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Keybot 2 Results  congthuongthainguyen.gov.vn
  Kobiety na europejskim ...  
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Aspektem systemu emerytalnego, który może negatywnie wpływać na skłonność starszych kobiet do pozostawania w zatrudnieniu są wysokie stopy zastąpienia (tj. względnie wysokie emerytury w stosunku do wynagrodzeń), zniechęcające do pozostawania w zatrudnieniu zwłaszcza osoby o niskich dochodach z pracy.
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Evidence from countries that have already increased women’s retirement age suggests that this has a crucial impact on postpones women‘s withdrawal from the labour market. By 2040 the number of countries that has different pensionable ages of men and women is expected to decrease from 12 to 3. At the same time, the legal retirement  age for women will increase in 19 member states. Another aspect of pension system that can negatively affect women’s employment rates are high replacement rates that discourage continued employment, especially for people on low incomes. Current pension system reforms introducing a closer link between lifetime contributions and pension benefits, are expected to increase employment rates among older women.
  Wpływ termomodernizacji...  
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Przedmiotem opracowania jest ocena bezpośredniego wpływu zwiększenia działań termomodernizacyjnych w budynkach mieszkalnych na rynek pracy w Polsce. Wyróżniamy osiem klas budynków, dla których kwantyfikujemy pracochłonność ociepleń i modernizacji instalacji grzewczej.
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This paper analyses the potential direct impact of intensifying residential energy retrofitting on the Polish labour market. We distinguish eight building classes, for which we quantify the labour intensity of improvements to building insulation and heating systems. We account for work performed by low-, medium- and high-skilled workers. We define the baseline scenario of maintaining the current rate of retrofitting and three scenarios of its acceleration (up to two times) and increased comprehensiveness. We estimate the resulting additional labour demand and changes to the unemployment rate at the country and NUTS2 region level. Our results show that the most ambitious scenario of increased energy retrofitting would see the creation of approx. 100,000 additional jobs nationwide per year, with the majority of this added demand concerning low-skilled persons. This effect is predominantly caused by energy retrofits to single-family buildings. The effect of building insulation retrofits on the labour demand is 3-4 times greater than the effect of heating and hot water system upgrades.