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Cependant, l’examen de notre jurisprudence enseigne que, en pratique, l’application du critère de la fonctionnalité a tendu à avantager surtout le pouvoir central, et ce, au point de compromettre l’équilibre de notre fédéralisme (voir H. Brun, G. Tremblay et E. Brouillet, Droit constitutionnel (5e éd. 2008), p.
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[103] After hesitating between two static tests for integration — a more exacting one of a necessary connection and a more flexible one of a mere functional relationship — the Court finally resolved the conflict by incorporating both these concepts into a single dynamic test. The degree of integration required — whether a functional relationship or a necessary connection — will depend on the extent to which the impugned provisions represent an overflow. If the overflow from the jurisdiction of the government that adopted the rules is minor, mere functional integration of the rules into a valid statute will suffice. If it is major, the court cannot find the provisions valid unless they have a necessary connection with a valid statute. This dynamic solution, which was adopted in General Motors of Canada Ltd. v. City National Leasing, [1989] 1 S.C.R. 641, has since been reiterated in, inter alia, Kitkatla Band v. British Columbia (Minister of Small Business, Tourism and Culture), 2002 SCC 31, [2002] 2 S.C.R. 146, and Kirkbi AG v. Ritvik Holdings Inc., 2005 SCC 65, [2005] 3 S.C.R. 302.
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