baux – Übersetzung – Keybot-Wörterbuch

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Dans cette affaire, il s’agissait de déterminer si certains baux miniers non expirés et consentis sur des terres de la Saskatchewan par le gouvernement fédéral avant que le Canada cède à la Saskatchewan ses ressources naturelles en 1930, devaient être considérés comme abandonnés lorsque, en 1931, d’autres baux consentis par la province les ont remplacés, ceux-ci étant à leur tour remplacés en 1937.

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Nothing that was decided by this Court in Attorney General of Saskatchewan v. Whiteshore Salt and Chemical Co. Ltd. and Midwest Chemicals Ltd.[9] bears on the issues now before it. That case was concerned with whether certain unexpired mining leases of Saskatchewan land, granted under federal authority before the 1930 transfer to Saskatchewan of its natural resources by Canada, must be taken to have been surrendered when in 1931 the leases were replaced by others granted by the Province, these being in turn replaced in 1937. On the answer to this question depended the liability of the lessees to increased royalties prescribed under provincial law. If there was no surrender, the lessees were protected by a provision of the Natural Resources Agreement of 1930. Kellock J., who spoke for the

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La thèse de Keyes, telle qu’elle a été présentée et plaidée devant le juge de première instance, c’est que, dans les derniers mois de 1943, il a obtenu de Harvie une option sur les droits visés par les deux baux du droit d’extraction des alcalis; il a vainement tenté, pendant quelques années, d’intéresser différentes personnes à mettre les propriétés en valeur; et au début de 1948, il a réussi à éveiller l’intérêt d’Astral, avec qui il a fini par conclure la convention du 3 juin 1948.

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Keyes’ case as pleaded and argued before the trial judge was that he had obtained an option from Harvie in the latter part of 1943 to purchase the rights under the two alkali leases; that he had tried, without success for some years, to interest various persons in developing the properties; and that early in 1948 he interested Astral in them, and in the result reached the agreement dated June 3, 1948. The negotiations related to other mining rights held by Keyes as well as to the alleged option. Although no option was produced, nor was there any evidence of an

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Grâce à l'application de la règle expressio unius est exclusio alterius, la mention des propriétaires ou occupants dans la disposition implique qu'il est possible d'adopter un règlement excluant toutes les autres personnes du régime de baux et de permis.

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The respondent argued that the phrase "untravelled portions of highways" includes the sidewalks adjacent to highways.  If sidewalks are "untravelled portions of highways," the respondent argues that s. 310(a) does authorize a distinction between owners or occupants of adjoining property and other persons.  Through application of the expressio unius est exclusio alterius rule, the reference to owners or occupants in the provision implies that a by-law may be passed excluding all other persons from the leasing and licensing scheme.

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6 Le juge en chambre a conclu que les baux avaient conféré à Pegasus l'option de devenir, à leur expiration, propriétaire des hélicoptères. Les termes de l'article 32 conféraient au locataire le droit unilatéral de contraindre le bailleur à vendre et, partant, lui conféraient l'option de devenir propriétaire.

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VI.              The chambers judge held that the leases gave Pegasus the option of becoming the owner of the helicopters at the expiration of the lease term.  The terms of clause 32 gave the lessee the unilateral right to compel the lessor to sell, and hence gave the lessee the option of becoming the owner.  He declared the two leases were conditional sales contracts within the meaning of both the Conditional Sales Act and the Instalment Payment Contracts Act, and dismissed the respondent's application.

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Dans cette affaire, l'appelante (Canadian Acceptance Corporation) avait loué deux chariots élévateurs à Nishi Industries. Les baux comportaient le droit d'acheter le matériel à sa juste valeur marchande à l'expiration du bail.

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XXI.            A similar approach was adopted by the British Columbia Court of Appeal in Re Nishi Industries (1978), 28 C.B.R. (N.S.) 261.  There, the appellant (Canadian Acceptance Corporation) had leased two forklift trucks to Nishi Industries.  The leases included a right to purchase the equipment at the end of the term for its fair market value.  That fair market value could not be less than 25 percent of the original purchase price that the lessor had to pay for the forklift trucks.  Hence Nishi had the option of becoming the owner of the trucks upon payment of the fair market value for the trucks, which was anticipated to be a substantial sum of money.  The Court of Appeal recognized that the wide definition of "conditional sale" is sufficient to transform a chattel lease into a conditional sales contract.  As long as the lessee had the option of becoming the owner, the lease-option agreement fell within the ambit of the Act.  In Re Nishi, it was found that the lessee had the option of becoming the owner upon executing the lease.  Hence, the agreement was a conditional sales contract even though the option was to be exercised at fair market value.  The appellant lost the right to repossess the trucks for failure to register the agreements.

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Tous les baux assortis d'une option d'achat sont visés par le sous‑al. 2(1)b)(ii) de la Conditional Sales Act. La Loi s'applique non seulement aux options qui doivent être levées pour une somme symbolique, mais aussi aux options qui doivent être levées à la juste valeur marchande des objets loués.

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All leases containing an option to purchase fall within the scope of s. 2(1)(b)(ii) of the Conditional Sales Act.  The Act applies not only to options which are to be exercised for a nominal sum, but also to options which are to be exercised at the fair market value of the leased goods.  The leases in this case fall within the scope of s. 2(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, provided the purchase option they contain is truly an "option".  The purchase option is not a right of pre‑emption, or right of first refusal.  The terms of the clause gave the lessee on signing the leases the unilateral right to compel the lessor to sell.  The two‑step process whereby the lessee is to give the lessor notice at least 120 days prior to the expiry of the lease or lease renewal and again after the lessor values the helicopters does not fail to qualify as an option.  The giving of the initial notice and the valuation of the helicopters are conditions precedent to the exercise of the option.  The option could only be exercised by the lessee giving its written assent to the valuation performed by the lessor pursuant to the terms of the clause.

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Il est clair que les rédacteurs de ces lois n'adoptaient pas une méthode purement conceptuelle pour déterminer quels types de baux seraient régis par les lois sur les ventes conditionnelles. Un bail aux termes duquel le locataire, sans plus, devient propriétaire des biens meubles après avoir satisfait aux conditions du contrat est, sans l'ombre d'un doute, reconnu universellement comme étant un contrat de vente.

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It is clear that the drafters of this legislation were not employing a purely conceptual approach when determining what types of leases were to be regulated by conditional sales legislation.  A lease under which the lessee, without more, becomes the owner of the chattels upon compliance with the terms of the contract is, no doubt, universally recognized as a sales transaction.  But, the definition also includes all leases containing purchase option clauses, even those leases under which the option to purchase involves payment of a sum of money which is equal to or greater than the market value of the goods.  There is no basis in the common law of bailment or in business practice for the conclusion that all leases with purchase options should be treated as instalment sales contracts.  One may speculate that the definition was designed primarily to ensure that some of the more commonly encountered leases are registered in a central registry.

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En avril 1964, la compagnie intimée effectua, aux termes de deux baux portant sur la location des droits relatifs au pétrole et au gaz naturel et du droit de forer pour recouvrer ces substances sur un terrain d’un quart de section, ses premiers paiements de redevances compensatoires à la Municipalité appelante.

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In April 1964, the respondent company, under two leases which together leased the petroleum and natural gas rights and the right to drill for recovery of the same in a certain quarter section of land, commenced payment of compensatory royalties to the appellant municipality. On July 16, 1964, the company wrote to the Municipality advising that it was surrendering the first lease as to two legal subdivisions and on the following day a further letter was sent relative to the surrender in its entirety of the separate lease covering a fractional acre excluded from the first lease. The obligation to pay further compensatory royalties was thereby terminated. The letters of surrender were signed by an officer of the company but due to an oversight in communicating the fact of such surrender to the company’s accounting department, royalty payments were not discontinued and were paid in error to the Municipality up to and including March 1968. The overpayment amounted to $31,163.95. Although requested to refund the overpayment, the Municipality did not make such payment and an action was then instituted by the company.

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Il a jugé que la Loi s'appliquait même si on ne voulait pas que le locataire soit tenu d'acheter le matériel aux termes du contrat de location avec option d'achat. La Loi n'excluait pas le bail aux termes duquel le locataire avait le pouvoir d'acquérir le droit de propriété; elle n'excluait que les baux véritables.

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XX.             Stevenson J.A. recognized that there were different types of agreements which could be covered under the Act.  These included the typical conditional sales contract which binds the purchaser to buy, but the Act could also cover lease-option agreements, which were often conditional sales contracts in disguise.  However, he found that the lease-option agreement in question was not a disguised conditional sales contract because it was not necessarily intended by the parties that the option would be exercised.  He held that the Act applied even though it was not intended that the lessee would be bound to purchase the equipment under the lease-option agreement.  The Act did not exclude a lease where the lessee had it within his power to acquire ownership; it only excluded pure leases.  Thus a lease-option agreement where the option could be exercised at fair market value was held to fall within the ambit of the Act.  In the result the lessor-optionor lost his right to priority for failure to register the agreement.

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Et, si la compétence appartient à une juridiction de l’ordre judiciaire civil, sera-ce un tribunal d’instance ou de grande instance, un tribunal de commerce, un conseil de prud’hommes ou un tribunal paritaire de baux ruraux?

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[TRANSLATION] A. The first problem is that of ascertaining the scope, nature and category of the jurisdiction before which the case must be brought, according to the legal relationships in issue, the matter in dispute and its importance, even the actual personal character of the litigants. In fact, the legislator has established a close correlation between the respective jurisdictional powers of the various categories of jurisdiction on the one hand, and on the other hand the form of their organization and operation, their composition and the selection and specialization of the judges who make up the court. That is why, at this first stage of determining jurisdiction, the only question is to ascertain, objectively to some extent, which category of jurisdiction will hear the case: whether it will be an administrative tribunal or a criminal or civil court; and if a civil court has jurisdiction, whether it will be an inferior or superior court, a commercial court, a conciliation board or a court where both sides are equally represented in adjudicating rural land leases.

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Tous les baux assortis d'une option d'achat sont visés par le sous‑al. 2(1)b)(ii) de la Conditional Sales Act. La Loi s'applique non seulement aux options qui doivent être levées pour une somme symbolique, mais aussi aux options qui doivent être levées à la juste valeur marchande des objets loués.

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All leases containing an option to purchase fall within the scope of s. 2(1)(b)(ii) of the Conditional Sales Act.  The Act applies not only to options which are to be exercised for a nominal sum, but also to options which are to be exercised at the fair market value of the leased goods.  The leases in this case fall within the scope of s. 2(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, provided the purchase option they contain is truly an "option".  The purchase option is not a right of pre‑emption, or right of first refusal.  The terms of the clause gave the lessee on signing the leases the unilateral right to compel the lessor to sell.  The two‑step process whereby the lessee is to give the lessor notice at least 120 days prior to the expiry of the lease or lease renewal and again after the lessor values the helicopters does not fail to qualify as an option.  The giving of the initial notice and the valuation of the helicopters are conditions precedent to the exercise of the option.  The option could only be exercised by the lessee giving its written assent to the valuation performed by the lessor pursuant to the terms of the clause.

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La différence entre les baux accordés aux demandeurs et aux autres locataires du centre commercial, d’une part, et celui qui a été accordé à l’intimée Ann Field, d’autre part, est tout à fait évidente.

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The difference between leases granted to the plaintiff and to the other tenants of the shopping centre, on the one part, and that to the defendant Ann Field, on the other, is quite apparent. In so far as clause 6 is concerned, in each case, the tenant’s convenant is to carry on a certain business. In the case of the plaintiff, as a hairdresser and beauty salon, and in the case of the defendant Ann Field, as a manufacturer, retailer and servicer of wigs. However, clause 11 from the plaintiffs’ and the other tenants’ lease contains a recital of the common intention of the landlord and tenant that the stores in the shopping centre should be non-competitive. That recital appears on a printed page and the words “a hairdresser and beauty salon” alone have been typed in. On the other hand, page 11 of the lease to the defendant Ann Field is typed throughout. The clause which I have quoted above contains no recital of intention and is simply a covenant by the landlord not to permit other stores to carry on “the principal business of manufacturing and retailing wigs and servicing wigs”. (The underlining is my own.)

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Il est admis de part et d’autre que l’intimé ne peut avoir gain de cause que si la redevance qu’il réclame constitue un intérêt dans un bien-fonds. L’appelante Saskatchewan Minerals prétend que si l’intimé a un intérêt dans l’un des baux ou dans les deux, c’est à titre de détenteur d’un droit incorporel (chose in action) opposable à Astral.

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It is common ground that the respondent cannot succeed unless the royalty which he claims is an interest in land. The appellant Saskatchewan Minerals takes the position that if the respondent has any interest in one or both of the leases, it is as holder of a chose in action against Astral. Two other defences are raised even if it be concluded that the royalty agreement gave the respondent an interest in land. They are, first, that s. 11 of the Alkali Mining Regulations, already quoted, is a bar to the respondent’s claim and that the appellant as an agent of the Crown in which the surface title is vested, is entitled to assert that bar against the respondent; and, second, that there was a surrender of the lease by operation of law when Astral assigned to the appellant, it being an agent of the Crown, which was the holder of the reversion, and hence the royalty interest in the leasehold was extinguished.

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II. HTC gérait, dans le cadre de ses activités courantes, un portefeuille de prêts et de baux consentis, en général, à des grandes sociétés et à des organismes gouvernementaux. HTC a témoigné qu’elle cherchait à conclure une convention de bail de l’ordre de 100 millions de dollars.

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II.                CTMC held as part of its ongoing business a portfolio of loans and leases to generally larger corporations and government agencies.  CTMC testified that it was looking for a leasing arrangement in the range of $100 million.  It specified the type of equipment (long-term assets that were easy to value, such as tractors or trailers), the duration of the lease and the strength of the proposed lessee.  The structure of the leasing arrangement was left to the Lease Arranger.  The trailers remained in the possession of TLI and CTMC continued to own the trailers, to lease them out, and to earn income from them.  CTMC previously entered into similar arrangements to the one implemented in this case. The Lease Arranger arranged the TLI deal which was approved by CTMC’s Board of Directors.  The key transactions proceeded as follows:

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7 Le juge Freeman a conclu qu'il n'était pas dans l'intention des parties que Pegasus devienne propriétaire des hélicoptères automatiquement ou moyennant une contrepartie symbolique, après qu'elle se fut acquittée de toutes ses obligations aux termes des baux.

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VII.             Freeman J.A. held that upon fulfilling all of the obligations under the leases, it was not intended that Pegasus become the owner of the helicopters automatically or for nominal consideration.  The respondent remained the owner of the helicopters throughout.  Pegasus simply had the right to require the respondent to establish a reasonable fair market value at which it was prepared to sell the helicopters.  Pegasus was at liberty to reject that price.  There was no mechanism for determining a price binding on both parties.  He held that the overriding intention of the parties was to create a lease and not a contract of conditional sale.  Clause 32 created a right of pre-emption which was not the kind of arrangement that the legislature intended to be covered by s. 2(1)(b)(ii) of the Act.  The respondent was entitled to the helicopters free of any claims of the appellants.

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Il est clair que les rédacteurs de ces lois n'adoptaient pas une méthode purement conceptuelle pour déterminer quels types de baux seraient régis par les lois sur les ventes conditionnelles. Un bail aux termes duquel le locataire, sans plus, devient propriétaire des biens meubles après avoir satisfait aux conditions du contrat est, sans l'ombre d'un doute, reconnu universellement comme étant un contrat de vente.

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It is clear that the drafters of this legislation were not employing a purely conceptual approach when determining what types of leases were to be regulated by conditional sales legislation.  A lease under which the lessee, without more, becomes the owner of the chattels upon compliance with the terms of the contract is, no doubt, universally recognized as a sales transaction.  But, the definition also includes all leases containing purchase option clauses, even those leases under which the option to purchase involves payment of a sum of money which is equal to or greater than the market value of the goods.  There is no basis in the common law of bailment or in business practice for the conclusion that all leases with purchase options should be treated as instalment sales contracts.  One may speculate that the definition was designed primarily to ensure that some of the more commonly encountered leases are registered in a central registry.

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Cette dernière affaire se distingue de la présente en ce que les avocats y ont convenu, ce qui n’est pas le cas ici, que du terrain de l’université loué à d’autres demeurait néanmoins un bien dévolu. Je peux dire dans cette affaire que, à mon avis, il importe peu que des baux soient en vigueur à l’époque de la dévolution du terrain ou qu’ils soient faits postérieurement.

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to the university and the issue to it of the certificate of indefeasible title. The argument against a vesting is based primarily upon a resort to legislative history, particularly to the British Columbia University Act, R.S.B.C. 1960, c. 38, and to the Victoria College Act, 1955 (B.C.), c. 115, both of which were repealed by the enactment of the Universities Act in 1963 to govern the University of British Columbia, the University of Victoria and the new Simon Fraser University. The legislative history is canvassed by Dohm J. in Re Simon Fraser University, supra. That case is distinguishable from the present one in that counsel there agreed, but did not so agree here, that land of the university leased to others none the less remained vested. I may say here that, in my opinion, nothing turns on whether leases are in force when land becomes vested in a university or are made thereafter.

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De même, vu ces conclusions, il est sans importance que la convention du 3 juin 1948 entre Keyes et Astral ait précédé la convention en bonne et due forme entre Harvie et Astral; le droit de Keyes à une redevance se fonderait sur le fait qu’il s’est réservé cette redevance à titre de détenteur d’une option sur les baux miniers.

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acknowledgement of it by Harvie (who was not called as a witness), the trial judge found that Keyes had the option that he claimed and that it gave him rights in the land of which he disposed for consideration that included the royalty which is the subject of these proceedings. On these findings, it is of no consequence that Harvie and Astral dealt directly with each other without intermediate transfers to and from Keyes. Equally, on these findings, it is immaterial that the agreement of June 3, 1948, between Keyes and Astral preceded the formal agreement between Harvie and Astral; the right of Keyes to royalty would rest on his reservation thereof as optionee of the mining leases. Implicit in this conclusion is, of course, a holding that a mere optionee may reserve a royalty against a subsequent purchaser from him of the option rights, effective on the latter’s acquisition of those rights.

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L.J. 251. Le professeur Cuming souligne que les rédacteurs des lois sur les ventes conditionnelles devaient relever le défi de qualifier les baux. Ils ont inclus dans ces lois une [traduction] «description détaillée des contrats de location qui devaient être traités comme des contrats de vente conditionnelle pour les fins de ces lois» (p. 259).

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This was not the final version because the Commissioners deleted the underlined words, thereby declining to follow the American model, and confirming that the Act was intended to apply to all lease-option agreements, and not just those which were disguised conditional sales contracts.  This interpretation is supported by the commentary of R. C. C. Cuming in "True Leases and Security Leases under Canadian Personal Property Security Acts" (1983), 7 Can. Bus. L.J. 251.  Professor Cuming noted that the drafters of the conditional sales legislation faced the challenge of characterizing leases.  The drafters included in the legislation a "detailed description of those leases which were to be treated as conditional sales contracts for the purposes of the legislation" (p. 259).  He explained the effect of s. 2(1)(b)(ii) of the Act as follows at p. 260:

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Il est clair que les rédacteurs de ces lois n'adoptaient pas une méthode purement conceptuelle pour déterminer quels types de baux seraient régis par les lois sur les ventes conditionnelles. Un bail aux termes duquel le locataire, sans plus, devient propriétaire des biens meubles après avoir satisfait aux conditions du contrat est, sans l'ombre d'un doute, reconnu universellement comme étant un contrat de vente.

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It is clear that the drafters of this legislation were not employing a purely conceptual approach when determining what types of leases were to be regulated by conditional sales legislation.  A lease under which the lessee, without more, becomes the owner of the chattels upon compliance with the terms of the contract is, no doubt, universally recognized as a sales transaction.  But, the definition also includes all leases containing purchase option clauses, even those leases under which the option to purchase involves payment of a sum of money which is equal to or greater than the market value of the goods.  There is no basis in the common law of bailment or in business practice for the conclusion that all leases with purchase options should be treated as instalment sales contracts.  One may speculate that the definition was designed primarily to ensure that some of the more commonly encountered leases are registered in a central registry.

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19 du chap. 58 des Lois du Québec 1982. Il convient de noter par ailleurs que la compétence de la Régie porte sur les baux de logements et ne s’étend pas aux baux commerciaux ou autres. Je note enfin que la Loi sur le logement par les nombreuses modifications qu’elle apporte au Code civil et à d’autres lois constitue un véritable code du logement locatif.

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This section confers on the Board, in addition to the jurisdiction of the Commission des loyers which it succeeded, all the jurisdiction regarding the lease of a dwelling formerly exercised by the Provincial Court, together with a large number of new powers. It should be noted that in 1979 the amount of the Provincial Court’s jurisdiction was $6,000. Although it is not significant in the case at bar, this amount was subsequently raised to $10,000 by an amendment made by s. 19 of c. 58 of the Statutes of Québec, 1982. It should further be noted that the jurisdiction of the Board applies to leases of dwellings, and does not extend to commercial or other leases. Finally, I should mention that as a consequence of the many amendments which it makes to the Civil Code and other statutes, the Dwelling Act constitutes a true rental dwelling code.

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Celles‑ci exploitaient des mines au Yukon. Suite à des différends au sujet de certains baux miniers, les appelantes ont intenté une action en dommages‑intérêts contre l'intimé. L'appel devant le Comité judiciaire du Conseil privé portait strictement sur la question de savoir si les appelantes avaient le pouvoir d'exploiter une entreprise au Yukon.

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The Judicial Committee of the Privy Council considered the powers of a letters patent corporation in Bonanza Creek Gold Mining Co. v. The King, [1916] 1 A.C. 566.  The appellants were incorporated by letters patent issued by the Lieutenant‑Governor of Ontario, under the authority both of The Ontario Companies Act, R.S.O. 1897, c. 191, and of all other powers and authority vested in the Lieutenant‑Governor.  The objects of the appellants, as stated in the letters patent, were to carry on the business of mining and exploration.  The letters patent did not limit the appellants' area of operation.  The appellants were carrying on mining operations in the Yukon.  As a result of disagreements over certain mining leases, the appellants brought an action for damages against the respondent.  The appeal came to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council on the bare question of whether the appellants had the power to carry on operations in the Yukon.

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Il a prétendu que les vendeurs ambulants étaient victimes de discrimination sous le régime de permis parce que, contrairement aux propriétaires et aux occupants des terrains adjacents, ils n'étaient pas admissibles à des baux ou à des permis pour étaler des marchandises en vente.

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The appellant also alleged that s. 11a of Metro By-law 211-74 violated s. 15(1) of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.  The appellant contended that street vendors were subject to discrimination under the licensing regime because, unlike owners and occupiers of adjoining property, they were not eligible for leases or licences to expose goods for sale.  Judge Draper noted that the municipality had an essential duty to preserve pedestrian access to sidewalks.  He observed that s. 11 of Metro By-law 211-74 was authorized by s. 210 of the Municipal Act and that the licensing regime provided Metro with the means to restrict commercial use of sidewalks in order to meet this primary obligation.  He concluded that the by-law did not single out the appellant for discriminatory treatment and was, therefore, not in violation of s. 15 of the Charter.  The appellant was convicted under s. 11 of Metro By-law 211-74, fined $2,000, and ordered not to sell flowers on a specified portion of Yonge Street for the two years of his probation.

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[TRADUCTION] et ce paiement tient lieu de toutes les taxes que la Société ou tout preneur à bail, tout souspreneur ou tout cessionnaire de ces terres aurait sans cela à payer en vertu de The Mining Tax Act, Revised Statutes of Newfoundland 1952, chap. 43, et modifications, ou en vertu de toute loi qui remplace The Mining Tax Act, modifiée; il tient également lieu de toutes les taxes auxquelles les taxes présentement imposées par The Mining Tax Act viennent, aux termes de cette loi, se substituer, et de toutes les taxes qui frappent, de façon générale ou particulière, les mines ou les minéraux ou qui frappent particulièrement les personnes dont l’entreprise consiste à exploiter des mines, relativement aux opérations effectuées sous le régime desdits baux miniers ou relativement aux mines de minerai de fer ou aux produits tirés du minerai de fer fabriqués, produits, acquis, obtenus, extraits ou enlevés en vertu des dispositions desdits baux miniers.

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and such payment shall be in lieu of any and all taxes that would otherwise be payable by the Corporation or any lessee, sublessee, assignee or transferee of such premises under The Mining Tax Act, chapter 43 of The Revised Statutes of Newfoundland, 1952, as amended from time to time, or under any Act standing in the place of The Mining Tax Act as so amended, and any taxes for which the taxes now imposed by The Mining Tax Act are declared by that Act to be substituted, and any taxes imposed either generally or specifically upon mines or minerals or specifically upon persons carrying on the business of mining, in respect of operations under the said mining leases or in respect of iron ore mines or iron ore products made, produced, won, gotten, raised or removed under the provisions of the said mining leases.

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109 pour les deux motifs suivants: (1) Le bail des demandeurs ne portait pas sur le bien qui était cédé à bail à l’intimée Ann Field. Cela est vrai, bien sûr, il portait sur le magasin voisin, mais les baux portaient sur des parties de la même parcelle B.2, et avis de ceux-ci était donné sur le résumé des titres de cette parcelle.

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Much argument was addressed to this Court that the notice of lease appearing on the abstract of title of the parcel did not give notice by virtue of subs. (6) of s. 109 to the defendant Ann Field for two reasons. (1) The lease to the plaintiffs was not upon the property which was being leased to the defendant Ann Field. Of course, this is true, it was on the adjoining store, but the leases were of parts of the same parcel B.2, and the notice of the leases all appeared on the abstract of that parcel. It would have been impossible to have abstracted the notice of lease elsewhere than on the abstract of parcel B.2. (2) It was submitted that the notice was merely a notice of the lease and not a notice of the contents thereof and that the defendant Ann Field, had she caused the abstract to be searched, would have been quite uninterested in

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II. HTC gérait, dans le cadre de ses activités courantes, un portefeuille de prêts et de baux consentis, en général, à des grandes sociétés et à des organismes gouvernementaux. HTC a témoigné qu’elle cherchait à conclure une convention de bail de l’ordre de 100 millions de dollars.

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II.                CTMC held as part of its ongoing business a portfolio of loans and leases to generally larger corporations and government agencies.  CTMC testified that it was looking for a leasing arrangement in the range of $100 million.  It specified the type of equipment (long-term assets that were easy to value, such as tractors or trailers), the duration of the lease and the strength of the proposed lessee.  The structure of the leasing arrangement was left to the Lease Arranger.  The trailers remained in the possession of TLI and CTMC continued to own the trailers, to lease them out, and to earn income from them.  CTMC previously entered into similar arrangements to the one implemented in this case. The Lease Arranger arranged the TLI deal which was approved by CTMC’s Board of Directors.  The key transactions proceeded as follows:

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28(2) ne vise que les baux et les autres arrangements conclus pour une période déterminée ne dépassant pas la durée habituelle du mandat du conseil de la bande, il ne sera possible d’acquérir des droits à long terme ou à perpétuité que par voie d’aliénation offrant les garanties de l’art.

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94 If s. 28(2) is confined to leases and other arrangements for a finite calendar term not exceeding the usual mandate of the band council, long-term or perpetual interests in reserve land may be acquired only by alienation under the safeguards of s. 37 or by expropriation under s. 35.  In either case, the interest of band members, present and future, finds significant protection.  In the case of alienation, the band membership must be convinced of the appropriateness of the bargain.  In the case of expropriation, the government must  initiate, and the Cabinet approve, the drastic and politically sensitive process of expropriating reserve lands, constrained at every step by the Crown’s duty to act in the best interests of the Indians.

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19 du chap. 58 des Lois du Québec 1982. Il convient de noter par ailleurs que la compétence de la Régie porte sur les baux de logements et ne s’étend pas aux baux commerciaux ou autres. Je note enfin que la Loi sur le logement par les nombreuses modifications qu’elle apporte au Code civil et à d’autres lois constitue un véritable code du logement locatif.

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This section confers on the Board, in addition to the jurisdiction of the Commission des loyers which it succeeded, all the jurisdiction regarding the lease of a dwelling formerly exercised by the Provincial Court, together with a large number of new powers. It should be noted that in 1979 the amount of the Provincial Court’s jurisdiction was $6,000. Although it is not significant in the case at bar, this amount was subsequently raised to $10,000 by an amendment made by s. 19 of c. 58 of the Statutes of Québec, 1982. It should further be noted that the jurisdiction of the Board applies to leases of dwellings, and does not extend to commercial or other leases. Finally, I should mention that as a consequence of the many amendments which it makes to the Civil Code and other statutes, the Dwelling Act constitutes a true rental dwelling code.

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Si la copie du bail des demandeurs, qui a été produite au procès et qui a été versée comme pièce à l’appui, était une copie originale validée, la copie des baux accordés à la Sunnybrook Food Market (Keele) Limited et à la Baywood Pharmacy constituaient des copies authentiques certifiées conformes par le master ou contrôleur des titres.

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The notice of a lease is quite vain unless it is also notice of the terms of the said lease, and before the notice could be accepted by the master of titles the applicant for registration of the notice was required to file a copy of the lease to which the notice referred. Although the copy of the lease to the plaintiffs produced at trial and filed as an exhibit is an original executed copy, the copy of the leases to both the Sunnybrook Food Market (Keele) Limited and Baywood Pharmacy were actual copies certified by the master of titles, and a similar document, that is, a copy of the lease to the plaintiffs, was equally in the possession of the master of titles open to inspection by anyone who desired to consider its terms.

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Astral a acquis ces baux d’un certain E.L. Harvie (qui les détenait pour lui-même et pour deux autres personnes) en vertu d’une convention écrite datée du 30 juin 1948 et suivie de cessions portant la même date.

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Astral acquired these leases from one E.L. Harvie (who held them on behalf of himself and two others) under an agreement in writing of June 30, 1948, which was followed by assignments of even date. The required approval was given when fresh assignments were executed by Harvie on August 3, 1955. Harvie had obtained the mining rights, reflected by the two leases, prior to 1930 when the title to the land was in the Crown in right of Canada. His rights were renewable, and were preserved when the surface title passed to the Crown in right of the Province. The immediate source of his rights, prior to the assignment to Astral, was under an indenture of January 30, 1948, in respect of lease A-4010 and under an earlier indenture of January 31, 1944, in respect of lease A-163.