baux – -Translation – Keybot Dictionary

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Baux—Engagement de prendre à bail—Résolution par le locataire—Dommages-intérêts—Réduction des dommages-intérêts—Obligation du locataire—Bâtiment presque vide—Location ultérieure d’une superficie beaucoup plus grande comprenant l’espace en cause.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	Leases—Agreement to lease—Repudiation by lessee—Damages—Mitigation of damages—Duty of lessor—Building substantially vacant—Subsequent leasing of a larger area including the space in question.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Dans tous les cas, aucune indemnité n’est accordée aux locataires dont les baux ont été faits ou qui ont pris possession des lieux subséquemment à la résolution du conseil au sujet de cette expropriation.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	No indemnity shall be allowed, in any event, to tenants whose leases shall have been made or who shall have taken possession of the premises subsequent to the resolution of the council for the said expropriation.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Chacun des baux en l'espèce comporte une option d'achat à la juste valeur marchande et est visé par la Conditional Sales Act. Puisque le bailleur a omis d'enregistrer ces baux conformément à la Loi, la stipulation voulant qu'il conserve son titre de propriété n'est pas opposable aux appelantes.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	Each of the leases in this appeal contains an option to purchase at fair market value and falls within the scope of the Conditional Sales Act.  Since the lessor failed to register these leases as required by the Act, its reservation of title is void against the appellants.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	(4) Le présent article vise les locations conclues par des baux signés ou renouvelés à partir du 1er janvier 1970 et les locations périodiques, un an après la signature du bail ou à partir du 1er janvier 1970; dans tous les autres cas, la loi en vigueur avant le 1er janvier 1970 s’applique.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	(4) This section applies to tenancies under tenancy agreements entered into or renewed on or after the 1st day of January, 1970 and to periodic tenancies on the first anniversary date of such tenancies on or after the 1st day of January, 1970 and in all other cases the law applies as it existed immediately before the 1st day of January, 1970.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	7. (1)  En l’absence d’exclusivité du droit de pêche conférée par la loi, le ministre peut, à discrétion, octroyer des baux et permis de pêche ainsi que des licences d’exploitation de pêcheries ‑‑ ou en permettre l’octroi ‑‑, indépendamment du lieu de l’exploitation ou de l’activité de pêche.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	7.  (1)  Subject to subsection (2), the Minister may, in his absolute discretion, wherever the exclusive right of fishing does not already exist by law, issue or authorize to be issued leases and licences for fisheries or fishing, wherever situated or carried on.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	L’appelante a acquis deux baux du droit d’extraction des alcalis en vertu d’une cession de A, qui, de son côté, avait acquis les baux en vertu de cessions du premier locataire, H. L’approbation pres-
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	The appellant acquired two alkali leases by assignment from A, which, in turn, had acquired the leases by assignments from the original lessee H. The required approval of the respective assignments

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	En cette Cour, l’appelante soutient que la réclamation relative à la redevance doit être rejetée à l’égard des deux baux, et l’intimé demande le rétablissement du jugement de première instance.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	In this Court the appellant urged that the claim for royalty should be denied as to both leases and the respondent sought restoration of the judgment at trial.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	L’appelante a acquis deux baux du droit d’extraction des alcalis en vertu d’une cession de A, qui, de son côté, avait acquis les baux en vertu de cessions du premier locataire, H. L’approbation pres-
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	The appellant acquired two alkali leases by assignment from A, which, in turn, had acquired the leases by assignments from the original lessee H. The required approval of the respective assignments

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	9.  Le ministre peut suspendre ou révoquer tous baux, permis ou licences consentis en vertu de la présente loi si:
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	9.  The Minister may suspend or cancel any lease or licence issued under the authority of this Act, if

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	(2)  Sous réserve des autres dispositions de la présente loi, l’octroi de baux, permis et licences pour un terme supérieur à neuf ans est subordonné à l’autorisation du gouverneur général en conseil.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	(2)   Except as otherwise provided in this Act, leases or licences for any term exceeding nine years shall be issued only under the authority of the Governor in Council.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Les conventions relatives à ces deux baux sont mentionnées ci-dessus.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	Convenants in both of these leases have been referred to above.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	1.Les baux sont‑ils des contrats de vente conditionnelle au sens du sous‑al. 2(1)b)(ii) de la Conditional Sales Act?
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	1.Whether the leases are conditional sales agreements as that term is defined in s. 2(1)(b)(ii) of the Conditional Sales Act.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	17               Les baux en cause dans la présente affaire tombent dans la troisième catégorie qui, selon ce que la Cour d'appel à la majorité a décidé, n'est pas visée par la Loi.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	XVII.          The leases in the present case fall within the third category, which the majority in the Court of Appeal held did not fall within the scope of the Act.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Macquarie Corporate Finance (USA) Inc. (« l’arrangeur de baux »).
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	Macquarie Corporate Finance (USA) Inc. (“Lease Arranger”).

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Ces baux contenaient les dispositions suivantes:
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	Each of these leases contained the following provisions:

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Cependant, il existe une différence entre les deux baux dans l’engagement à payer les primes d’assurance. Dans le bail Hutson, on lit ce qui suit:
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	However, there is a difference between the two leases in the convenant respecting payment of insurance premiums. In the Hutson lease, it read:

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Chacun des baux en l'espèce comporte une option d'achat à la juste valeur marchande et est visé par la Conditional Sales Act. Puisque le bailleur a omis d'enregistrer ces baux conformément à la Loi, la stipulation voulant qu'il conserve son titre de propriété n'est pas opposable aux appelantes.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	Each of the leases in this appeal contains an option to purchase at fair market value and falls within the scope of the Conditional Sales Act.  Since the lessor failed to register these leases as required by the Act, its reservation of title is void against the appellants.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	3 Les baux n'ont pas été enregistrés en vertu de la Conditional Sales Act, R.S.N.S. 1989, ch. 84, et l'intimée n'a pas été enregistrée en application de l'Instalment Payment Contracts Act, R.S.N.S. 1989, ch.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	III.               The leases were not registered under the Conditional Sales Act, R.S.N.S. 1989, c. 84, and the respondent was not registered under the Instalment Payment Contracts Act, R.S.N.S. 1989, c. 230.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Mines et minerais—Baux du droit d’extraction des alcalis—Intimé prétendant avoir une option sur les droits du locataire—Option est-elle valide sans le consentement écrit du Ministre—Convention en vue du transport de l’option—Clause visant une redevance—Redevance lie‑t‑elle l’appelante, cessionnaire subséquente—Alkali Mining Regulations, Décret du Conseil 1357/43 (Sask.), art. 11.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	Mines and Minerals—Alkali mining leases—Option to acquire lessee’s interest claimed by respondent—Whether option valid in absence of Minister’s written consent—Agreement to transfer option—Royalty clause—Whether royalty binding on appellant as subsequent assignee—Alkali Mining Regulations, O.C. 1357/43 (Sask.), s. 11.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	est soumis à aucune obligation semblable; au contraire, les clauses pertinentes en l’espèce sont essentiellement semblables aux termes du bail dans l’affaire Hutson: en fait, les deux baux stipulent qu’ils ont été rédigés «conformément au Short Forms of Leases Act» (actuellement R.S.O. 1970, c. 436).
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	lord; on the contrary, the relevant clauses in the case at bar are substantially similar to the terms of the lease in Hutson: indeed the leases both in Hutson and here are stated to be made “In pursuance of the Short Forms of Leases Act” (now R.S.O. 1970, c. 436).

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	2 Aux termes de l'article 9 des baux, le locataire n'acquérait sur les aéronefs aucun droit ni aucun titre autre que le droit de les utiliser conformément aux conditions des baux. L'article 32 conférait au locataire l'option d'acheter les hélicoptères à leur juste valeur marchande raisonnable.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	II.                Under clause 9 of the leases, the lessee did not acquire any right or title to the aircraft except the right to use them in accordance with the terms of the lease.  Clause 32 gave the lessee the option to purchase the helicopters for  reasonable fair market value.  It provided:

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	35 Chacun des baux en l'espèce comporte une option d'achat à la juste valeur marchande. Les baux sont visés par le sous‑al. 2(1)b)(ii) de la Loi. L'intimée a omis d'enregistrer ces baux conformément à la Loi et, partant, la stipulation voulant qu'elle conserve son titre de propriété n'est pas opposable aux appelantes.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	XXXV.       Each of the leases in this appeal contains an option to purchase at fair market value.  The leases fall within the scope of s. 2(1)(b)(ii) of the Act.  The respondent failed to register these leases as required by the Act and consequently its reservation of title is void against the appellants.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	2 Aux termes de l'article 9 des baux, le locataire n'acquérait sur les aéronefs aucun droit ni aucun titre autre que le droit de les utiliser conformément aux conditions des baux. L'article 32 conférait au locataire l'option d'acheter les hélicoptères à leur juste valeur marchande raisonnable.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	II.                Under clause 9 of the leases, the lessee did not acquire any right or title to the aircraft except the right to use them in accordance with the terms of the lease.  Clause 32 gave the lessee the option to purchase the helicopters for  reasonable fair market value.  It provided:

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Baux ‑‑ Location de biens meubles ‑‑ Violation des contrats de location par le locataire ‑‑ Méthode appropriée pour déterminer les dommages‑intérêts ‑‑ Les principes généraux d'évaluation des dommages‑intérêts pour la violation d'un contrat s'appliquent‑ils ou le recours du bailleur est‑il limité au produit de la revente plus les paiements de location dus au moment de la saisie?
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	Leases ‑‑ Chattel lease ‑‑ Breach by lessee ‑‑ Proper method of determining damages ‑‑ Whether general principles of assessment of damages for breach of contract applicable or whether lessor's remedies limited to proceeds of resale plus rental payments due at time of seizure.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	35 Chacun des baux en l'espèce comporte une option d'achat à la juste valeur marchande. Les baux sont visés par le sous‑al. 2(1)b)(ii) de la Loi. L'intimée a omis d'enregistrer ces baux conformément à la Loi et, partant, la stipulation voulant qu'elle conserve son titre de propriété n'est pas opposable aux appelantes.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	XXXV.       Each of the leases in this appeal contains an option to purchase at fair market value.  The leases fall within the scope of s. 2(1)(b)(ii) of the Act.  The respondent failed to register these leases as required by the Act and consequently its reservation of title is void against the appellants.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	POURVOI contre un arrêt de la Cour d'appel de la Nouvelle‑Écosse (1993), 108 D.L.R. (4th) 342, 22 C.B.R. (3d) 95, 125 N.S.R. (2d) 297, 349 A.P.R. 297, qui a infirmé une décision du juge Cacchione de rejeter la demande de l'intimée visant à obtenir un jugement déclarant que certains baux n'étaient pas des contrats de vente conditionnelle.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	APPEAL from a judgment of the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal (1993), 108 D.L.R. (4th) 342, 22 C.B.R. (3d) 95, 125 N.S.R. (2d) 297, 349 A.P.R. 297, reversing a decision of Cacchione J. dismissing the respondent's application for a declaration that certain leases were not conditional sales contracts.  Appeal allowed.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	35 Chacun des baux en l'espèce comporte une option d'achat à la juste valeur marchande. Les baux sont visés par le sous‑al. 2(1)b)(ii) de la Loi. L'intimée a omis d'enregistrer ces baux conformément à la Loi et, partant, la stipulation voulant qu'elle conserve son titre de propriété n'est pas opposable aux appelantes.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	XXXV.       Each of the leases in this appeal contains an option to purchase at fair market value.  The leases fall within the scope of s. 2(1)(b)(ii) of the Act.  The respondent failed to register these leases as required by the Act and consequently its reservation of title is void against the appellants.

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Propriétaire et locataire—Baux d’immeubles résidentiels—Mauvais état des lieux—Interprétation de l’expression «lieux loués»—Perte temporaire de jouissance des installations communes—Réparations et rénovations nécessaires—Réduction de loyer—Compétence du juge à accorder une réduction—La réduction n’a pas été mentionnée et n’a fait l’objet d’aucune preuve lors de l’audition—Justice naturelle—The Landlord and Tenant Act, R.S.O. 1970, c.

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Landlord and tenant—Residential tenancies—Non-repair—Interpretation of “rented premises”—Temporary loss of common facilities—Necessary repairs and renovations—Abatement of rent—Power of judge to grant abatement—Abatement not referred to, or subject of evidence at, hearing—Natural justice—The Landlord and Tenant Act, R.S.O. 1970, c. 236, s. 96(1).

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	La cité ne sera pas tenue de payer une indemnité ou des dommages-intérêts pour un bâtiment construit ou pour des améliorations effectuées sur un terrain ou sur une propriété, ni à raison de baux ou contrats passés relativement à un terrain ou à une propriété après la confirmation d’un plan ou carte quelconque, ou de quelque modification ou addition qui y sera faite.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	418. The city shall not be liable for any indemnity or damages claimed with respect to any building constructed, or improvements, leases or contracts made by any person whatever, upon any land or property, after the confirmation of such plan or map, or of any modification thereof, or addition thereto.

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6 Le juge en chambre a conclu que les baux avaient conféré à Pegasus l'option de devenir, à leur expiration, propriétaire des hélicoptères. Les termes de l'article 32 conféraient au locataire le droit unilatéral de contraindre le bailleur à vendre et, partant, lui conféraient l'option de devenir propriétaire.

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VI.              The chambers judge held that the leases gave Pegasus the option of becoming the owner of the helicopters at the expiration of the lease term.  The terms of clause 32 gave the lessee the unilateral right to compel the lessor to sell, and hence gave the lessee the option of becoming the owner.  He declared the two leases were conditional sales contracts within the meaning of both the Conditional Sales Act and the Instalment Payment Contracts Act, and dismissed the respondent's application.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	1                 Les appelantes sont respectivement les créancier garanti, séquestre et syndic de la faillite de Pegasus Helicopters Incorporated («Pegasus»), laquelle avait loué deux hélicoptères de l'intimée Mitsui & Co. (Canada) Ltd. («Mitsui») aux termes de deux contrats de location («baux») datés du 26 mai 1992.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	I.                 The appellants are respectively the secured creditor, receiver and trustee in bankruptcy of Pegasus Helicopters Incorporated ("Pegasus"), which leased two helicopters from the respondent Mitsui & Co. (Canada) Ltd.  ("Mitsui") under two lease agreements ("leases") dated May 26, 1992.

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du caractère commercial que revêt l’entreprise qui comporte des baux avec des personnes exploitant divers commerces. Il serait insensé d’affirmer dans ces circonstances que le propriétaire du centre commercial peut, à son gré, ordonner à toute personne de quitter le centre commercial sous peine de sanction ou d’inculpation d’intrusion illicite, si son comportement ou ses actes n’offrent aucun motif valable pour justifier cet ordre.

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character of the enterprise based on tenancies by operators of a variety of businesses. To say in such circumstances that the shopping centre owner may, at his whim, order any member of the public out of the shopping centre on penalty or liability for trespass if he refuses to leave does not make sense if there is no proper reason in that member’s conduct or activity to justify the order to leave.

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En toute déférence, il est difficile de saisir une quelconque différence entre les circonstances respectives des affaires Bignall et Murray. Dans Bignall, il s’agit d’une station-service occupée depuis 1936 en vertu de baux à court terme, le dernier bail ayant couru du 1er avril 1954 au 31 octobre 1955.

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With respect, it is difficult to understand any distinction between the circumstances in Bignall and the circumstances in Murray. Bignall was concerned with a gasoline service station held under short term lease from 1936 on, the last lease being one which ran from April 1, 1954, to October 31, 1955. Re Murray & Toronto was concerned with the ordinary case of monthly tenancies. The report does not reveal how long the tenants had been in possession.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Dans certains milieux, on semble avoir l'impression que, pour ce qui concerne les biens‑fonds des Indiens, le contrôle des pêcheries appartient exclusivement aux Indiens qui habitent ces biens‑fonds, et que ces derniers sont libres d'enlever les engins de pêche des Blancs qui utilisent ces pêcheries en vertu de baux ou licences accordés par la Couronne.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	There seems to be an impression in some quarters, that exclusive control of fishings in connection with Indian properties belongs to the resident Indians, and that they are at liberty to remove the fishing gear of Whitemen who resort to these fisheries under leases or licences granted by the Crown.

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8 Le juge Jones a conclu que le sous‑al. 2(1)b)(ii) de la Loi s'appliquait aux baux comportant une option d'achat. Les baux comportaient une option d'achat parce que l'article 32 conférait au locataire le droit unilatéral de contraindre le bailleur à vendre.

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VIII.            Jones J.A. held that s. 2(1)(b)(ii) of the Act applied to leases containing an option to purchase.  The leases contained an option to purchase because clause 32 gave the lessee the unilateral right to compel the lessor to sell.  It was open to the parties to set the terms by which the price would be fixed, and the courts would enforce the "fair market value" provision contained in clause 32.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	The Nalco-Javelin (Mineral Lands) Act, 1960, 1960 (Nfld.), chap. 41, prévoit ce qu’on appelle une [TRADUCTION] «entente légale supplémentaire». Cette entente, qui fait partie de la Loi, combine et modifie les deux baux consentis conformément à la première loi.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine scc.lexum.org as primary domain	The Nalco-Javelin (Mineral Lands) Act, 1960, 1960 (Nfld.), c. 41, provided for what is called a “Statutory Supplementary Agreement”. This agreement, which forms part of the legislation, consolidated and amended the two leases made pursuant to the original Act. This agreement, dated September 2, 1959, is the one which is concerned in the appellants’ submission regarding tax liability.

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lieux et également quant aux baux accordés à d’autres locataires du centre commercial, qu’ils ne se soient pas renseignés sur les droits que les demandeurs pouvaient posséder. Je suis également convaincu, d’après la preuve, qu’aussitôt qu’ils ont appris que l’on se proposait d’utiliser les locaux voisins des leurs pour la vente et l’entretien de perruques, les demandeurs ont protesté auprès de la Menat.

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other tenants in the shopping centre that they did not make any inquiry as to what, if any, rights the plaintiffs had. I am also satisfied on the evidence that as soon as the plaintiffs became aware of the proposed use of the premises adjoining them for the selling and servicing of hairpieces they protested to Menat.

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8 Le juge Jones a conclu que le sous‑al. 2(1)b)(ii) de la Loi s'appliquait aux baux comportant une option d'achat. Les baux comportaient une option d'achat parce que l'article 32 conférait au locataire le droit unilatéral de contraindre le bailleur à vendre.

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VIII.            Jones J.A. held that s. 2(1)(b)(ii) of the Act applied to leases containing an option to purchase.  The leases contained an option to purchase because clause 32 gave the lessee the unilateral right to compel the lessor to sell.  It was open to the parties to set the terms by which the price would be fixed, and the courts would enforce the "fair market value" provision contained in clause 32.

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La Cour‑‑Dans les motifs prononcés par le juge Robins (1983), 44 O.R. (2d) 166, 3 D.L.R. (4th) 595, 29 R.P.R. 224, la Cour d'appel de l'Ontario a examiné de façon exhaustive le droit relatif à l'incapacité d'un propriétaire d'intenter des poursuites pour recouvrer des biens‑fonds pendant que ceux‑ci sont concédés par baux successifs.

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1.                The Court‑‑In reasons delivered by Robins J.A. (1983), 44 O.R. (2d) 166, 3 D.L.R. (4th) 595, 29 R.P.R. 224, the Ontario Court of Appeal exhaustively reviewed the law concerning an owner's inability to sue for recovery of lands while the lands were demised under successive leases. He concluded that the decision of the English Court of Appeal in Corpus Christi College v. Rogers (1879), 49 L.J. Ex. 4, ought to be followed in preference to the House of Lords' decision in Ecclesiastical Commissioners of England and Wales v. Rowe (1880), 5 App. Cas. 736. We are in complete agreement with the reasons of Robins J.A. on this issue, and, like him, find it unnecessary to address the question whether the appellant had otherwise met the requirements for extinguishing the respondents' title pursuant to ss. 4 and 15 of the Limitations Act, R.S.O. 1980, c. 240.

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Le Code de procédure civile de 1867 pose le principe d’une compétence des cours de recorder et la Cour du recorder de Montréal avait compétence en 1867 dans le territoire de Montréal relativement aux baux d’une valeur annuelle n’excédant pas 100 $ (par comparaison à 200 $ dans le cas de la Cour de circuit): elle pourra, selon le texte qui lui confère sa compétence, agir en vertu de l’Acte concernant les locateurs et locataires de la même manière que la Cour de circuit et que la Cour supérieure.

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The Commissioners’ Courts which existed between 1821 and 1965 always had some jurisdiction over matters between lessors and lessees, at least as regards the collection of rent. The Code of Civil Procedure of 1867, laid down the principle of jurisdiction by Recorder’s Courts, and in 1867 the Montreal Recorder’s Court had jurisdiction within the territory of Montreal over leases with an annual value not exceeding $100 (as compared with $200 in the case of the Circuit Court): according to the statute conferring its jurisdiction, it could act under the Act respecting Lessors and Lessees in the same way as the Circuit Court and the Superior Court.

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L'Acte habilitait le gouvernement à accorder des licences et des baux exclusifs visant des secteurs de pêche, mais aucune de ses dispositions ne pourvoyait à l'aliénation permanente de droits de pêche à des intérêts privés.

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XXXIII.      An examination of the early Fisheries Acts of the Province of Canada and the first Fisheries Act of the new Dominion, the Fisheries Act, S.C. 1868, c. 60, confirms this same policy of exercising only limited powers.  The Act gave the government the right to grant exclusive leases and licences to fishing grounds, but there was no provision in the Act for the permanent alienation of fishing rights to private parties.

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6 Le juge en chambre a conclu que les baux avaient conféré à Pegasus l'option de devenir, à leur expiration, propriétaire des hélicoptères. Les termes de l'article 32 conféraient au locataire le droit unilatéral de contraindre le bailleur à vendre et, partant, lui conféraient l'option de devenir propriétaire.

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VI.              The chambers judge held that the leases gave Pegasus the option of becoming the owner of the helicopters at the expiration of the lease term.  The terms of clause 32 gave the lessee the unilateral right to compel the lessor to sell, and hence gave the lessee the option of becoming the owner.  He declared the two leases were conditional sales contracts within the meaning of both the Conditional Sales Act and the Instalment Payment Contracts Act, and dismissed the respondent's application.

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La Loi s'applique non seulement aux options qui doivent être levées pour une somme symbolique, mais aussi aux options qui doivent être levées à la juste valeur marchande des objets loués. En l'espèce, les baux tombent sous le coup du sous‑al.

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XXII.          In my opinion these cases were decided correctly and lead to the conclusion that the Act was intended to encompass all lease agreements where the lessee-optionee is given the option of becoming the owner of the leased goods.  The Act applies not only to options which are to be exercised for a nominal sum, but also to options which are to be exercised at the fair market value of the leased goods.  The leases here fall within the scope of s. 2(1)(b)(ii) of the Act, provided the option in clause 32 is truly an "option".

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Ventes conditionnelles ‑‑ Baux ‑‑ Options d'achat ‑‑ Locataire ayant l'option d'acheter des hélicoptères à leur juste valeur marchande raisonnable à l'expiration du bail ‑‑ Baux non enregistrés en vertu de la Conditional Sales Act ‑‑ Séquestre des biens nommé par le créancier garanti après que le locataire eut manqué à ses engagements aux termes d'un prêt ‑‑ Bailleur réclamant le droit de reprendre possession des hélicoptères conformément aux baux ‑‑ Les baux étaient‑ils des contrats de vente conditionnelle?

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Conditional sales ‑‑ Leases ‑‑ Options to purchase ‑‑ Lessee having option to purchase helicopters for reasonable fair market value at end of lease ‑‑ Leases not registered under Conditional Sales Act ‑‑ Secured creditor appointing receiver for property after lessee defaulted on loan ‑‑ Lessor claiming right to possession of helicopters pursuant to leases ‑‑ Whether leases conditional sales ‑‑ Whether leases had to be registered under Act ‑‑ Conditional Sales Act, R.S.N.S. 1989, c. 84, s. 2(1)(b)(ii).

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Le simple fait que les preneuses des baux consentis par Javelin transportent le minerai de fer dans une autre province pour le traiter et le vendre, ne transforme pas la Loi qui impose une taxe à Javelin en une loi visant à réglementer les échanges et le commerce.

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There is no substance in this submission. The Act under consideration is a tax upon income. There is no suggestion that it is aimed at the regulation of interprovincial or international trade. The mere fact that Javelin’s lessees remove the iron ore to another province for processing and sale does not convert the Act which imposes a tax on Javelin into legislation for the regulation of trade and commerce. (See Carnation Co. Ltd. v. Quebec Agricultural Marketing Board, [1968] S.C.R. 238).

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La Loi elle‑même ne fait pas de distinction entre les options qui doivent être levées pour un montant symbolique et celles qui doivent l'être à la juste valeur marchande. Tous les baux assortis d'une option d'achat sont visés par la Loi.

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XVIII.         The wording and history of the Act demonstrate that any lease containing an option to purchase falls within the scope of s. 2(1)(b)(ii) of the Act.  The Act itself does not make any distinctions between options that are to be exercised at a nominal amount and those that are to be exercised at fair market value.  All leases containing an option to purchase fall within the scope of the Act.  This conclusion is bolstered by looking at the history of the section.  The original version of s. 2(1)(b) provided, in part:

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Ventes conditionnelles ‑‑ Baux ‑‑ Options d'achat ‑‑ Locataire ayant l'option d'acheter des hélicoptères à leur juste valeur marchande raisonnable à l'expiration du bail ‑‑ Baux non enregistrés en vertu de la Conditional Sales Act ‑‑ Séquestre des biens nommé par le créancier garanti après que le locataire eut manqué à ses engagements aux termes d'un prêt ‑‑ Bailleur réclamant le droit de reprendre possession des hélicoptères conformément aux baux ‑‑ Les baux étaient‑ils des contrats de vente conditionnelle?

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Conditional sales ‑‑ Leases ‑‑ Options to purchase ‑‑ Lessee having option to purchase helicopters for reasonable fair market value at end of lease ‑‑ Leases not registered under Conditional Sales Act ‑‑ Secured creditor appointing receiver for property after lessee defaulted on loan ‑‑ Lessor claiming right to possession of helicopters pursuant to leases ‑‑ Whether leases conditional sales ‑‑ Whether leases had to be registered under Act ‑‑ Conditional Sales Act, R.S.N.S. 1989, c. 84, s. 2(1)(b)(ii).

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Dans ce prospectus, il est fait mention des deux baux du droit d’extraction des alcalis acquis par Astral; et, dans chaque cas, le prospectus déclare que [TRADUCTION] «une redevance supplémentaire de 25 cents la tonne est payable à Thomas E. Keyes

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I also support the view of the Court of Appeal that there is no enforceable royalty claim against the appellant in respect of lease A-163. The trial judge found for Keyes on this issue by relying on a prospectus issued by Astral under date of March 25, 1952. That prospectus referred to the two alkali leases acquired by Astral; and, in respect of each, the prospectus stated that “a further royalty of 25 cents per ton is payable to Thomas E. Keyes on all anhydrous salt produced and sold from the said land”. Bence

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Il peut sembler anormal de laisser une université retirer un revenu de baux commerciaux consentis sur des terrains acquis par legs sans qu’elle soit tenue au paiment des taxes, surtout lorsque, comme on nous l’a indiqué, il ne paraît y avoir aucune disposition permettant de taxer les locataires commerciaux.

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It may be anomalous to permit a university to reap revenue from commercial leases of land acquired by devise, without being obliged to pay taxes, especially when, as was indicated to us, there also appears to be no provision for taxing the commercial tenants. The anomaly is evident in relation to university legislation elsewhere, as, for example, in Ontario where there is provision that exemption of university property from taxation is allowed only so long as it is actually used and occupied for the purposes of the university: see, for example, The Trent University Act, 1962-63 (Ont.), c. 192, s. 23; The University of

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Grâce à l'application de la règle expressio unius est exclusio alterius, la mention des propriétaires ou occupants dans la disposition implique qu'il est possible d'adopter un règlement excluant toutes les autres personnes du régime de baux et de permis.

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The respondent argued that the phrase "untravelled portions of highways" includes the sidewalks adjacent to highways.  If sidewalks are "untravelled portions of highways," the respondent argues that s. 310(a) does authorize a distinction between owners or occupants of adjoining property and other persons.  Through application of the expressio unius est exclusio alterius rule, the reference to owners or occupants in the provision implies that a by-law may be passed excluding all other persons from the leasing and licensing scheme.

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Ventes conditionnelles ‑‑ Baux ‑‑ Options d'achat ‑‑ Locataire ayant l'option d'acheter des hélicoptères à leur juste valeur marchande raisonnable à l'expiration du bail ‑‑ Baux non enregistrés en vertu de la Conditional Sales Act ‑‑ Séquestre des biens nommé par le créancier garanti après que le locataire eut manqué à ses engagements aux termes d'un prêt ‑‑ Bailleur réclamant le droit de reprendre possession des hélicoptères conformément aux baux ‑‑ Les baux étaient‑ils des contrats de vente conditionnelle?

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Conditional sales ‑‑ Leases ‑‑ Options to purchase ‑‑ Lessee having option to purchase helicopters for reasonable fair market value at end of lease ‑‑ Leases not registered under Conditional Sales Act ‑‑ Secured creditor appointing receiver for property after lessee defaulted on loan ‑‑ Lessor claiming right to possession of helicopters pursuant to leases ‑‑ Whether leases conditional sales ‑‑ Whether leases had to be registered under Act ‑‑ Conditional Sales Act, R.S.N.S. 1989, c. 84, s. 2(1)(b)(ii).

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Ventes conditionnelles ‑‑ Baux ‑‑ Options d'achat ‑‑ Locataire ayant l'option d'acheter des hélicoptères à leur juste valeur marchande raisonnable à l'expiration du bail ‑‑ Baux non enregistrés en vertu de la Conditional Sales Act ‑‑ Séquestre des biens nommé par le créancier garanti après que le locataire eut manqué à ses engagements aux termes d'un prêt ‑‑ Bailleur réclamant le droit de reprendre possession des hélicoptères conformément aux baux ‑‑ Les baux étaient‑ils des contrats de vente conditionnelle?

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Conditional sales ‑‑ Leases ‑‑ Options to purchase ‑‑ Lessee having option to purchase helicopters for reasonable fair market value at end of lease ‑‑ Leases not registered under Conditional Sales Act ‑‑ Secured creditor appointing receiver for property after lessee defaulted on loan ‑‑ Lessor claiming right to possession of helicopters pursuant to leases ‑‑ Whether leases conditional sales ‑‑ Whether leases had to be registered under Act ‑‑ Conditional Sales Act, R.S.N.S. 1989, c. 84, s. 2(1)(b)(ii).

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La thèse de Keyes, telle qu’elle a été présentée et plaidée devant le juge de première instance, c’est que, dans les derniers mois de 1943, il a obtenu de Harvie une option sur les droits visés par les deux baux du droit d’extraction des alcalis; il a vainement tenté, pendant quelques années, d’intéresser différentes personnes à mettre les propriétés en valeur; et au début de 1948, il a réussi à éveiller l’intérêt d’Astral, avec qui il a fini par conclure la convention du 3 juin 1948.

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Keyes’ case as pleaded and argued before the trial judge was that he had obtained an option from Harvie in the latter part of 1943 to purchase the rights under the two alkali leases; that he had tried, without success for some years, to interest various persons in developing the properties; and that early in 1948 he interested Astral in them, and in the result reached the agreement dated June 3, 1948. The negotiations related to other mining rights held by Keyes as well as to the alleged option. Although no option was produced, nor was there any evidence of an

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Ventes conditionnelles ‑‑ Baux ‑‑ Options d'achat ‑‑ Locataire ayant l'option d'acheter des hélicoptères à leur juste valeur marchande raisonnable à l'expiration du bail ‑‑ Baux non enregistrés en vertu de la Conditional Sales Act ‑‑ Séquestre des biens nommé par le créancier garanti après que le locataire eut manqué à ses engagements aux termes d'un prêt ‑‑ Bailleur réclamant le droit de reprendre possession des hélicoptères conformément aux baux ‑‑ Les baux étaient‑ils des contrats de vente conditionnelle?

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Conditional sales ‑‑ Leases ‑‑ Options to purchase ‑‑ Lessee having option to purchase helicopters for reasonable fair market value at end of lease ‑‑ Leases not registered under Conditional Sales Act ‑‑ Secured creditor appointing receiver for property after lessee defaulted on loan ‑‑ Lessor claiming right to possession of helicopters pursuant to leases ‑‑ Whether leases conditional sales ‑‑ Whether leases had to be registered under Act ‑‑ Conditional Sales Act, R.S.N.S. 1989, c. 84, s. 2(1)(b)(ii).

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12 Selon son libellé, la Loi s'applique aux baux qui comportent une option d'achat. Elle diffère des lois plus modernes sur les sûretés mobilières actuellement en vigueur dans un bon nombre de provinces.

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XII.             The Act by its terms is applicable to leases which contain an option to purchase.  This is different from the more modern Personal Property Security legislation currently enacted in many of the provinces.  That legislation is based on Article 9 of the American Uniform Commercial Code, and deals with concepts such as "security interest" and "security agreement" which are foreign to the Conditional Sales Act.  The issue of whether a lease is intended by way of security or whether it is in substance a security agreement arises under Personal Property Security legislation. Cases decided under Personal Property Security legislation have no application to the case at bar as this appeal turns on the provisions of the somewhat antiquated Conditional Sales Act.

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5 L'intimée, qui voulait obtenir la priorité de rang, a présenté une demande de jugement déclarant que les baux n'étaient pas des contrats de vente conditionnelle au sens de la Conditional Sales Act et qu'elle avait le droit de reprendre possession des hélicoptères conformément aux dispositions des baux.

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V.                The respondent, seeking priority, made an application for a declaration that the leases were not conditional sales contracts under the Conditional Sales Act and that it was entitled to possession of the helicopters in accordance with the provisions of the leases.  The chambers judge held the leases to be conditional sales contracts that had to be registered under the Act and dismissed the application. The Court of Appeal by a majority judgment disagreed and held that the agreements were true leases and not conditional sales contracts: (1993), 108 D.L.R. (4th) 342, 22 C.B.R. (3d) 95, 125 N.S.R. (2d) 297, 349 A.P.R. 297.

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Tant avant qu’après la Confédération, les cours supérieures, de comté ou de district ont donc toujours exercé une compétence exclusive sur le règlement des litiges entre propriétaires et locataires, y compris la résiliation des baux et l’éviction des locataires.

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It is clear, as appears from the judgment of the Court of Appeal, that prior to 1867 in Upper Canada the only tribunals which could make ejectment orders were the Court of Queen’s Bench, the Court of Common Pleas, and the County Court in limited situations, and that only the Court of Chancery could make orders of specific performance or issue mandatory or prohibitory injunction orders. The settlement of disputes between landlords and tenants, including the termination of tenancies and eviction of tenants, has thus always been within the exclusive jurisdiction of the Superior, District and County Court judges both before and after Confederation.

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En vertu d’une cession datée du 6 septembre 1961, de Astral Mining & Resources Limited, une compagnie ontarienne, elle a acquis (selon les termes de la cession): [TRADUCTION «[deux] baux du droit d’extraction des alcalis [soit les nos A-4010 et A-163] délivrés en conformité des Alkali Mining Regulations établis en vertu du Mineral Resources Act de la province de Saskatchewan».

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LASKIN J. (dissenting)—The appellant before this Court is a Crown corporation and as such an agent of the Crown under the Crown Corporations Act, R.S.S. 1965, c. 39. By an assignment of September 6, 1961, from Astral Mining & Resources Limited, an Ontario company, it acquired (in the words of the assignment) “[two] alkali leases [being Nos. A-4010 and A-163] issued pursuant to the Alkali Mining Regulations under the Mineral Resources Act of the Province of Saskatchewan”. The assignment was endorsed with a certificate of consent given under s. 11 of the Alkali Mining Regulations which was as follows:

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Javelin a alors consenti, en tant que bailleur, des baux d’une part à Pickands Mather et à Steel Company of Canada, en tant que preneuses, relativement à la partie ouest du dépôt Wabush et d’autre part à Wabush Iron Company Limited, en tant que preneuse, relativement à la partie est de ce dépôt.

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The Nalco-Javelin (Mineral Lands) Act, 1957 (Nfld.), c. 84, was enacted by the Legislature of Newfoundland. It authorized the Lieutenant Governor in Council to enter into agreements with all of the parties above named. Section 3 provided that such agreements must be substantially similar to the terms of the “statutory agreement” which appeared as a schedule to the Act. Leases were then made between Javelin, as lessor, and Pickands Mather and the Steel Company of Canada, as lessees, covering the westerly portion of the Wabush Deposit, and between Javelin, as lessor, and Wabush Iron Company Limited, as lessee, in respect of the easterly portion of that deposit.

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19 La jurisprudence canadienne appuie la conclusion que la Loi s'applique aux baux dont il est question en l'espèce. Dans l'arrêt Ramsey c. Pioneer Machinery Co. (1981), 37 C.B.R. (N.S.) 193 (C.A. Alb.), le failli avait signé simultanément, à l'égard d'un certain matériel, un bail et un contrat d'option qui ne furent pas enregistrés conformément à la Conditional Sales Act.

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XIX.            The conclusion that the Act applies to the leases in this appeal is supported by Canadian jurisprudence.  In Ramsey v. Pioneer Machinery Co. (1981), 37 C.B.R. (N.S.) 193 (Alta. C.A.), the bankrupt had concurrently executed a lease and an option agreement covering certain equipment.  The lease and option agreements were not registered in accordance with the provisions of the Conditional Sales Act.  (The Alberta Act did not contain the same wording as the Nova Scotia Act, but the import and effect of the legislation are the same.)  The option provided that if the lessee performed the terms of the lease, it would have the option of continuing to rent the equipment, or purchasing it for $9,000, which was the forecasted fair market value at the expiry of the lease.

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Aucun arrêt de cette Cour ne tranche ni n’étudie la question de savoir si les redevances découlant de baux dits miniers sont des intérêts dans un bien-fonds ou dans quelles circonstances, s’il en est, elles peuvent l’être.

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There is no decision of this Court which either pronounces upon or examines royalties under so-called mining leases on the question whether they are or in what, circumstances, if any, they can be interests in land. I speak here of royalties not in the sense of a vested interest in mineral deposits, or in oil or gas, as the case may be, in situ (which is a sense that has been sometimes attributed to them, particularly in a line of American cases, and see Gowan v. Christie[5]), but rather in the sense of a share in or a return on production for permission to exploit certain property or in respect of such exploitation: see Re Dawson and Bell[6], at pp. 838, 842. This is the sense in which it is spelled out in the agreement of June 3, 1948, between Keyes and Astral.

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Au mois d’avril 1927 par exemple, alors qu’il cherchait à obtenir des baux de chutes d’eau sur une autre rivière de l’Ontario, le président de la société a écrit ce qui suit au ministre des Terres et Forêts:

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The second argument advanced by counsel for the Province of Ontario and by the Town is that, as a result of statements made by representatives of the Company in the early years of the agreement relating to the supply of power to the Town, the Company is now estopped from claiming that it is not obliged to provide the Town with all the power it needs. In April of 1927, for example, in the course of seeking water power leases on another Ontario river, the president of the Company wrote to the Minister of Lands and Forests stating that:

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€€Central€Capital€Leasing€(ð ðCentralð ð),€qui€avait€des€inqui tudes€auÐ h Ðsujet€de€la€solvabilit €de€plusieurs€locataires€et€de€certaines€obligations€fiscalesÏ ventuelles€deÏLeasing,€a€propos €une€op ration€par€laquelle€Leasing€formerait,€avec€certaines€filialesÏde€Central,€une€soci t €en€nom€collectif€qui€exercerait€les€m mes€activit s€que€Leasing,Ïtransf rerait€ses€ l ments€dð ðactif€Ô ‡ X •É X X X •É Ô €cette€soci t Ô # † X •É X X X •É® # Ô€„„€ €lð ðexception€des€baux€exclus€„„€enÐ Á ` Ðeffectuant€le€choix€pr vu€au€par.

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ÐÔ_ Ôcertain€contingent€tax€liabilities€of€Leasing,€proposed€a€transaction€whereby€LeasingÏwould€form€a€partnership€with€several€Central€subsidiaries€to€carry€on€the€same€businessÏas€Leasing,€transfer€its€assets€other€than€the€excluded€leases€to€the€partnership€using€anÏelection€under€ñ  ñœñ  ñs.97(2)ñ  ñ›ñ  ñ€of€the€ò òIncome€Tax€Actó ó,€ñ  ñœñ  ñañ  ñ›ñ  ñ€rollover€provision,€ñ  ñœñ  ñdistributeñ  ñ›ñ  ñ€itsÐ 0 È Ðpartnership€interest€to€the€Bank€at€its€cost€base€as€part€of€its€winding„up,€and€then€haveÏthe€Bank€sell€its€interest€to€Central€or€its€subsidiaries.€€ñ  ñœñ  ñAñ  ñ›ñ  ñ€master€agreement€was€signedÏsetting€out€the€various€steps€ñ  ñœñ  ñto€be€executedñ  ñ›ñ  ñ€by€the€parties.€€The€partnership€was€formedÏon€December€24,€ñ  ñœñ  ñ1986;€all€partners,€except€Leasing,€gave€representations€and€warrantiesÏthat€they€were€and€would€remain€duly€registered€and€qualified€to€carry€on€the€businessÏof€the€partnership.ñ  ñ›ñ  ñ€ñ  ñœñ  ñ€Onñ  ñ›ñ  ñ€December€ñ  ñœñ  ñ27,ñ  ñ›ñ  ñ€Leasing€and€the€Bank€signed€an€indentureÏproviding€for€the€transfer€of€Leasingð ðs€partnership€interest€to€the€Bank.€€On€DecemberÏ29,€ñ  ñœñ  ñ1986,ñ  ñ›ñ  ñ€the€Bank€sold€the€interest€in€the€partnership€to€subsidiaries€of€Central.€€ñ  ñœñ  ñLeasingñ  ñ›ñ  ñÏfiled€its€income€tax€return€for€1987€based€on€these€transfers.€€The€Minister€of€NationalÏRevenue€reassessed€Leasing€on€the€basis€that€the€partnership€transaction€was€invalid€andÏthat€the€true€nature€of€the€transaction€was€a€disposition€by€Leasing€of€its€leasing€assetsÏto€Central,€making€the€ñ  ñœñ  ñs.97(2)ñ  ñ›ñ  ñ€election€invalid€and€giving€rise€to€recaptured€capital€costÏallowance€in€the€hands€of€Leasing.€€ñ  ñœñ  ñAsñ  ñ›ñ  ñ€an€alternative€to€the€reassessment€of€Leasing,€theÏMinister€assessed€the€Bank€on€the€basis€that€it€realized€an€income€gain€as€opposed€to€aÏcapital€gain€from€the€disposition€of€the€partnership€interest€it€had€acquired€from€Leasing.€Ïñ  ñœñ  ñTheñ  ñ›ñ  ñ€Tax€Court€of€Canada€concluded€that€the€Bank€properly€reported€the€proceeds€fromÏthe€sale€of€the€partnership€interest€as€a€capital€gain€and€was€not€required€to€include€thoseÏproceeds€on€its€income€account.€€ñ  ñœñ  ñThatñ  ñ›ñ  ñ€decision€was€affirmed€by€the€Federal€Court€ofÏAppeal.ÌÌà œ àò òHeldó ó:€€The€appeal€should€be€dismissed.Ð ¨,@&0 Ðâ âÐ @.Ø'2 Ðà œ àò òPeró ó€ñ  ñœñ  ñGonthier,€Cory,ñ  ñ›ñ  ñ€ñ  ñœñ  ñMcLachlin,ñ  ñ›ñ  ñ€Iacobucci€and€Major€JJ.:€€ñ  ñœñ  ñAssumingñ  ñ›ñ  ñ€that

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2(1)b)(ii) de la Conditional Sales Act, qui définit une «vente conditionnelle» aux fins de la Loi. Il s'agit de déterminer si les baux sont visés par cette définition. Si les baux sont des contrats de vente conditionnelle au sens de la Loi, l'intimée perd alors sa priorité de rang parce qu'elle a omis de s'enregistrer.

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IX.              This appeal raises the interpretation of s. 2(1)(b)(ii) of the Conditional Sales Act, which defines a "conditional sale" for the purposes of the Act.  Whether the leases fall within the scope of that definition is the issue in dispute. If the leases are conditional sale agreements under the definition in the Act, then the respondent loses its priority because of its failure to register.  Conversely if the leases are leases only then the respondent is entitled to possession and priority.  Two questions arise:  does a lease with an option to purchase at fair market value fall within the ambit of s. 2(1)(b)(ii) the Act; and is clause 32 a true option?

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Dans cette affaire, il s’agissait de déterminer si certains baux miniers non expirés et consentis sur des terres de la Saskatchewan par le gouvernement fédéral avant que le Canada cède à la Saskatchewan ses ressources naturelles en 1930, devaient être considérés comme abandonnés lorsque, en 1931, d’autres baux consentis par la province les ont remplacés, ceux-ci étant à leur tour remplacés en 1937.

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Nothing that was decided by this Court in Attorney General of Saskatchewan v. Whiteshore Salt and Chemical Co. Ltd. and Midwest Chemicals Ltd.[9] bears on the issues now before it. That case was concerned with whether certain unexpired mining leases of Saskatchewan land, granted under federal authority before the 1930 transfer to Saskatchewan of its natural resources by Canada, must be taken to have been surrendered when in 1931 the leases were replaced by others granted by the Province, these being in turn replaced in 1937. On the answer to this question depended the liability of the lessees to increased royalties prescribed under provincial law. If there was no surrender, the lessees were protected by a provision of the Natural Resources Agreement of 1930. Kellock J., who spoke for the

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L'intimée n'avait pas le droit de décider si elle allait ou non donner en premier à Pegasus l'occasion d'acquérir les hélicoptères. C'est à Pegasus que revenait le droit, aux termes des baux, de décider si elle voulait acquérir les hélicoptères.

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XXIV.         Clause 32 is not a right of first refusal, or right of pre-emption.  The respondent did not have the right to decide whether or not it was going to give Pegasus the first chance to purchase the helicopters.  The choice was with Pegasus, by virtue of the leases, to decide whether it wished to purchase the helicopters.  It alone had the ability to compel the sale of the helicopters.  As stated by the Chambers judge, the terms of clause 32 gave the lessee on signing the leases the unilateral right to compel the lessor to sell.  I respectfully cannot agree with the Court of Appeal's conclusion that clause 32 was merely a right of pre-emption.

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5 L'intimée, qui voulait obtenir la priorité de rang, a présenté une demande de jugement déclarant que les baux n'étaient pas des contrats de vente conditionnelle au sens de la Conditional Sales Act et qu'elle avait le droit de reprendre possession des hélicoptères conformément aux dispositions des baux.

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V.                The respondent, seeking priority, made an application for a declaration that the leases were not conditional sales contracts under the Conditional Sales Act and that it was entitled to possession of the helicopters in accordance with the provisions of the leases.  The chambers judge held the leases to be conditional sales contracts that had to be registered under the Act and dismissed the application. The Court of Appeal by a majority judgment disagreed and held that the agreements were true leases and not conditional sales contracts: (1993), 108 D.L.R. (4th) 342, 22 C.B.R. (3d) 95, 125 N.S.R. (2d) 297, 349 A.P.R. 297.

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5 L'intimée, qui voulait obtenir la priorité de rang, a présenté une demande de jugement déclarant que les baux n'étaient pas des contrats de vente conditionnelle au sens de la Conditional Sales Act et qu'elle avait le droit de reprendre possession des hélicoptères conformément aux dispositions des baux.

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V.                The respondent, seeking priority, made an application for a declaration that the leases were not conditional sales contracts under the Conditional Sales Act and that it was entitled to possession of the helicopters in accordance with the provisions of the leases.  The chambers judge held the leases to be conditional sales contracts that had to be registered under the Act and dismissed the application. The Court of Appeal by a majority judgment disagreed and held that the agreements were true leases and not conditional sales contracts: (1993), 108 D.L.R. (4th) 342, 22 C.B.R. (3d) 95, 125 N.S.R. (2d) 297, 349 A.P.R. 297.

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Cette preuve, tirée de documents figurant dans les archives publiques, démontre qu'au cours de ces deux périodes la Couronne a toujours eu pour politique claire et précise de refuser d'accorder à perpétuité des droits exclusifs sur des secteurs de pêche. Cependant, elle accordait, à l'égard de secteurs donnés, des licences ou des baux exclusifs pour des périodes déterminées.

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XXVIII.      The historical evidence as to the standard practice of the Crown can be conveniently divided into pre‑ and post‑Confederation periods.  This evidence, taken from documents in the public archives, demonstrates that in both periods there was a clear and specific Crown policy of refusing to grant, in perpetuity, exclusive rights to fishing grounds.  The Crown would, however, grant exclusive licences or leases over particular areas for a fixed period of time.  Obviously this practice was far from an absolute assignment of a fishery right.