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The penetrometer basically consists of a measuring device, a probing rod and a probing cone. The instrument is pressed into the ground at a right angle by applying pressure to both handles. Jerky pressing results in non-representative readings that are overestimated for specific soils. The resistance measured by the probe cone is shown by the black pointer of the manometer. The maximum resistance recorded during the measurement is shown by the red pointer. The penetration resistance of the soil (kPa/cm²) can be determined by dividing the displayed value by the surface area of the probe cone. The value to be expected for the penetration resistance determines the surface of the probe cone to be used. For higher values, a smaller cone is used.
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