established in eastern Ontario and parts of Quebec and is continuing to expand its range. The leek moth larva mines into the leaves of garlic, leeks and onions damaging the plant, sometimes rendering it unmarketable. Growers are concerned that this new pest will jeopardize their ability to continue producing garlic, leeks and onions using an environmentally low impact approach.
  La teigne du poireau, A...  
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Les récoltes des producteurs d'ail et d'oignons de cette région ont subi des dommages importants, et les études sur le terrain ont révélé la présence, dans certains champs, de larves matures dont le nombre pouvait atteindre jusqu'à neuf par plante.
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(Lepidoptera: Acrolepiidae), an invasive alien species has recently established in the Ottawa valley region. Local garlic and onion growers noted significant damage to their crops and surveys recorded up to nine mature larvae per plant in some fields.  In Europe, cultivated Allium plants, particularly leek and onion, are frequently attacked by leek moth. Damage is caused when young larvae mine the green leaves and mature larvae penetrate the young leaves, the flower stalk or the inflorescence of the host plant. Larval feeding on the parenchyma causes a reduction in plant growth and if larvae are numerous, weakening or withering of the plant can occur. On old leaves, open galleries decrease the economic value of the plant. Without control, moth populations can reach such high levels that by the third generation 100% of plants are damaged.
  Le cybermagazine Agri-s...  
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Le kimchi est un plat à base de chou saumuré, de daikon ou de concombre saumuré, de chili, d'ail, de gingembre et de pâte de crevettes. Les ingrédients peuvent varier à l'occasion, mais le produit fini dépend d'une légère fermentation qui marie les saveurs à la perfection.
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It's this: the market prefers a kimchi that is lightly fermented, sort of like our half-sour dill pickles, or maybe a beaujolais primeur. But interrupting the fermentation process has a big impact on keeping qualities, giving it only a month on the shelf. That's a small window which puts big limitations on transporting and storing the product.
  Recettes : Les saveurs ...  
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2 gousses d'ail hachées finement
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1 tbsp (15 mL) canola oil
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Gagnon, D. 1993. L'étude démographique du ginseng à cinq folioles et de l'ail des bois. L'Euskarien (Société Provancher d'histoire naturelle du Canada) 15 (hiver 1993) : 33-36.
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Jo, J., Blazich, F.A., and Konsler, T.R. 1988. Postharvest seed maturation of American ginseng: stratification temperatures and delay of stratification. Hortscience 23(6 part 1): 995-997.
  Lutte biologique contre...  
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Élaborer et mettre en oeuvre un système classique de lutte biologique contre la teigne du poireau, un phytoravageur envahissant qui s'attaque aux oignons, aux poireaux et à l'ail
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To develop and implement a classical biological control system for management of leek moth, an invasive pest on onions, leeks and garlic
  La teigne du poireau, A...  
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Mettre au point une stratégie de contrôle intégrée comprenant des insecticides à risque réduit pour gérer les teignes du poireau, une espèce envahissante des oignons, des poireaux et de l'ail.
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To develop an integrated control strategy involving reduced-risk insecticides for management of Leek Moth, an invasive alien pest of onions, leeks, and garlic.
  Soupe à l'orge et aux l...  
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1 gousse d'ail, hachée fin
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1 garlic clove, minced
  Recettes : Les saveurs ...  
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2 gousses d'ail hachées
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2 cups (500 mL) carrots, diced
  Soupe à l'orge et aux l...  
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Faire sauter les oignons et l'ail dans l'huile. Ajouter le gingembre, le paprika et le curcuma et laisser cuire pendant une minute.
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Sauté onions and garlic in oil. Stir in ginger, paprika and turmeric and cook 1 minute.
  Cartes sur l'innovation...  
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De succulents produits alimentaires apparaissent chaque année sur les tablettes des épiceries : beurre de homard, mousses desserts à base de soya, yogourts ultra-concentrés en probiotiques, lait enrichi en oméga-3, foie gras de canard, choucroute et fleurs d'ail biologiques, et plusieurs autres.
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Before the IViDiS, no one could say for sure that probiotics survived the conditions present in the stomach. No one knew if the various pasta manufacturing processes had an impact on their digestibility, or if flaxseed oil could be added to bread without losing its health-promoting bioactive principles.
  Evaluation of the toxic...  
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RÉSULTATS : Parmi les 17 huiles essentielles étudiées, l’huile de patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) et l’huile de thym (Thymus vulgaris L.) ont été sélectionnées en vue d’essais plus approfondis contre le C. rosaceana, tandis que l’huile de patchouli, l’huile d’ail (Allium sativum L.) et l’huile de lemon-grass (Cymopogon nardus L.) l’ont été en vue d’essais plus poussés contre le T. ni.
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Background: The obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana Harris, and the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni Hübner, are serious fruit and vegetable pests requiring multiple insecticide applications per year. To reduce non-target exposure to hazardous insecticides and to curb resistance development, alternative controls are required. Accordingly, a selection of 17 essential oils was screened against both lepidopteran pests, and the influence of azinphos-methyl resistance on essential oil toxicity to C. rosaceana was studied. RESULTS: Of the 17 essential oils screened, patchouli oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) and thyme oil (Thymus vulgaris L.) were selected for further testing against C. rosaceana, whereas patchouli oil, garlic oil (Allium sativum L.) and lemongrass oil (Cymopogon nardus L.) were selected for further testing against T. ni. LC50 and LD50 values confirmed that patchouli oil was the most toxic to C. rosaceana larvae, with LC50 = 2.8 µL mL-1 and LD50 = 8.0 µg insect-1. Garlic oil was the most toxic oil to T. ni larvae with LC50 = 3.3 µL mL-1 and LD50 = 22.7 µg insect-1, followed by patchouli oil and lemongrass oil. Azinphos-methyl-resistant leafrollers were 1.5-fold more tolerant to patchouli oil and 2.0-fold more tolerant to thyme oil. Conclusions: Based on these results, patchouli oil and other essential oils have sufficient efficacy to be considered as components of an essential oil-based insecticide that targets these lepidopteran pests.
  Discovery of Potato Rot...  
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Le nématode de la pourriture des racines (Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, 1945) est un important ravageur des parties souterraines (racines, tubercules et bulbes) de diverses plantes cultivées, en particulier la pomme de terre, et est reconnu à l’échelle internationale comme un ravageur de quarantaine. Sa présence chez l’ail a été mentionnée seulement récemment au Japon.
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Potato rot nematode, Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, 1945, is a serious nematode pest in a number of root and tube crops, primarily in potatoes, and is an internationally quarantined pest. In garlic, it was only reported in Japan. In 2011, a survey was conducted for the stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn) Filipjev in Ontario, Canada. PCR analysis revealed that a population of Ditylenchus from one garlic (Allium sativum) bulb sample in a 0.81-ha field (2-acre) in the Ottawa area had a significantly longer ITS1 (approximately 100 bp) than that of D. dipsaci. Subsequent morphology and DNA sequencing concluded that the population was Ditylenchus destructor, a quarantine species in Canada. Twenty females and twenty males were fixed and permanently mounted for morphological studies. The main diagnostic characters matched the description of D. destructor by Thorne. The female stylets had strong knobs, 11.1 ± 0.9 (10 to 12) μm long, lateral fields with six distinct lines in the middle section of the body, excretory pore 4.7 ± 1.3 (3 to 6) μm posterior to the hemizonid, esophageal base bulb overlaps dorsally with the intestine, post-vulval uterine sac extends up to two-thirds of the vulva-anus distance, and tail terminus finely rounded. A total of 20 nematode individuals were used for the molecular studies. They had 5-bp differences with the ITS1 (GenBank Accession No. EF208210; 650 bp) sequence of an isolate from Sihong County, China. The sequence of the partial 18S gene (GenBank Accession No. AY593912; 864 bp) was identical to the sequence of an isolate of D. destructor in the Netherlands. The detection of stem and bulb nematode was also confirmed from the field. Infested garlic plants were stunted and the basal bulbs became dark and somewhat rotten. Prior to this finding in Canada, D. destructor was only reported in a few isolated locations in the province of Prince Edward Island (PEI) in 194. The nematodes in PEI were effectively controlled. Another suspected case in British Columbia was not confirmed since the infested field had been known to be infested with D. dipsaci. To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. destructor on the mainland of Canada. The infested field has been subjected to strict quarantine measures to prevent the spread of the pest.
  Garlic extracts prevent...  
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La présente étude cherche à déterminer le potentiel des extraits de peau et de chair d’une variété d’ail rocambole (ail violet à tige dure) dans la prévention de l’hypertrophie des cardiomyocytes et de la mort cellulaire.
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Background: In ancient times, plants were recognized for their medicinal properties. Later, the arrival of synthetic drugs pushed it to the backstage. However, from being merely used for food, plants are now been widely explored for their therapeutic value. The current study explores the potential of skin and flesh extracts from a hard-necked Rocambole variety of purple garlic in preventing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell death. Methods: Norepinephrine (NE) was used to induce hypertrophy in adult rat cardiomyocytes pretreated with garlic skin and flesh extracts. Cell death was measured as ratio of rod to round shaped cardiomyocytes. Fluorescent probes were used to measure apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes treated with and without extracts and NE. Pharmacological blockade of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were used to elucidate the mechanism of action of garlic extracts. Garlic extract samples were also tested for alliin and allicin concentrations. Results: Exposure of cardiomyocytes to NE induced an increase in cell size and cell death; this increase was significantly prevented upon treatment with garlic skin and flesh extracts. Norepinephrine increased apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes which was prevented upon pretreatment with skin and flesh extracts; NO, and H2S blockers significantly inhibited this beneficial effect. Allicin and alliin concentration were significantly higher in garlic flesh extract when compared to the skin extract. Conclusion: These results suggest that both skin and flesh garlic extracts are effective in preventing NE induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell death. Reduction in oxidative stress may also play an important role in the anti-hypertrophic and anti-apoptotic properties of garlic extracts. These beneficial effects may in part be mediated by NO and H2S.
  Essential oils and oppo...  
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La plupart de ces études ont été effectuées in vitro et étaient de courte durée. Les huiles essentielles de thym, d’origan, de cannelle, d’ail, de raifort, de rhubarbe et de nerprun ont fait diminuer la production in vitro de CH4 de façon proportionnelle à la dose administrée.
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The well documented antimicrobial activity of essential oils has prompted interest in whether these bioactive compounds can be used to selectively inhibit rumen methanogenesis. A number of studies have recently evaluated the ability of essential oils to reduce enteric CH4 production. Most studies conducted have been in vitro and short term. Essential oils derived from thyme, oregano, cinnamon, garlic, horse radish, rhubarb and frangula have decreased CH4 production in vitro in a dose dependent manner. However, inhibition of CH4 production occurred at high doses (i.e., >300 mg/L of culture fluid) and was, in many cases, associated with a decrease in total volatile fatty acid concentrations and feed digestion. Some essential oils, such as garlic, cinnamon, rhubarb and frangula, may exert a direct effect on methanogens. Evidence for in vivo antimicrobial activity of essential oils has been equivocal to date, probably because of the capacity of rumen microbes to adapt and degrade these secondary metabolites. Further, many of the concentrations of essential oils that have favourably affected rumen fermentation in vitro are too high for in vivo use as they would likely have deleterious effects on efficiency of rumen fermentation, palatability and possibly cause toxicity. Based on available results, it appears that some essential oils (e.g., garlic and its derivatives and cinnamon) reduce CH4 production in vitro. However, there is a need for in vivo investigation to determine whether these compounds can be used successfully to inhibit rumen methanogenesis. The challenge remains to identify essential oils that selectively inhibit rumen methanogenesis at practical feeding rates, with lasting effects and without depressing feed digestion and animal productivity.
  Garlic extracts prevent...  
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La présente étude cherche à déterminer le potentiel des extraits de peau et de chair d’une variété d’ail rocambole (ail violet à tige dure) dans la prévention de l’hypertrophie des cardiomyocytes et de la mort cellulaire.
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Background: In ancient times, plants were recognized for their medicinal properties. Later, the arrival of synthetic drugs pushed it to the backstage. However, from being merely used for food, plants are now been widely explored for their therapeutic value. The current study explores the potential of skin and flesh extracts from a hard-necked Rocambole variety of purple garlic in preventing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell death. Methods: Norepinephrine (NE) was used to induce hypertrophy in adult rat cardiomyocytes pretreated with garlic skin and flesh extracts. Cell death was measured as ratio of rod to round shaped cardiomyocytes. Fluorescent probes were used to measure apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes treated with and without extracts and NE. Pharmacological blockade of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were used to elucidate the mechanism of action of garlic extracts. Garlic extract samples were also tested for alliin and allicin concentrations. Results: Exposure of cardiomyocytes to NE induced an increase in cell size and cell death; this increase was significantly prevented upon treatment with garlic skin and flesh extracts. Norepinephrine increased apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes which was prevented upon pretreatment with skin and flesh extracts; NO, and H2S blockers significantly inhibited this beneficial effect. Allicin and alliin concentration were significantly higher in garlic flesh extract when compared to the skin extract. Conclusion: These results suggest that both skin and flesh garlic extracts are effective in preventing NE induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell death. Reduction in oxidative stress may also play an important role in the anti-hypertrophic and anti-apoptotic properties of garlic extracts. These beneficial effects may in part be mediated by NO and H2S.
  Garlic extracts prevent...  
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La présente étude cherche à déterminer le potentiel des extraits de peau et de chair d’une variété d’ail rocambole (ail violet à tige dure) dans la prévention de l’hypertrophie des cardiomyocytes et de la mort cellulaire.
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigenlisteriosis-listeriose.investigation-enquete.gc.ca als Prioritätsdomäne definieren
Background: In ancient times, plants were recognized for their medicinal properties. Later, the arrival of synthetic drugs pushed it to the backstage. However, from being merely used for food, plants are now been widely explored for their therapeutic value. The current study explores the potential of skin and flesh extracts from a hard-necked Rocambole variety of purple garlic in preventing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell death. Methods: Norepinephrine (NE) was used to induce hypertrophy in adult rat cardiomyocytes pretreated with garlic skin and flesh extracts. Cell death was measured as ratio of rod to round shaped cardiomyocytes. Fluorescent probes were used to measure apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes treated with and without extracts and NE. Pharmacological blockade of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were used to elucidate the mechanism of action of garlic extracts. Garlic extract samples were also tested for alliin and allicin concentrations. Results: Exposure of cardiomyocytes to NE induced an increase in cell size and cell death; this increase was significantly prevented upon treatment with garlic skin and flesh extracts. Norepinephrine increased apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes which was prevented upon pretreatment with skin and flesh extracts; NO, and H2S blockers significantly inhibited this beneficial effect. Allicin and alliin concentration were significantly higher in garlic flesh extract when compared to the skin extract. Conclusion: These results suggest that both skin and flesh garlic extracts are effective in preventing NE induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell death. Reduction in oxidative stress may also play an important role in the anti-hypertrophic and anti-apoptotic properties of garlic extracts. These beneficial effects may in part be mediated by NO and H2S.
  Garlic extracts prevent...  
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La présente étude cherche à déterminer le potentiel des extraits de peau et de chair d’une variété d’ail rocambole (ail violet à tige dure) dans la prévention de l’hypertrophie des cardiomyocytes et de la mort cellulaire.
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigenlisteriosis-listeriose.investigation-enquete.gc.ca als Prioritätsdomäne definieren
Background: In ancient times, plants were recognized for their medicinal properties. Later, the arrival of synthetic drugs pushed it to the backstage. However, from being merely used for food, plants are now been widely explored for their therapeutic value. The current study explores the potential of skin and flesh extracts from a hard-necked Rocambole variety of purple garlic in preventing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell death. Methods: Norepinephrine (NE) was used to induce hypertrophy in adult rat cardiomyocytes pretreated with garlic skin and flesh extracts. Cell death was measured as ratio of rod to round shaped cardiomyocytes. Fluorescent probes were used to measure apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes treated with and without extracts and NE. Pharmacological blockade of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were used to elucidate the mechanism of action of garlic extracts. Garlic extract samples were also tested for alliin and allicin concentrations. Results: Exposure of cardiomyocytes to NE induced an increase in cell size and cell death; this increase was significantly prevented upon treatment with garlic skin and flesh extracts. Norepinephrine increased apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes which was prevented upon pretreatment with skin and flesh extracts; NO, and H2S blockers significantly inhibited this beneficial effect. Allicin and alliin concentration were significantly higher in garlic flesh extract when compared to the skin extract. Conclusion: These results suggest that both skin and flesh garlic extracts are effective in preventing NE induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell death. Reduction in oxidative stress may also play an important role in the anti-hypertrophic and anti-apoptotic properties of garlic extracts. These beneficial effects may in part be mediated by NO and H2S.
  Essential oils and oppo...  
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La plupart de ces études ont été effectuées in vitro et étaient de courte durée. Les huiles essentielles de thym, d’origan, de cannelle, d’ail, de raifort, de rhubarbe et de nerprun ont fait diminuer la production in vitro de CH4 de façon proportionnelle à la dose administrée.
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigenlisteriosis-listeriose.investigation-enquete.gc.ca als Prioritätsdomäne definieren
The well documented antimicrobial activity of essential oils has prompted interest in whether these bioactive compounds can be used to selectively inhibit rumen methanogenesis. A number of studies have recently evaluated the ability of essential oils to reduce enteric CH4 production. Most studies conducted have been in vitro and short term. Essential oils derived from thyme, oregano, cinnamon, garlic, horse radish, rhubarb and frangula have decreased CH4 production in vitro in a dose dependent manner. However, inhibition of CH4 production occurred at high doses (i.e., >300 mg/L of culture fluid) and was, in many cases, associated with a decrease in total volatile fatty acid concentrations and feed digestion. Some essential oils, such as garlic, cinnamon, rhubarb and frangula, may exert a direct effect on methanogens. Evidence for in vivo antimicrobial activity of essential oils has been equivocal to date, probably because of the capacity of rumen microbes to adapt and degrade these secondary metabolites. Further, many of the concentrations of essential oils that have favourably affected rumen fermentation in vitro are too high for in vivo use as they would likely have deleterious effects on efficiency of rumen fermentation, palatability and possibly cause toxicity. Based on available results, it appears that some essential oils (e.g., garlic and its derivatives and cinnamon) reduce CH4 production in vitro. However, there is a need for in vivo investigation to determine whether these compounds can be used successfully to inhibit rumen methanogenesis. The challenge remains to identify essential oils that selectively inhibit rumen methanogenesis at practical feeding rates, with lasting effects and without depressing feed digestion and animal productivity.
  Garlic extracts prevent...  
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La présente étude cherche à déterminer le potentiel des extraits de peau et de chair d’une variété d’ail rocambole (ail violet à tige dure) dans la prévention de l’hypertrophie des cardiomyocytes et de la mort cellulaire.
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Background: In ancient times, plants were recognized for their medicinal properties. Later, the arrival of synthetic drugs pushed it to the backstage. However, from being merely used for food, plants are now been widely explored for their therapeutic value. The current study explores the potential of skin and flesh extracts from a hard-necked Rocambole variety of purple garlic in preventing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell death. Methods: Norepinephrine (NE) was used to induce hypertrophy in adult rat cardiomyocytes pretreated with garlic skin and flesh extracts. Cell death was measured as ratio of rod to round shaped cardiomyocytes. Fluorescent probes were used to measure apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes treated with and without extracts and NE. Pharmacological blockade of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were used to elucidate the mechanism of action of garlic extracts. Garlic extract samples were also tested for alliin and allicin concentrations. Results: Exposure of cardiomyocytes to NE induced an increase in cell size and cell death; this increase was significantly prevented upon treatment with garlic skin and flesh extracts. Norepinephrine increased apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes which was prevented upon pretreatment with skin and flesh extracts; NO, and H2S blockers significantly inhibited this beneficial effect. Allicin and alliin concentration were significantly higher in garlic flesh extract when compared to the skin extract. Conclusion: These results suggest that both skin and flesh garlic extracts are effective in preventing NE induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell death. Reduction in oxidative stress may also play an important role in the anti-hypertrophic and anti-apoptotic properties of garlic extracts. These beneficial effects may in part be mediated by NO and H2S.
  Garlic extracts prevent...  
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La présente étude cherche à déterminer le potentiel des extraits de peau et de chair d’une variété d’ail rocambole (ail violet à tige dure) dans la prévention de l’hypertrophie des cardiomyocytes et de la mort cellulaire.
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Background: In ancient times, plants were recognized for their medicinal properties. Later, the arrival of synthetic drugs pushed it to the backstage. However, from being merely used for food, plants are now been widely explored for their therapeutic value. The current study explores the potential of skin and flesh extracts from a hard-necked Rocambole variety of purple garlic in preventing cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell death. Methods: Norepinephrine (NE) was used to induce hypertrophy in adult rat cardiomyocytes pretreated with garlic skin and flesh extracts. Cell death was measured as ratio of rod to round shaped cardiomyocytes. Fluorescent probes were used to measure apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes treated with and without extracts and NE. Pharmacological blockade of nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were used to elucidate the mechanism of action of garlic extracts. Garlic extract samples were also tested for alliin and allicin concentrations. Results: Exposure of cardiomyocytes to NE induced an increase in cell size and cell death; this increase was significantly prevented upon treatment with garlic skin and flesh extracts. Norepinephrine increased apoptosis and oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes which was prevented upon pretreatment with skin and flesh extracts; NO, and H2S blockers significantly inhibited this beneficial effect. Allicin and alliin concentration were significantly higher in garlic flesh extract when compared to the skin extract. Conclusion: These results suggest that both skin and flesh garlic extracts are effective in preventing NE induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and cell death. Reduction in oxidative stress may also play an important role in the anti-hypertrophic and anti-apoptotic properties of garlic extracts. These beneficial effects may in part be mediated by NO and H2S.
  Evaluation of the toxic...  
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RÉSULTATS : Parmi les 17 huiles essentielles étudiées, l’huile de patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) et l’huile de thym (Thymus vulgaris L.) ont été sélectionnées en vue d’essais plus approfondis contre le C. rosaceana, tandis que l’huile de patchouli, l’huile d’ail (Allium sativum L.) et l’huile de lemon-grass (Cymopogon nardus L.) l’ont été en vue d’essais plus poussés contre le T. ni.
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Background: The obliquebanded leafroller, Choristoneura rosaceana Harris, and the cabbage looper, Trichoplusia ni Hübner, are serious fruit and vegetable pests requiring multiple insecticide applications per year. To reduce non-target exposure to hazardous insecticides and to curb resistance development, alternative controls are required. Accordingly, a selection of 17 essential oils was screened against both lepidopteran pests, and the influence of azinphos-methyl resistance on essential oil toxicity to C. rosaceana was studied. RESULTS: Of the 17 essential oils screened, patchouli oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) and thyme oil (Thymus vulgaris L.) were selected for further testing against C. rosaceana, whereas patchouli oil, garlic oil (Allium sativum L.) and lemongrass oil (Cymopogon nardus L.) were selected for further testing against T. ni. LC50 and LD50 values confirmed that patchouli oil was the most toxic to C. rosaceana larvae, with LC50 = 2.8 µL mL-1 and LD50 = 8.0 µg insect-1. Garlic oil was the most toxic oil to T. ni larvae with LC50 = 3.3 µL mL-1 and LD50 = 22.7 µg insect-1, followed by patchouli oil and lemongrass oil. Azinphos-methyl-resistant leafrollers were 1.5-fold more tolerant to patchouli oil and 2.0-fold more tolerant to thyme oil. Conclusions: Based on these results, patchouli oil and other essential oils have sufficient efficacy to be considered as components of an essential oil-based insecticide that targets these lepidopteran pests.
  Discovery of Potato Rot...  
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Le nématode de la pourriture des racines (Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, 1945) est un important ravageur des parties souterraines (racines, tubercules et bulbes) de diverses plantes cultivées, en particulier la pomme de terre, et est reconnu à l’échelle internationale comme un ravageur de quarantaine. Sa présence chez l’ail a été mentionnée seulement récemment au Japon.
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Potato rot nematode, Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, 1945, is a serious nematode pest in a number of root and tube crops, primarily in potatoes, and is an internationally quarantined pest. In garlic, it was only reported in Japan. In 2011, a survey was conducted for the stem and bulb nematode, Ditylenchus dipsaci (Kühn) Filipjev in Ontario, Canada. PCR analysis revealed that a population of Ditylenchus from one garlic (Allium sativum) bulb sample in a 0.81-ha field (2-acre) in the Ottawa area had a significantly longer ITS1 (approximately 100 bp) than that of D. dipsaci. Subsequent morphology and DNA sequencing concluded that the population was Ditylenchus destructor, a quarantine species in Canada. Twenty females and twenty males were fixed and permanently mounted for morphological studies. The main diagnostic characters matched the description of D. destructor by Thorne. The female stylets had strong knobs, 11.1 ± 0.9 (10 to 12) μm long, lateral fields with six distinct lines in the middle section of the body, excretory pore 4.7 ± 1.3 (3 to 6) μm posterior to the hemizonid, esophageal base bulb overlaps dorsally with the intestine, post-vulval uterine sac extends up to two-thirds of the vulva-anus distance, and tail terminus finely rounded. A total of 20 nematode individuals were used for the molecular studies. They had 5-bp differences with the ITS1 (GenBank Accession No. EF208210; 650 bp) sequence of an isolate from Sihong County, China. The sequence of the partial 18S gene (GenBank Accession No. AY593912; 864 bp) was identical to the sequence of an isolate of D. destructor in the Netherlands. The detection of stem and bulb nematode was also confirmed from the field. Infested garlic plants were stunted and the basal bulbs became dark and somewhat rotten. Prior to this finding in Canada, D. destructor was only reported in a few isolated locations in the province of Prince Edward Island (PEI) in 194. The nematodes in PEI were effectively controlled. Another suspected case in British Columbia was not confirmed since the infested field had been known to be infested with D. dipsaci. To our knowledge, this is the first report of D. destructor on the mainland of Canada. The infested field has been subjected to strict quarantine measures to prevent the spread of the pest.