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Keybot 142 Résultats  scc.lexum.org
  Supreme Court of Canada...  
Supreme Court. “Practice Direction:  Television Coverage of Court Proceedings”. PD – 23, July 1, 2010 (online: http://www.courts.gov.bc.ca/Supreme_Court/practice_and_procedure/civil_practice_directions.aspx).
Règles de procédure de la Cour supérieure du Québec, chambre criminelle (2002), TR/2002‑46, règles 4, 7, 8A [aj. TR/2005‑19, (2005) 139 Gaz. Can. II, 417, art. 1], 8B [idem].
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, xà U ô \ PŽ 6G ; à Pþþþþþþþÿþÿÿÿþÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿþþþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ Ý ‘ 7 j C : , ’…X j ô \ PŽ 6G ; X Pþþþþþþþÿþÿÿÿþÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿþþþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ˜ Ü “ 5 h C : , ½½X h ô * f 9 xŽ r G ; X Xþþþþþþþÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿþþþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ Þ ‘ 7 n C : , / „4X n ô 4 pŽ –ÂG ; X þþþþþþþÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿþþþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿt , X 5 . , / Ûà X ô 4 pŽ –ÂG ; à þþþþþþþÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿþþþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ è ‘ 7 n C : , / „4X n ô 4 pŽ –ÂG ; X þþþþþþþÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿÿÿÿÿþþþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿZ ÿÿ’ 6 j C : , D E3X j ô ¶ è 9 xŽ OG ; X ˜þþþþþþþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿþþþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ} P } P } P } P } P } P } Z } Z = - = - = - = - ‚ Z P } Z j - j H j - j @ j - s ûÿ 2 ÿÿO US ÿÿz Q ¤U " ‚ m ‚ Û + ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ^:Lpdd¨œDDDdp4D48ddddddddddDDpppd¨„„„„„œLd„|°|„p|„°„||D8DpdDddXdXDdp88d8œpdddLL8pX„dXLD,DpéD4pp DDD 4 DDDDDD dDd8 „d„d„d„d„d¼„X„X„X„X„XL8L8L8L8pddddpppp|X„dddd|Xd|d„d„d„d„X„X„X„X”„X„X„X„XddddddœpœpL8L8L8L8¤pd „d|8|h|8|L|8pŒppdd¼„L„L„LpLpLpLpL|l|8|8pppppp°„|X|L|L|L d|8p„LpL|8|X|X”dp 4 dd C 8CWŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddddNHxxH ddLdddddÀd4
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  Supreme Court of Canada...  
British Columbia recently adopted new rules, but it is too soon to assess their effectiveness (Supreme Court of British Columbia, “Practice Direction: Television Coverage of Court Proceedings”, PD – 23, July 1, 2010 (online)).
[95] Je souligne que la plupart des provinces ont également adopté des mesures visant à limiter les activités journalistiques à l’extérieur des salles d’audience (par exemple, l’Ontario interdit toute prise d’image d’une personne dans un palais de justice s’il existe des motifs valables de croire qu’elle se rend à une audience ou la quitte (Loi sur les tribunaux judiciaires, L.R.O. 1990, ch. C.43, sous-al. 136(1)a)(iii)); la Nouvelle-Écosse a désigné des zones pour l’utilisation des caméras sur les différents étages des palais de justice visés, et les entrevues doivent se tenir à des endroits déterminés (Guidelines for Press, Media, and Public Access to the Courts of Nova Scotia, Appendix A (2008) (en ligne)).  La Colombie-Britannique a récemment adopté de nouvelles règles, mais il est trop tôt pour évaluer leur efficacité (Cour suprême de la Colombie-Britannique, « Practice Direction : Television Coverage of Court Proceedings », PD – 23, 1er juillet 2010 (en ligne)). Pour ce qui est de la diffusion des enregistrements des audiences, toutes les provinces réglementent cette question.
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€231(5)€list€of€enumerated€offences.Ý ƒ % PDh4 ƒ4 ÝŒÐ Ä ' ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD 9 Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú3Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àI€agree€with€the€appellant€that€for€s.€231(5)€to€raise€murder€from€second€degree€to€firstÐ t Ðdegree€the€Crown€must€prove€that€the€killing€occurred€as€part€of€a€continuing€series€of€eventsÐ L è Ðconstituting€a€single€transaction€that€establishes€not€only€the€killing€but€also€the€distinct€offence€ofÐ $ À Ðunlawful€confinement.€€However,€if€unlawful€confinement€is€established,€the€fact€that€the€series€ofÐ ü ˜ Ðevents€€discloses€in€addition€a€robbery€does€not€bar€or€alter€the€operation€of€s.€231(5)(ò òeó ó).Ý ƒ % PD 9 +9 ÝŒÐ Ô p ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PDû; Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú4Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àIn€this€case€there€was€ample€evidence€of€unlawful€confinement.€€The€appellant€admitsÐ „ Ðthat€he€is€the€person€who€eventually€buried€the€body€of€Mrs.€Skolos.€€As€he€did€so€he€noted€a€patchÐ \ ø Ðof€blood€(thought€to€be€the€entry€point€of€a€bullet)€on€the€back€of€her€head.€This€suggested€that€sheÐ 4 Ð Ðwas€shot€while€already€under€the€control€of€the€assailant.€€The€appellant€testified€that€he€had€earlierÐ "¨ Ðplanned€the€robbery€with€another€person,€and€their€plan€included€use€of€a€gun.€€There€was€evidenceÐ ä#€ Ðthat€the€assailant€kept€the€victim€under€control€for€a€significant€period€of€time€prior€to€the€murder.€Ð ¼%X " ÐThe€marijuana€was€stashed€250€to€300€metres€from€the€farmhouse€at€a€location€kept€secret€by€Mrs.Ð ”'0!
Ðdu€minist re€public€et€a€prononc €un€verdict€de€meurtre€au€premier€degr .€Ý ƒ % PDß2 ú2 ݌Р° ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PDP7 Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú2Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àLð ðappelant€soutient€que€les€jur s€ne€disposaient€dð ðaucun€ l ment€de€preuve€leurÐ Ä ` Ðpermettant,€sð ðils€avaient€re u€des€directives€appropri es,€de€tirer€une€telle€conclusion.€€Toute€laÐ œ 8 Ðpreuve€qui€pesait€contre€lui€( €part€quelques€aveux€faits€dans€une€d claration€ €la€police)€ taitÐ t Ðcirconstancielle.€€Il€ne€suffisait€pas,€selon€lui,€que€le€minist re€public€ tablisse€que€la€s questrationÐ L è Ð tait€accessoire€au€vol€qualifi .€€Le€jury€aurait€dðE ð€recevoir€des€directives€en€ce€sens.€€Le€vol€qualifi ,Ð $ À Ðcontrairement€ €la€s questration,€nð ðest€pas€une€infraction€sous-jacente€selon€le€par.231(5).€Ð ü ˜ ÐLð ðappelant€ajoute€que€lð ðexpos €au€jury€avait€pour€effet€de€faire€du€vol€qualifi €une€infractionÐ Ô p Ðsous-jacente,€ce€qui€prolonge€sa€p riode€dð ðinadmissibilit € €la€lib ration€conditionnelle,€la€faisantÐ ¬ H Ðpasser€de€10€ans€ €25ans,€contrairement€ €la€volont €du€l gislateur,€qui€a€ tabli€une€liste€restreinteÐ „ Ðdð ðinfractions€donnant€lieu€ €lð ðapplication€du€par.231(5).Ý ƒ % PDP7 k7 ݌Р\ ø ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD‡ Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú3Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àJe€reconnais€avec€lð ðappelant€que€le€minist re€public€doit,€pour€quð ðun€meurtre€auÐ "¨ Ðdeuxi me€degr €puisse€ tre€assimil € €un€meurtre€au€premier€degr €par€application€du€par.231(5),Ð ä#€ Ðprouver€que€le€meurtre€faisait€partie€dð ðune€s rie€continue€dð ð v nements€constituant€une€seuleÐ ¼%X " Ðop ration€qui€ tablit€non€seulement€le€meurtre€mais€ galement€lð ðinfraction€distincte€de€s questration.€Ð ”'0!$ ÐToutefois,€si€la€s questration€est€ tablie,€le€fait€que€la€s rie€dð ð v nements€r v le€en€plus€un€volÐ l) #& Ðqualifi €nð ðemp che€pas€lð ðapplication€de€lð ðal.231(5)ò òeó ó).Ý ƒ % PD‡ ¢ ݌РD+à$( ÐŒÝ ÝÐ -¸&* ÐÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PDç? Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú4Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àEn€lð ðesp ce,€il€y€avait€amplement€de€preuves€d montrant€la€s questration.€Lð ðappelantÐ d Ðadmet€que€cð ðest€lui€qui€finalement€a€enterr €le€corps€de€Mò òmeó óSkolos.€€ð ð€ce€moment,€il€a€remarqu €uneÐ
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€Ý ƒ % PD–T ±T ÝŒÐ Ä ' ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PDíV Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú11Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àThe€appellant€testified€that€he€and€Wall€lifted€the€trunks€of€marijuana€out€of€Wallð ðs€truckÐ t Ðand€put€them€into€a€shed.€The€appellant€also€said€he€told€Wall€that€he€would€bury€the€victimð ðs€bodyÐ L è Ðin€a€hole€he€had€already€dug€for€someone€else€(a€target€in€a€different€dispute).€€The€appellant€laterÐ $ À Ðwent€back€and€retrieved€the€trunks€after€Wall€had€left.€€He€testified€that€after€burying€the€victimÐ ü ˜ Ð(noting€the€blood€on€the€back€of€her€head)€he€covered€over€the€hole€with€debris€and€leaves€to€makeÐ Ô p Ðthe€ground€look€unaltered.€Then€he€returned€to€his€girlfriend€at€a€motel€loaded€with€the€marijuanaÐ ¬ H Ðand€cash.€Ý ƒ % PDíV W ݌Р„ ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PDyZ Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú12Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àBill€Wall€testified€at€length.€€He€denied€everything.€€He€said€he€never€€discussed€rippingÐ 4 Ð Ðoff€the€marijuana€shipment€at€the€Skolos€farm€with€the€appellant.€€He€had€no€reason€to€do€so.€€HeÐ "¨ Ðhad€a€profitable€ongoing€business€relationship€with€the€victim€and€her€husband.€Ý ƒ % PDyZ ”Z ݌Рä#€ ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PDb\ Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú13Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àThe€appellantð ðs€girlfriend€testified€that€on€the€night€in€question,€he€left€their€motel€roomÐ ”'0!
Ðcorps€nð ða€jamais€ t €trouv .€€Bill€Wall€a€ni €toute€participation.€Le€minist re€public€a€maintenu€lesÐ ° Ðaccusations€de€meurtre€au€premier€degr .Ý ƒ % PD•R °R ÝŒÐ ì ˆ ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PDHW Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú9Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àLa€d claration€faite€par€lð ðappelant€le€19janvier2000€ tait€dans€lð ðensemble€compatibleÐ œ 8 Ðavec€le€t moignage€quð ðil€a€livr €au€proc s.€€Il€a€dit€avoir€discut €pendant€de€nombreux€mois€avec€BillÐ t ÐWall€du€plan€de€voler€la€marijuana€des€Skolos€en€utilisant€une€arme€ €feu€pour€obtenir€leurÐ L è Ðð ðcoop rationð ð.€€Il€pr tend€avoir€rencontr €Bill€Wall€par€hasard€le€23novembre,€qui€lui€aurait€alorsÐ $ À Ðdit€que€le€plan€serait€mis€ €ex cution€le€m me€soir.€€Celui-ci€lui€aurait€dit€que€la€marijuana€avait€ t Ð ü ˜ Ðlivr e€ €la€ferme€des€Skolos€et€que€lui€et€un€de€ses€collaborateurs€sð ðy€rendraient€pour€en€prendreÐ Ô p Ðpossession.€€Lð ðappelant€ne€devait€pas,€selon€M.Wall,€participer€au€vol,€mais€ils€ taient€tous€cens sÐ ¬ H Ðse€rencontrer€plus€tard€ce€soir-l .Ý ƒ % PDHW cW ݌Р„ ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PDs[ Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú10Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àLð ðappelant€a€t moign €que,€lorsque€Bill€Wall€sð ðest€pr sent €avec€deux€coffres€deÐ 4 Ð Ðmarijuana,€celui-ci€lui€a€dit€quð ðil€avait€accidentellement€tir €sur€Mò òmeó óSkolos.€€BillWall€lui€aurait€ditÐ "¨ Ðque€le€coup€de€feu€ tait€parti€accidentellement€pendant€quð ðil€revenait€de€la€planque€ €la€maison€avecÐ ä#€ Ðla€victime,€mais€quð ðil€[ò òtraductionó ó]€ð ðcontinuait€ €tirer€sur€elleð ð€et€quð ðil€ð ðavait€compl tement€perduÐ ¼%X " Ðla€t teð ð.€Ý ƒ % PDs[ Ž[ ݌Р”'0!$ ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD5^ Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú11Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àDans€son€t moignage,€lð ðappelant€a€indiqu €que€lui€et€M.Wall€ont€sorti€les€coffres€deÐ D+à$( Ðmarijuana€du€camion€de€M.€Wall€et€les€ont€plac s€dans€une€remise.€€Il€aurait€ galement€dit€ €celui-ciÐ -¸&* Ðquð ðil€enterrerait€le€corps€de€la€victime€dans€un€trou€quð ðil€avait€d j €creus €pour€y€cacher€le€corps€deÐ d Ðquelquð ðun€dð ðautre€(personne-cible€dans€une€autre€affaire).€€Il€est€par€la€suite€revenu€r cup rer€lesÐ
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€€ò òSupreme€Court€of€British€Columbia€(Preston€J.)ó óÐ œ 8 ÐÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD!' Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú14Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àThe€trial€was€long€and€complex,€beginning€with€130€days€of€ò òvoir€dires€ó óand€motions.
Ðcoffres€apr s€le€d part€de€M.€Wall.€€Il€a€t moign €quð ðapr s€avoir€enterr €la€victime€(remarquant€laÐ ° Ðtache€de€sang€derri re€sa€t te)€il€a€combl €le€trou€avec€des€d blais€et€des€feuilles€pour€que€le€solÐ ì ˆ Ðparaisse€intact.€€Il€est€ensuite€all €rejoindre€sa€petite€amie€ €un€motel,€bourr €de€marijuana€et€dð ðargent.Ð Ä ` ÐÝ ƒ % PD5^ P^ ÝŒÌŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD4b Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú12Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àBill€Wall€a€longuement€t moign .€€Il€a€tout€ni .€€Il€a€dit€nð ðavoir€jamais€discut €avecÐ L è Ðlð ðappelant€de€lð ð ventuel€vol€de€la€cargaison€de€marijuana€ €la€ferme€des€Skolos.€€Il€nð ðavait€aucuneÐ $ À Ðraison€de€le€faire.€€Il€entretenait€une€relation€dð ðaffaires€fructueuse€avec€la€victime€et€son€mari.Ý ƒ % PD4b Ob ݌Рü ˜ ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD=d Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú13Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àLa€petite€amie€de€lð ðappelant€a€t moign €que,€le€soir€en€question,€il€sð ðest€absent €de€laÐ ¬ H Ðchambre€du€motel€pendant€environ€huit€heures€et€est€revenu€avec€deux€coffres€remplis€de€marijuanaÐ „ Ðet€une€importante€somme€dð ðargent€de€frað3 ðche€date.€€Elle€a€ galement€dirig €les€policiers€vers€lð ðun€desÐ \ ø Ðdeux€coffres€vol s€dont€lð ðappelant€sð ð tait€d barrass €en€le€lan ant€par-dessus€un€talus.€€ð ð€lð ðint rieurÐ 4 Ð Ðdu€coffre,€les€policiers€ont€trouv €un€sac€de€plastique€portant€lð ðempreinte€du€pouce€de€lð ðappelant.€Ð "¨ ÐLes€policiers€ont€ tabli€quð ðil€sð ðagissait€du€m me€genre€de€sac€de€plastique€dans€lequel€Myles€SkolosÐ ä#€ Ðgardait€sa€provision€personnelle€de€ð ðbourgeonsð ð.€Ý ƒ % PD=d Xd ݌Р¼%X " Ðâ âŒÝ ÝÐ ”'0!$ ÐÔ& 8 Ôâ ââ âII.ò òHistorique€judiciaireÐ d Ðó óÌA.ò òCour€supr me€de€la€Colombie-Britannique€(le€juge€Preston)ó óÐ ° ÐÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PDêh Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú14Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àLe€proc s,€qui€a€d but €avec€130€jours€de€voir-dire€et€de€requ tes,€a€ t €Ô' 8 d ;h Ôlong€et€complexe.€Ð Ä ` ÐLe€minist re€public€a€clos€sa€preuve€apr s€avoir€fait€entendre€73t moins€et€d pos €141pi ces,€dontÐ œ 8 Ðdes€enregistrements€sonores.€€Apr s€le€rejet€dð ðune€demande€de€verdict€impos €de€meurtre€au€premierÐ t Ðdegr €([2002]€B.C.J.€No.2964€(QL),€2002€BCSC€1387),€la€d fense€a€fait€entendre€neuf€t moins,€dontÐ L è Ðlð ðaccus .€€Le€juge€du€proc s€a€distribu €une€copie€de€son€expos € €chaque€jur .€€Voici€un€extrait€deÐ $ À Ðses€directives€sur€la€question€de€la€s questration€dans€le€contexte€de€lð ðal.231(5)ò òeó ó):Ý ƒ % PDêh i ݌Рü ˜ ÐŒÝ ÝÌÓ Óà0 p àà Ì à[ò òtraductionó ó]€€Un€meurtre€est€assimil € €un€meurtre€au€premier€degr €seulementÐ ¬ H Ðsð ðil€a€
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€€ò òSupreme€Court€of€British€Columbia€(Preston€J.)ó óÐ œ 8 ÐÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD!' Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú14Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àThe€trial€was€long€and€complex,€beginning€with€130€days€of€ò òvoir€dires€ó óand€motions.
Ðcoffres€apr s€le€d part€de€M.€Wall.€€Il€a€t moign €quð ðapr s€avoir€enterr €la€victime€(remarquant€laÐ ° Ðtache€de€sang€derri re€sa€t te)€il€a€combl €le€trou€avec€des€d blais€et€des€feuilles€pour€que€le€solÐ ì ˆ Ðparaisse€intact.€€Il€est€ensuite€all €rejoindre€sa€petite€amie€ €un€motel,€bourr €de€marijuana€et€dð ðargent.Ð Ä ` ÐÝ ƒ % PD5^ P^ ÝŒÌŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD4b Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú12Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àBill€Wall€a€longuement€t moign .€€Il€a€tout€ni .€€Il€a€dit€nð ðavoir€jamais€discut €avecÐ L è Ðlð ðappelant€de€lð ð ventuel€vol€de€la€cargaison€de€marijuana€ €la€ferme€des€Skolos.€€Il€nð ðavait€aucuneÐ $ À Ðraison€de€le€faire.€€Il€entretenait€une€relation€dð ðaffaires€fructueuse€avec€la€victime€et€son€mari.Ý ƒ % PD4b Ob ݌Рü ˜ ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD=d Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú13Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àLa€petite€amie€de€lð ðappelant€a€t moign €que,€le€soir€en€question,€il€sð ðest€absent €de€laÐ ¬ H Ðchambre€du€motel€pendant€environ€huit€heures€et€est€revenu€avec€deux€coffres€remplis€de€marijuanaÐ „ Ðet€une€importante€somme€dð ðargent€de€frað3 ðche€date.€€Elle€a€ galement€dirig €les€policiers€vers€lð ðun€desÐ \ ø Ðdeux€coffres€vol s€dont€lð ðappelant€sð ð tait€d barrass €en€le€lan ant€par-dessus€un€talus.€€ð ð€lð ðint rieurÐ 4 Ð Ðdu€coffre,€les€policiers€ont€trouv €un€sac€de€plastique€portant€lð ðempreinte€du€pouce€de€lð ðappelant.€Ð "¨ ÐLes€policiers€ont€ tabli€quð ðil€sð ðagissait€du€m me€genre€de€sac€de€plastique€dans€lequel€Myles€SkolosÐ ä#€ Ðgardait€sa€provision€personnelle€de€ð ðbourgeonsð ð.€Ý ƒ % PD=d Xd ݌Р¼%X " Ðâ âŒÝ ÝÐ ”'0!$ ÐÔ& 8 Ôâ ââ âII.ò òHistorique€judiciaireÐ d Ðó óÌA.ò òCour€supr me€de€la€Colombie-Britannique€(le€juge€Preston)ó óÐ ° ÐÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PDêh Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú14Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àLe€proc s,€qui€a€d but €avec€130€jours€de€voir-dire€et€de€requ tes,€a€ t €Ô' 8 d ;h Ôlong€et€complexe.€Ð Ä ` ÐLe€minist re€public€a€clos€sa€preuve€apr s€avoir€fait€entendre€73t moins€et€d pos €141pi ces,€dontÐ œ 8 Ðdes€enregistrements€sonores.€€Apr s€le€rejet€dð ðune€demande€de€verdict€impos €de€meurtre€au€premierÐ t Ðdegr €([2002]€B.C.J.€No.2964€(QL),€2002€BCSC€1387),€la€d fense€a€fait€entendre€neuf€t moins,€dontÐ L è Ðlð ðaccus .€€Le€juge€du€proc s€a€distribu €une€copie€de€son€expos € €chaque€jur .€€Voici€un€extrait€deÐ $ À Ðses€directives€sur€la€question€de€la€s questration€dans€le€contexte€de€lð ðal.231(5)ò òeó ó):Ý ƒ % PDêh i ݌Рü ˜ ÐŒÝ ÝÌÓ Óà0 p àà Ì à[ò òtraductionó ó]€€Un€meurtre€est€assimil € €un€meurtre€au€premier€degr €seulementÐ ¬ H Ðsð ðil€a€
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€€I€would€therefore€dismissÐ Ä ' Ðthe€appeal.Ý ƒ % PDû; ݌Рœ 8 ÐŒÝ ÝÌI.€€ò òFactsó óÐ L è ÐÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD D Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú5Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àIn€November€1995,€a€ð ðwholesaleð ð€drug€supplier€named€Myles€Skolos€received€a€largeÐ ü ˜ Ðshipment€of€marijuana€at€the€farm€where€he€lived€with€his€wife,€Pirkko.€€They€hid€the€marijuana€inÐ Ô p Ðthree€trunks€at€a€ð ðstashð ð.€€Some€time€later€he€left€to€attend€his€brotherð ðs€funeral€on€Vancouver€IslandÐ ¬ H Ðleaving€his€wife€behind.€€When€he€returned,€his€wife€was€missing,€as€were€her€wallet€and€someÐ „ Ðcheques.€€The€footprints€of€himself€and€his€wife€and€those€of€at€least€one€other€person€could€be€seenÐ \ ø Ðin€the€snow€leading€to€the€location€of€the€stash.€€Two€of€the€trunks€and€all€of€the€marijuana€wereÐ 4 Ð Ðgone.Ý ƒ % PD D #D ݌Р"¨ ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD‹G Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú6Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àWhen€the€police€searched€the€farm,€it€appeared€that€a€large€truck€or€vehicle€had€drivenÐ ¼%X " Ðup€the€driveway,€but€no€distinctive€tire€pattern€imprints€could€be€identified.€There€was€no€sign€of€aÐ ”'0!
Ðtache€de€sang€(quð ðon€croit€ tre€le€point€dð ðentr e€dð ðune€balle)€ €lð ðarri re€de€la€t te€de€la€victime.€€CelaÐ ° Ðtend€ €indiquer€quð ðelle€ tait€d j €sous€la€domination€de€son€agresseur€lorsquð ðelle€a€ t €abattue.€Ð ì ˆ ÐLð ðappelant€a€t moign €quð ðil€avait€initialement€pr vu€de€commettre€le€vol€qualifi €avec€une€autreÐ Ä ` Ðpersonne€et€que€leur€plan€comportait€lð ðutilisation€dð ðune€arme€ €feu.€€Il€ressort€de€la€preuve€queÐ œ 8 Ðlð ðagresseur€a€gard €la€victime€sous€sa€domination€pendant€assez€longtemps€avant€le€meurtre.€€LaÐ t Ðmarijuana€ tait€planqu e€ €250-300€m tres€de€la€maison,€ €un€endroit€que€Mò òmeó óSkolos€et€son€mariÐ L è Ðgardaient€secret.€€Il€fallait€dð ðabord€la€localiser,€puis€la€transporter€de€la€ð ðplanqueð ð€au€camion€quiÐ $ À Ðattendait.€€Lð ðappelant€fait€remarquer€quð ðil€nð ðy€avait€aucune€preuve€de€lutte€ou€de€tentative€de€fuite.€Ð ü ˜ ÐEn€fait,€dit-il,€rien€ne€porte€ €croire€que€la€victime€a€refus €de€coop rer.€€ð ð€mon€avis,€toutefois,€leÐ Ô p Ðjury€pouvait€parfaitement€conclure€que€cð ðest€sous€la€menace€dð ðune€arme€ €feu€que€lð ðappelant€a€amen Ð ¬ H Ðla€victime€ €ð ðcoop rerð ð,€cð ðest- -dire€ €lui€indiquer€lð ðemplacement€de€la€planque€et€peut- tre€ €servirÐ „ Ðde€ð ðmuleð ð€pour€lð ðaider€ €transporter€la€marijuana€jusquð ð €son€camion€(comme€il€lð ðavait€dð ðailleursÐ \ ø Ðpr vu,€selon€ses€propres€d clarations)€avant€quð ðelle€ne€soit€tu e.€€Les€directives€du€juge€ €ce€sujet€ontÐ 4 Ð Ðplutð= ðt€ t €indðE ðment€favorables€ €lð ðappelant.€Le€jury€ tait€en€droit€de€prononcer€un€verdict€de€meurtreÐ "¨ Ðau€premier€degr .€€Je€suis€donc€dð ðavis€de€rejeter€le€pourvoi.€Ý ƒ % PDç? @ ݌Рä#€ ÐŒÝ ÝÌÔ& ˆ ÔI.ò òLes€faitsó óÐ ”'0!$ ÐÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD I Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú5Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àEn€novembre€1995,€un€fournisseur€ð ðen€grosð ð€de€drogue,€Myles€Skolos,€Ô' ˆ ”'áH Ôa€re u€unÐ D+à$( Ðimportant€chargement€de€marijuana€ €la€ferme€o €il€vivait€avec€sa€femme,€Pirkko.€€Ils€ont€mis€laÐ -¸&* Ðmarijuana€dans€trois€coffres€quð ðils€ont€cach s€dans€une€ð ðplanqueð ð.€€Quelque€temps€plus€tard,€M.Ð d ÐSkolos€a€laiss €sa€femme€pour€aller€ €lð ðenterrement€de€son€fr re€sur€lð ðð3 ðle€de€Vancouver.€€ð ð€son€retour,Ð
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dûÿ 2 D ÿÿX @ ÿÿ ‡ O sA X ÂC Þ ‘ 7 j C : , ’…X j ô \ PŽ 6G ; X Pþþþþþþþÿ ÿÿÿ ÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿþþþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ˜ “ 5 h C : , ½½X h ô * f 9 xŽ r G ; X Xþþþþþþþÿÿÿÿÿ ÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿþþþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ ‘ 7 n C : , ' „4X n ô 4 pŽ –ÂG ; X þþþþþþþÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿþþþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿZ ÿÿ’ 6 j C : , E3X j ô ¶ è 9 xŽ OG ; X ˜þþþþþþþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿþÿÿÿÿÿÿþþþÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ " ‚ m ‚ Û + ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿ^:DpddȨDDDdp4D48ddddddddddDDpppd¼„„|œœLdœ„¼œ|œp„È„D8DtdDdpXpXDdp8Dp8¨pdppXLDpdddXP,PhéD4ht DDD 4 DDDDDD dDp8 dddddȐX„X„X„X„XJ8J8J8J8pœdœdœdœdppppddpšdœdddzpdddXXXX”„X„X„X„XœdœdœdœdœdœdœpœpL8L8L8L8¢pd œp„8„Z„8„P„8pppœdœdƐXXXpLpLpLpL„f„D„DppppppȐd„X„X„X p„8pXpL„Ddd’œdp 4 dd C 6CWŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒŒxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxNHxxH jdDdddddÀd
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€231(5)(ò òeó ó)€is€whether,€in€addition€to€murder,€theÐ L è Ðnecessary€elements€of€confinement€(s. €279(2))€have€been€established€on€the€evidence.Ý ƒ % PD÷— ˜ ݌Р$ À ÐŒÝ ÝÌA. €€ò òUnlawful€ConfinementÐ Ô p ÐÌó óÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD  Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú24Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àThe€authorities€establish€that€if€for€any€significant€period€of€time€Mrs.
Ðlð ðencontre€de€lð ðintention€du€l gislateur,€car€il€permettrait€quð ðun€crime€ò ònon€ num r ó ó€ €la€liste€duÐ ° Ðpar.231(5)€serve€ €att nuer€lð ðeffet€de€cette€disposition.Ý ƒ % PDÚ¤ õ¤ ÝŒÐ ì ˆ ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PDM§ Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú23Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àLð ðappelant€fait€remarquer€que€le€vol€qualifi €ò ò taitó ó€une€infraction€sous-jacente€au€meurtreÐ œ 8 Ðselon€lð ðart.230€du€ò òCode€crimineló ó,€qui€visait,€dans€certaines€circonstances,€ € liminer€lð ðexigence€deÐ t Ðfaire€la€preuve€dð ðune€pr vision€subjective€de€la€mort€et€qui€a€ t €annul €par€la€Cour€dans€ò òR.€c.Ð L è ÐMartineauó ó,€[1990]€2€R.C.S.€633.€€Il€soutient€que€le€minist re€public€cherche,€sur€le€fondement€du€par.Ð $ À Ð231(5),€ €obtenir€de€fa on€d tourn e€ce€quð ðil€nð ða€pu€obtenir€directement€en€sð ðappuyant€sur€lð ðart.230,Ð ü ˜ Ðcð ðest- -dire€faire€du€vol€qualifi €une€infraction€sous-jacente.€€Soit€dit€en€tout€respect,€ce€raisonnementÐ Ô p Ðnð ðest€pas€convaincant.€€Il€est€question€de€s questration€ €lð ðal.231(5)ò òeó ó).€€Cð ðest€lð ðappelant€et€non€leÐ ¬ H Ðl gislateur€qui€a€introduit€le€vol€qualifi €dans€lð ðargument€fond €sur€lð ðal.231(5)ò òeó ó).€€En€ce€qui€concerneÐ „ Ðlð ðal.231(5)ò òeó ó),€la€Cour€doit€d cider€si,€en€plus€du€meurtre,€les€ l ments€constitutifs€de€lð ðinfraction€deÐ \ ø Ðs questration€ont€ t € tablis€(par.279(2)).Ý ƒ % PDM§ h§ ݌Р4 Ð ÐŒÝ ÝÌÔ& ˆ ÔA.ò òLa€s questrationÐ ä#€ ÐÌó óÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD ­ Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú24Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àSelon€la€jurisprudence,€si€pendant€un€laps€de€temps€assez€long€Mò òmeó óSkolosÔ' ˆ ä#ά Ô€a€ t €soumiseÐ ”'0!$ Ð €la€contrainte€physique€ou€forc e€dð ðagir€contre€sa€volont ,€de€sorte€quð ðelle€nð ð tait€pas€libre€de€sesÐ l) #& Ðmouvements,€il€sð ðagit€dð ðune€s questration€au€sens€du€par.279(2):€voir€ò òLuxtonó ó,€p.723;€ò òR.€c.€Grattonó óÐ D+à$( Ð(1985),€18€C.C.C.€(3d)€462€(C.A.€Ont.),€le€juge€Cory,€p.475;€ò òR.€c.€Tremblayó ó,€[1997]€J.Q.€nò òoó ó1816Ð -¸&* Ð(QL),€le€juge€LeBel€(maintenant€juge€de€notre€Cour),€par.15-17;€et€ò òR.€c.€Mullingsó ó,€2005€CarswellOntÐ d Ð3022€(C.S.J.),€le€juge€Durno,€par.39.€Ý ƒ % PD ­ %­ ÝŒÐ
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€231(5)(ò òeó ó). Ý ƒ % PD¨Ñ ÃÑ ÝŒÐ ° ÐŒÝ ÝÌD. €€ò òThe€Temporal€and€Causal€ConnectionÐ Ä ' ÐÌó óÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD§Ô Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú33Ú ÚÛ € z ! Û]Ý Ýà p àIt€must€also€be€established,€of€course,€that€the€murderer€did€the€killing€ð ðwhile€committingÐ t Ðor€attempting€to€commitð ð€the€enumerated€offence.€€As€pointed€out€in€ò òPar ó ó,€this€does€not€require€ð ðanÐ L è Ðexact€coincidenceð ð€in€timing€of€the€murder€and€the€predicate€offence,€although€there€must€be€a€ð ðcloseÐ $ À Ðtemporal€and€causative€linkð ð€(ò òPar ó ó,€at€p.€629).€€As€Wilson€J.€expressed€the€point€in€ò òPar ó ó,€at€p.€633:Ý ƒ % PD§Ô ÂÔ ÝŒÐ ü ˜ ÐŒÝ ÝÌÓ Óà0 p à.€.€.€it€is€the€continuing€illegal€domination€of€the€victim€which€gives€continuity€to€theÐ ¬ H Ðsequence€of€events€culminating€in€the€murder.€€The€murder€represents€an€exploitationÐ ˜ 4 Ðof€the€position€of€power€created€by€the€underlying€crime€and€makes€the€entire€course€ofÐ „ Ðconduct€a€ð ðsingle€transactionð ð.€This€approach,€in€my€view,€best€gives€effect€to€theÐ p Ðphilosophy€underlying€s.€[231(5)].Ó ÓÐ \ ø p (#p (# ÐÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PDiÙ Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú34Ú ÚÛ € z " Û]Ý Ýà p àThe€ò òdictum€ó óis€illustrated€by€the€facts€of€ò òPar ó ó€itself€where€the€accused€murdered€a€youngÐ "¨ Ðboy€two€minutes€after€indecently€assaulting€him.€€The€killing€was€motivated€by€fear€that€the€childÐ ä#€ Ðwould€tell€his€mother€about€the€incident.€€The€killing€and€the€sexual€assault€were€linked€temporallyÐ ¼%X " Ð(a€single€continuing€transaction)€and€causally€(fear€of€disclosure€of€the€sexual€assault€led€to€theÐ ”'0!$ Ðkilling).
Ðsouligne)).Ý ƒ % PDÇÕ âÕ ÝŒÐ ° ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD%Ú Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú31Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àCette€approche€a€ t €rejet e€par€la€Cour€dð ðappel€de€la€Colombie-Britannique€dans€ò òR.€c.Ð Ä ` ÐGourgonó ó€(1979),€19€C.R.€(3d)€272,€le€juge€McFarlane,€p.€279:Ý ƒ % PD%Ú @Ú ÝŒÐ œ 8 ÐŒÝ ÝÌÓ Óà0 p à[ò òtraductionó ó]€€Que€ce€soit€express ment€ou€implicitement,€rien€dans€ces€dispositionsÐ L è Ðne€concerne€ò òle€butó ó€de€la€s questration.€€Rien€non€plus€dans€lð ðhistorique€l gislatif€neÐ 8 Ô Ðpermet€de€penser€que€le€l gislateur€ait€pu€restreindre€ainsi€la€notion€de€ð ðs questrationð ð.€Ð $ À ÐLa€th se€que€la€s questration€ €seule€fin€de€perp trer€un€vol€qualifi €est€exclue€ne€sauraitÐ ¬ Ð tre€retenue.€€[Je€souligne.]Ó ÓÐ ü ˜ p (#p (# ÐÌElle€a€aussi€ t €rejet e€par€la€Cour€dð ðappel€de€lð ðOntario€dans€ò òR.€c.€Dollanó ó€(1982),€65€C.C.C.€(2d)€240Ð ¬ H Ð(autorisation€dð ðappel€refus e,€[1982]€1€R.C.S.€vii,€le€juge€Zuber,€p.€245:Ð „ ÐÌÓ Óà0 p à[ò òtraductionó ó]€€Il€importe€peu€que€la€s questration€puisse€ tre€accessoire€ €laÐ 4 Ð Ðperp tration€dð ðun€autre€crime€pourvu€quð ðil€y€ait€eu€s questration€en€violation€[duÐ !¼ Ðpar.279(2)]€.€.€.Ó ÓÐ "¨ p (#p (# ÐÌElle€a€ t €de€nouveau€rejet e€par€la€Cour€dð ðappel€de€la€Colombie-Britannique€dans€ò òR.€c.€Pitreó ó€(1991),Ð ¼%X " Ð2€B.C.A.C.€186,€le€juge€Wood,€par.€29:Ð ”'0!$ ÐÌÓ Óà0 p à[ò òtraductionó ó]€€...€la€preuve€permettait€ €un€jury€qui€a€re u€des€directives€appropri esÐ D+à$( Ðet€qui€agit€de€fa on€raisonnable€de€conclure€que€le€Dò òró óPiderman€ tait€s questr €lors€deÐ 0,Ì%) Ðlð ðagression€ayant€entrað3 ðn €sa€mort.€€Il€importe€peu€de€savoir€si€la€s questration€ taitÐ -¸&* Ðaccessoire€ou€non€ €un€vol€qualifi .Ó ÓÐ d p (#p (# ÐÌLa€Cour€dð ðappel€de€lð ðOntario€lð ða€aussi€rejet e€dans€ò òKimberleyó ó,€le€juge€Doherty,€par.103:Ð ° ÐÌÓ Óà0 p à[ò òtraductionó ó]€€Toutefois,€la€disposition€ne€contient€pas€en€soi€de€limite€de€cette€nature.€Ð Ä ` ÐElle€fait€mention€dð ðinfractions€commises€en€violation€de€lð ðart.279,€la€s questration€ tantÐ ° L Ðlð ðune€des€infractions€cr es€par€cette€disposition.€€Rien€dans€lð ðal.231(5)ò òeó ó)€ne€permet€deÐ œ 8 Ðconclure€que€les€s questrations€accessoires€ou€li es€ €la€perp tration€dð ðautres€crimes€neÐ ˆ $ Ðsont€pas€vis es€par€cette€disposition.Ó ÓÐ t p (#p (# ÐÌDe€plus,€la€Cour€dð ðappel€de€la€Saskatchewan€lð ða€rejet e€dans€ò òR.€c.€Heinó ó€(2004),€189€C.C.C.€(3d)€381,Ð $ À Ðla€jugeGerwing,€par.27:Ð ü ˜ ÐÌÓ Óà0 p à[ò òtraductionó ó]€€...€la€victime€a€ t €priv e€de€
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€€[para.52]€Ð )x! * p (#p (# ÐÓ è' ÓÌâ âÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD„b Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú13Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àThe€interpretation€I€propose€on€this€appeal€is€consistent€not€only€with€subss. €(1)€and€(3)Ð l+Ü#- Ðof€s.
Ð467.11,€467.12€ou€467.13€purge,€avant€dð ð tre€admissible€ €la€lib ration€conditionnelleÐ Ø ( Ðtotale,€la€moiti €de€sa€peine€jusquð ð €concurrence€de€dix€ans.Ó ®J ÓÐ Ä p (#p (# ÐÌÓ ÓÔ_ ÔIIIÔ_ ÔÐ t Ä ÐÌÓ 4[ ÓÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD‰[ Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú9Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àComme€je€lð ðai€d j €indiqu ,€le€temps€pass €en€d tention€provisoire€sð ðajoute€ €la€peineÐ $#t ! Ðimpos e€au€moment€de€la€sentence€lorsquð ðil€sð ðagit€de€d terminer€si€le€contrevenant€peut€b n ficierÐ ü$L # Ðdð ðune€peine€dð ðemprisonnement€avec€sursis€:€ò òFiceó ó.€€Or,€comme€le€mentionnait€le€juge€Hilton€de€laÐ Ô&$"% ÐCour€dð ðappel€du€Qu bec€dans€lð ðaffaire€ò òJinó ó€([2007]€R.J.Q.€925,€2007€QCCA€541),€les€motifs€desÐ ¬(ü#' Ðjuges€majoritaires€dans€ò òFiceó ó€ne€visaient€que€les€peines€dð ðemprisonnement€avec€sursis.€€Sð ðexprimantÐ „*Ô%) Ðalors€pour€les€juges€majoritaires,€le€juge€Bastarache€a€donc€pris€soin€de€faire€le€point€en€ces€termesÐ \,¬'+ Ðon€ne€peut€plus€clairs€:Ý ƒ % PD‰[ ¤[ ݌Р° ÐŒÝ ÝÌÓ Óà0 p à.€Ô_ Ô.€.Ô_ Ô€je€dois€souligner€que€lð ðeffet€de€la€d tention€pr sentencielle€sur€la€possibilit €dð ðunÐ ` ° Ðsursis€au€prononc €de€la€peine,€dð ðune€ordonnance€de€probation,€dð ðune€absolution€ouÐ L œ Ðdð ðune€amende€est€une€question€dont€nous€ne€sommes€pas€saisis€en€lð ðesp ce.€€ò òLe€pr sentÐ 8 ˆ Ðpourvoi€porte€en€effet€uniquement€sur€la€question€de€savoir€si€la€p riode€pass e€enÐ $ t Ðd tention€pr sentencielle€devrait€influer€sur€la€d termination€de€la€fourchette€des€peinesÐ ` Ðapplicables€et,€partant,€sur€lð ðapplicabilit €de€lð ðemprisonnement€avec€Ô_ Ôsursis.ó óÔ_ Ô€€Ainsi€queÐ ü L Ðlð ða€soulign €le€juge€en€chef€Lamer€dans€lð ðarr t€ò òProulxó ó,€le€r gime€dð ðemprisonnement€avecÐ è 8 Ðsursis€a€pr cis ment€ t € dict €comme€sanction€visant€ €r duire€le€recours€ Ð Ô $ Ðlð ðemprisonnement€et€ € largir€lð ðapplication€des€principes€de€justice€corrective€dans€laÐ À Ðd termination€de€la€peine€(par.€15€et€21).€€Comme€lð ðemprisonnement€avec€sursis€est€uneÐ ¬ ü Ðnouvelle€sanction€visant€une€combinaison€particuli re€dð ðobjectifs,€cette€mesure€neÐ ˜ è Ðdevrait€pas€ tre€assimil e€automatiquement€aux€autres€solutions€de€rechange€ Ð „ Ô Ðlð ðincarc ration€telles€que€le€sursis€au€prononc €de€la€peine,€lð ðordonnance€de€probation,Ð p À Ðlð ðabsolution€ou€lð ðamende.€€Par€cons quent,€jð ðestime€quð ðil€vaut€mieux€remettre€ €uneÐ \ ¬ Ðautre€occasion€lð ðexamen€de€la€relation€entre€la€d tention€pr sentencielle€et€la€possibilit Ð H ˜ Ðde€surseoir€au€prononc €de€la€peine,€dð ðordonner€une€mise€en€prob
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€€The€court€held€that€the€accusedð ðs€entry€into€the€doorway€(while€ð ðgrowlingð ð€withÐ ì ˆ Ðhis€arms€over€his€head)€constituted€criminal€harassment,€especially€in€light€of€the€coupleð ðs€ð ðhighlyÐ Ä ' Ðabusive€relationshipð ð€in€which€he€had€previously€stalked€and€threatened€to€kill€her.€€The€harassmentÐ œ 8 Ðwas€separate€from€the€murder€(para.€114)€while€still€forming€part€of€the€same€transaction€with€theÐ t Ðkilling€(para.€109).€Ý ƒ % PD&µ Aµ ݌РL è ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD$» Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú29Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àIn€ò òR.€v.€Sandhuó ó,€2005€CarswellOnt€8306€(S.C.J.),€on€the€other€hand,€a€number€of€accusedÐ ü ˜ Ðindividuals€surrounded€and€killed€the€victim€in€a€sudden€attack,€lasting€between€30€and€45€seconds.€Ð Ô p ÐThe€accused€brought€a€motion€for€a€directed€verdict€of€acquittal€on€the€charge€of€first€degree€murderÐ ¬ H Ðby€virtue€of€the€unlawful€confinement.€€The€court€agreed€and€granted€the€motion,€holding€that€thereÐ „ Ðwas€no€evidence€of€two€discrete€acts,€only€a€killing€ð ðcarried€out€in€a€rapid,€efficient€and€collaborativeÐ \ ø Ðmannerð ð€(para.€21).€€Although€the€accused€individuals€did€confine€the€victim,€they€did€so€only€as€anÐ 4 Ð Ðincident€of€the€attack€which€caused€his€death.€€The€courtð ðs€analysis€is€consistent€with€the€rationaleÐ "¨ Ðof€s.€231(5)€set€out€in€ò òPar ó ó€and€ò òKimberley.ó ó€If€no€extra€domination€is€involved€in€the€act€ofÐ ä#€ Ðconfinement,€then€it€cannot€be€said€that€the€accused€confined€the€victim€and€then€ò òexploited€ó óthatÐ ¼%X " Ðdomination€by€an€act€of€killing.€€Only€one€episode€of€domination€existed,€created€by€the€act€ofÐ ”'0!
Ðò ònð ð tait€pas€ó óun€ l ment€ð ðinh rentð ð€au€geste€meurtrier€mis€en€preuve,€cela€signifie€que€le€minist reÐ ° Ðpublic€a€r ussi€ €d montrer€la€perp tration€dð ðun€acte€criminel€distinct,€pr vu€au€par.279(2).€€Si€leÐ ì ˆ Ðjury€est€convaincu€que€le€meurtre€a€ t €commis€pendant€cette€s questration€de€telle€sorte€que€la€s rieÐ Ä ` Ðdð ð v nements€constitue€une€ð ðseule€op rationð ð,€les€exigences€de€lð ðal.231(5)ò òeó ó)€sont€remplies.€€VoirÐ œ 8 Ðò òR.€c.€Kirknessó ó,€[1990]€3€R.C.S.€74,€p.86.Ý ƒ % PDï½ ¾ ݌Рt ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PDmÇ Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú28Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àLa€preuve€dð ðun€vol€qualifi ,€ €elle€seule,€ne€d clenche€pas€lð ðapplication€du€par.231(5),Ð $ À Ðmais€elle€nð ðemp che€pas€non€plus€son€application.€€Si€la€perp tration€de€lð ðinfraction€de€s questrationÐ ü ˜ Ða€ t € tablie,€le€fait€quð ðun€vol€qualifi €rend€lð ðacte€encore€plus€r pr hensible€nð ðaidera€pas€lð ðaccus .€Ð Ô p ÐSur€le€plan€pratique,€cette€approche€semble€avoir€donn €de€bons€r sultats€en€premi re€instance.€€DansÐ ¬ H Ðò òR.€c.€Bradleyó ó€(2003),€223€Nfld.€&€P.E.I.R.€225,€2003€PESCTD€30,€par€exemple,€lð ðaccus ,€apr s€uneÐ „ Ðconsommation€immod r e€de€cocað5 ðne,€est€entr €par€effraction€dans€lð ðappartement€de€son€ex- pouseÐ \ ø Ðet€lð ða€tu e€ €coups€de€hache.€€Il€sð ðagissait€de€savoir€si€lð ðaccus €avait€commis€le€meurtre€ð ðenÐ 4 Ð Ðcommettantð ð€lð ðinfraction€de€harc lement€criminel,€de€telle€sorte€que€son€acte€criminel€devait€ treÐ "¨ Ðassimil € €un€meurtre€au€premier€degr €par€application€du€par.231(6).€€La€cour€a€statu €que€le€faitÐ ä#€ Ðquð ðil€soit€entr €dans€lð ðembrasure€de€la€porte€(en€[ò òtraductionó ó]€ð ðgrognantð ð€et€en€tenant€ses€bras€auÐ ¼%X " Ðdessus€de€sa€t te)€constituait€du€harc lement€criminel,€surtout€compte€tenu€de€la€ð ðrelation€hautementÐ ”'0!$ Ðviolenteð ð€du€couple,€au€cours€de€laquelle€il€lð ðavait€traqu e€et€avait€menac €de€la€tuer.€€LeÐ l) #& Ðharc lement€ tait€distinct€du€meurtre€(par.114)€tout€en€faisant€partie,€avec€le€meurtre,€de€la€m meÐ D+à$( Ðop ration€(par.109).Ý ƒ % PDmÇ ˆÇ ݌Р-¸&* ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD–Î Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú29Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àPar€ailleurs,€dans€ò òR.€c.€Sandhuó ó,€2005€CarswellOnt€8306€(C.S.J.),€plusieurs€accus s€ontÐ
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€€The€court€held€that€the€accusedð ðs€entry€into€the€doorway€(while€ð ðgrowlingð ð€withÐ ì ˆ Ðhis€arms€over€his€head)€constituted€criminal€harassment,€especially€in€light€of€the€coupleð ðs€ð ðhighlyÐ Ä ' Ðabusive€relationshipð ð€in€which€he€had€previously€stalked€and€threatened€to€kill€her.€€The€harassmentÐ œ 8 Ðwas€separate€from€the€murder€(para.€114)€while€still€forming€part€of€the€same€transaction€with€theÐ t Ðkilling€(para.€109).€Ý ƒ % PD&µ Aµ ݌РL è ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD$» Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú29Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àIn€ò òR.€v.€Sandhuó ó,€2005€CarswellOnt€8306€(S.C.J.),€on€the€other€hand,€a€number€of€accusedÐ ü ˜ Ðindividuals€surrounded€and€killed€the€victim€in€a€sudden€attack,€lasting€between€30€and€45€seconds.€Ð Ô p ÐThe€accused€brought€a€motion€for€a€directed€verdict€of€acquittal€on€the€charge€of€first€degree€murderÐ ¬ H Ðby€virtue€of€the€unlawful€confinement.€€The€court€agreed€and€granted€the€motion,€holding€that€thereÐ „ Ðwas€no€evidence€of€two€discrete€acts,€only€a€killing€ð ðcarried€out€in€a€rapid,€efficient€and€collaborativeÐ \ ø Ðmannerð ð€(para.€21).€€Although€the€accused€individuals€did€confine€the€victim,€they€did€so€only€as€anÐ 4 Ð Ðincident€of€the€attack€which€caused€his€death.€€The€courtð ðs€analysis€is€consistent€with€the€rationaleÐ "¨ Ðof€s.€231(5)€set€out€in€ò òPar ó ó€and€ò òKimberley.ó ó€If€no€extra€domination€is€involved€in€the€act€ofÐ ä#€ Ðconfinement,€then€it€cannot€be€said€that€the€accused€confined€the€victim€and€then€ò òexploited€ó óthatÐ ¼%X " Ðdomination€by€an€act€of€killing.€€Only€one€episode€of€domination€existed,€created€by€the€act€ofÐ ”'0!
Ðò ònð ð tait€pas€ó óun€ l ment€ð ðinh rentð ð€au€geste€meurtrier€mis€en€preuve,€cela€signifie€que€le€minist reÐ ° Ðpublic€a€r ussi€ €d montrer€la€perp tration€dð ðun€acte€criminel€distinct,€pr vu€au€par.279(2).€€Si€leÐ ì ˆ Ðjury€est€convaincu€que€le€meurtre€a€ t €commis€pendant€cette€s questration€de€telle€sorte€que€la€s rieÐ Ä ` Ðdð ð v nements€constitue€une€ð ðseule€op rationð ð,€les€exigences€de€lð ðal.231(5)ò òeó ó)€sont€remplies.€€VoirÐ œ 8 Ðò òR.€c.€Kirknessó ó,€[1990]€3€R.C.S.€74,€p.86.Ý ƒ % PDï½ ¾ ݌Рt ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PDmÇ Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú28Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àLa€preuve€dð ðun€vol€qualifi ,€ €elle€seule,€ne€d clenche€pas€lð ðapplication€du€par.231(5),Ð $ À Ðmais€elle€nð ðemp che€pas€non€plus€son€application.€€Si€la€perp tration€de€lð ðinfraction€de€s questrationÐ ü ˜ Ða€ t € tablie,€le€fait€quð ðun€vol€qualifi €rend€lð ðacte€encore€plus€r pr hensible€nð ðaidera€pas€lð ðaccus .€Ð Ô p ÐSur€le€plan€pratique,€cette€approche€semble€avoir€donn €de€bons€r sultats€en€premi re€instance.€€DansÐ ¬ H Ðò òR.€c.€Bradleyó ó€(2003),€223€Nfld.€&€P.E.I.R.€225,€2003€PESCTD€30,€par€exemple,€lð ðaccus ,€apr s€uneÐ „ Ðconsommation€immod r e€de€cocað5 ðne,€est€entr €par€effraction€dans€lð ðappartement€de€son€ex- pouseÐ \ ø Ðet€lð ða€tu e€ €coups€de€hache.€€Il€sð ðagissait€de€savoir€si€lð ðaccus €avait€commis€le€meurtre€ð ðenÐ 4 Ð Ðcommettantð ð€lð ðinfraction€de€harc lement€criminel,€de€telle€sorte€que€son€acte€criminel€devait€ treÐ "¨ Ðassimil € €un€meurtre€au€premier€degr €par€application€du€par.231(6).€€La€cour€a€statu €que€le€faitÐ ä#€ Ðquð ðil€soit€entr €dans€lð ðembrasure€de€la€porte€(en€[ò òtraductionó ó]€ð ðgrognantð ð€et€en€tenant€ses€bras€auÐ ¼%X " Ðdessus€de€sa€t te)€constituait€du€harc lement€criminel,€surtout€compte€tenu€de€la€ð ðrelation€hautementÐ ”'0!$ Ðviolenteð ð€du€couple,€au€cours€de€laquelle€il€lð ðavait€traqu e€et€avait€menac €de€la€tuer.€€LeÐ l) #& Ðharc lement€ tait€distinct€du€meurtre€(par.114)€tout€en€faisant€partie,€avec€le€meurtre,€de€la€m meÐ D+à$( Ðop ration€(par.109).Ý ƒ % PDmÇ ˆÇ ݌Р-¸&* ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD–Î Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú29Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àPar€ailleurs,€dans€ò òR.€c.€Sandhuó ó,€2005€CarswellOnt€8306€(C.S.J.),€plusieurs€accus s€ontÐ
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€231(5)(ò òeó ó). Ý ƒ % PD¨Ñ ÃÑ ÝŒÐ ° ÐŒÝ ÝÌD. €€ò òThe€Temporal€and€Causal€ConnectionÐ Ä ' ÐÌó óÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD§Ô Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú33Ú ÚÛ € z ! Û]Ý Ýà p àIt€must€also€be€established,€of€course,€that€the€murderer€did€the€killing€ð ðwhile€committingÐ t Ðor€attempting€to€commitð ð€the€enumerated€offence.€€As€pointed€out€in€ò òPar ó ó,€this€does€not€require€ð ðanÐ L è Ðexact€coincidenceð ð€in€timing€of€the€murder€and€the€predicate€offence,€although€there€must€be€a€ð ðcloseÐ $ À Ðtemporal€and€causative€linkð ð€(ò òPar ó ó,€at€p.€629).€€As€Wilson€J.€expressed€the€point€in€ò òPar ó ó,€at€p.€633:Ý ƒ % PD§Ô ÂÔ ÝŒÐ ü ˜ ÐŒÝ ÝÌÓ Óà0 p à.€.€.€it€is€the€continuing€illegal€domination€of€the€victim€which€gives€continuity€to€theÐ ¬ H Ðsequence€of€events€culminating€in€the€murder.€€The€murder€represents€an€exploitationÐ ˜ 4 Ðof€the€position€of€power€created€by€the€underlying€crime€and€makes€the€entire€course€ofÐ „ Ðconduct€a€ð ðsingle€transactionð ð.€This€approach,€in€my€view,€best€gives€effect€to€theÐ p Ðphilosophy€underlying€s.€[231(5)].Ó ÓÐ \ ø p (#p (# ÐÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PDiÙ Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú34Ú ÚÛ € z " Û]Ý Ýà p àThe€ò òdictum€ó óis€illustrated€by€the€facts€of€ò òPar ó ó€itself€where€the€accused€murdered€a€youngÐ "¨ Ðboy€two€minutes€after€indecently€assaulting€him.€€The€killing€was€motivated€by€fear€that€the€childÐ ä#€ Ðwould€tell€his€mother€about€the€incident.€€The€killing€and€the€sexual€assault€were€linked€temporallyÐ ¼%X " Ð(a€single€continuing€transaction)€and€causally€(fear€of€disclosure€of€the€sexual€assault€led€to€theÐ ”'0!$ Ðkilling).
Ðsouligne)).Ý ƒ % PDÇÕ âÕ ÝŒÐ ° ÐŒÝ ÝÌÝ ‚ % PDÿ ÝÝ ÝÝ ‚ % PD%Ú Ý[Ú ƒ z Ú31Ú ÚÛ € z Û]Ý Ýà p àCette€approche€a€ t €rejet e€par€la€Cour€dð ðappel€de€la€Colombie-Britannique€dans€ò òR.€c.Ð Ä ` ÐGourgonó ó€(1979),€19€C.R.€(3d)€272,€le€juge€McFarlane,€p.€279:Ý ƒ % PD%Ú @Ú ÝŒÐ œ 8 ÐŒÝ ÝÌÓ Óà0 p à[ò òtraductionó ó]€€Que€ce€soit€express ment€ou€implicitement,€rien€dans€ces€dispositionsÐ L è Ðne€concerne€ò òle€butó ó€de€la€s questration.€€Rien€non€plus€dans€lð ðhistorique€l gislatif€neÐ 8 Ô Ðpermet€de€penser€que€le€l gislateur€ait€pu€restreindre€ainsi€la€notion€de€ð ðs questrationð ð.€Ð $ À ÐLa€th se€que€la€s questration€ €seule€fin€de€perp trer€un€vol€qualifi €est€exclue€ne€sauraitÐ ¬ Ð tre€retenue.€€[Je€souligne.]Ó ÓÐ ü ˜ p (#p (# ÐÌElle€a€aussi€ t €rejet e€par€la€Cour€dð ðappel€de€lð ðOntario€dans€ò òR.€c.€Dollanó ó€(1982),€65€C.C.C.€(2d)€240Ð ¬ H Ð(autorisation€dð ðappel€refus e,€[1982]€1€R.C.S.€vii,€le€juge€Zuber,€p.€245:Ð „ ÐÌÓ Óà0 p à[ò òtraductionó ó]€€Il€importe€peu€que€la€s questration€puisse€ tre€accessoire€ €laÐ 4 Ð Ðperp tration€dð ðun€autre€crime€pourvu€quð ðil€y€ait€eu€s questration€en€violation€[duÐ !¼ Ðpar.279(2)]€.€.€.Ó ÓÐ "¨ p (#p (# ÐÌElle€a€ t €de€nouveau€rejet e€par€la€Cour€dð ðappel€de€la€Colombie-Britannique€dans€ò òR.€c.€Pitreó ó€(1991),Ð ¼%X " Ð2€B.C.A.C.€186,€le€juge€Wood,€par.€29:Ð ”'0!$ ÐÌÓ Óà0 p à[ò òtraductionó ó]€€...€la€preuve€permettait€ €un€jury€qui€a€re u€des€directives€appropri esÐ D+à$( Ðet€qui€agit€de€fa on€raisonnable€de€conclure€que€le€Dò òró óPiderman€ tait€s questr €lors€deÐ 0,Ì%) Ðlð ðagression€ayant€entrað3 ðn €sa€mort.€€Il€importe€peu€de€savoir€si€la€s questration€ taitÐ -¸&* Ðaccessoire€ou€non€ €un€vol€qualifi .Ó ÓÐ d p (#p (# ÐÌLa€Cour€dð ðappel€de€lð ðOntario€lð ða€aussi€rejet e€dans€ò òKimberleyó ó,€le€juge€Doherty,€par.103:Ð ° ÐÌÓ Óà0 p à[ò òtraductionó ó]€€Toutefois,€la€disposition€ne€contient€pas€en€soi€de€limite€de€cette€nature.€Ð Ä ` ÐElle€fait€mention€dð ðinfractions€commises€en€violation€de€lð ðart.279,€la€s questration€ tantÐ ° L Ðlð ðune€des€infractions€cr es€par€cette€disposition.€€Rien€dans€lð ðal.231(5)ò òeó ó)€ne€permet€deÐ œ 8 Ðconclure€que€les€s questrations€accessoires€ou€li es€ €la€perp tration€dð ðautres€crimes€neÐ ˆ $ Ðsont€pas€vis es€par€cette€disposition.Ó ÓÐ t p (#p (# ÐÌDe€plus,€la€Cour€dð ðappel€de€la€Saskatchewan€lð ða€rejet e€dans€ò òR.€c.€Heinó ó€(2004),€189€C.C.C.€(3d)€381,Ð $ À Ðla€jugeGerwing,€par.27:Ð ü ˜ ÐÌÓ Óà0 p à[ò òtraductionó ó]€€...€la€victime€a€ t €priv e€de€
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