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  Évaluation du Programme...  

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Les bénéficiaires de subvention ont aussi profité de résultats inattendus. Dans certains cas, la participation au programme du PDO a permis à ces organisations bénéficiaires de se greffer à des réseaux plus importants.

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Furthermore, PDP partners shared accounts of participants taking concrete actions as a result of their participation in the project activity. Some have opted for greater personal involvement in volunteer work, the development of NGOs, participation in solidarity networks, etc. Others have adapted their academic and career orientation to integrate international dimensions, sometimes leading them to seek professional opportunities within international or governmental agencies. One survey respondent writes "[the participants] feel more confident about taking a leadership role, as their participation confirmed that they have the skills to research and present high-level material" and another stated "the program contributed to helping youth identify the values that will determine their choice of life and career as well as their engagement as active and responsible citizens. It favours the emergence of a network of adults that are engaged in their local communities and on the international stage."

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Une des lacunes du PDO est qu'il n'a pas favorisé un échange des connaissances acquises entre les différents intervenants du programme (ce qui fonctionne et ce qui ne fonctionne pas) autant qu'il aurait pu le faire.

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The Posts also recognize the limited resources available for monitoring or doing follow-up on public diplomacy initiatives and events. Polling is of particular interest to countries such as China. Yet several other stakeholders have also questioned the cost-effectiveness of polling to monitor public diplomacy. In a subsequent phase of programming, FAC will need to assess the alternatives for monitoring public diplomacy initiatives.

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En réalité, on peut trouver plusieurs cas dans lesquels le PDO a contribué à une meilleure connaissance des francophones entre eux par l'intermédiaire d'activités liées à la « francophonie » qui regroupaient des communautés francophones de différentes régions du Canada.

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Although the PDP supported a small number of projects in this area, these projects generated positive results in terms of increased awareness of Canada's Language Minority Communities. About a dozen survey respondents--out of the 33 that answered this particular question--indicated that Official Language Minority communities, such as francophones outside Quebec, were the primary participants in their activity. In its commitment to the OLA, PDP mostly provided support to organisations promoting Canadian francophone minority communities. This inclination is explained by the relative importance in terms of number of organisations supporting Canadian francophonie vis-à-vis organisations promoting the development of English as a minority language in Canada.

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Les différentes présentations au Conseil du Trésor, les plans d'activités et les notes de service ministérielles à propos du PDO démontrent qu'il y a eu une évolution du programme. Comme nous l'avons indiqué précédemment, le Ministère a ajouté de nouveaux critères et des sous-objectifs au cadre de travail du PDO avec l'objectif de s'adapter au contexte et de donner une orientation stratégique au programme.

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Some of these components of the initial design evolved over time, such as the composition of the PDP Committee. (Further information on the Program's management and governance can be found in Section 6.1.) The Minister's role in approving projects also varied - from signing off on grants in the amounts of $5,000 and higher to delegating this authority to the appropriate divisions, subject to Committee approval.

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De plus, le budget du 24 février affectait 8 millions de dollars annuellement, pendant cinq ans, afin de permettre à la programmation stratégique de la diplomatie ouverte de continuer. Cet argent, qui remplace le PDO temporarisé permettra au Ministère d'aller de l'avant dans l'élaboration d'une approche stratégique et ciblée pour la diplomatie ouverte.

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Steps have been taken to implement this recommendation. The most transformational has been the identification of "mainstreaming Public Diplomacy" by FAC's Deputy Minister as one of six imperatives to the building of a 21st Century Foreign Ministry. Central to this initiative has been the reorganization and transformation of the former Strategic Policy and Planning branch, headed by ADM Ross Hornby, to the Strategic Policy and Public Diplomacy branch. The reorganization will enable increased coherence across all elements of PD (culture, education, youth, etc).

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En 1998, AEC a créé le Programme de diplomatie ouverte (PDO) avec l'objectif d'utiliser la plate-forme internationale pour promouvoir l'unité canadienne. Le programme était conçu comme un projet pilote à court terme destiné à renforcer l'identité des Canadiens et leur attachement envers leur pays, à projeter l'image du Canada à l'étranger et à sensibiliser les Canadiens.

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The Canada in the World paper of 1995 proposed a foreign policy for Canada based on three pillars: the promotion of prosperity and employment; the protection of our security, within a stable global framework; and the projection of Canadian values and culture. For the last ten years, the Third Pillar, which emphasized the projection of Canadian culture, provided the rationale for several programs at Foreign Affairs Canada (FAC). Today, these programs form part of the Department's new business line of public diplomacy.

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Ces groupes avaient des attentes relativement à un soutien financier stable du programme. Certains allèguent même que la création de certains projets n'aurait pas pu être possible sans le soutien financier du PDO.

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In general, the civil society groups that have received grants value the PDP at FAC. It is seen both as a mechanism for citizen engagement and a key source of funding. As stated in one survey, "this program offers more flexibility for the interaction between the citizens and the government than other programs because it addresses itself to all citizens and allows room for originality and initiative in the conception of projects. Contrary to CIDA programs, it is an encouraging not discouraging program, especially for small organizations."

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Comme nous l'avons indiqué précédemment, plusieurs projets financés par le PDO intègrent des activités de partage d'information qui sont menées par les participants eux-mêmes et non par les organisateurs.

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There were also unexpected results for the organizations that benefited from the grant. In some cases, participation in the PDP program has allowed beneficiary organizations to become part of a larger network. Several of the funded projects led to the creation of new networks (international network of young francophones, international meetings of community and associative radio stations, human rights delegations across Canadian universities) and all have helped to galvanize local organisations into action to support the initiative either financially or logistically.

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Le PDO a aussi soutenu la création de produits promotionnels à contenu partagé et de nouvelles technologies visant l'atteinte des priorités de AEC. Des projets d'élaboration de contenu particulier incluent les trousses « Canada in a Classroom » (Le Canada dans la classe), des fiches d'information, des outils promotionnels multimédias, la création de nouveaux sites Web.

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Another key initiative is the production of the quarterly magazine "Canada World View", which provides an overview of current policy issues and Canada's perspective on them. The magazine, which is now available in electronic format, is distributed to approximately 43,000 subscribers in Canada. It is unclear whether or not the Embassies distribute the electronic version of the magazine in their host country as an instrument of public diplomacy. If not, this represents an opportunity for broader application of the magazine.

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Le PDO a facilité le lancement du Festival du film canadien à Mexico qui est maintenant reconnu (quatre ans plus tard) par les critiques de cinéma comme un des meilleurs festivals du pays. Afin de « maintenir l'intérêt pour le Canada », l'ambassade de Mexico prévoit mettre sur pied un ensemble de projets ayant une grande visibilité, ainsi que des projets plus modestes.

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Brazil also engages in cultural programming, but with more limited human resources. The size and diversity of the country also presents some challenges for taking cultural events beyond the Brasilia, Rio de Janeiro, and Sao Paolo "triangle." The Mission capitalizes on the Brazilians' knowledge of and respect for traditions in animation, literature, cinema, and music, for example. The promotion of Canada as a diverse and tolerant society also prevails in Brazil's strategy. The promotion of a vibrant francophone population, with many "Latin" affinities, is considered critical. Thus, Francophonie events, in collaboration with the Alliance Française, and other members of the Francophonie have been a key component in their approach.

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Les organisations font aussi remarquer que la subvention accordée par AEC/PDO donne au projet une crédibilité et une visibilité aux yeux des donateurs potentiels. Comme l'indique un répondant à l'enquête : [traduction] « les gouvernements provinciaux, en particulier en ce qui a trait aux activités de la francophonie, veulent toujours savoir d'abord quelle est la participation du gouvernement fédéral. Le financement fédéral du PDO a souvent servi de levier pour obtenir la participation des gouvernements provinciaux. » Plusieurs organisations craignent que si le programme est interrompu, elles n'auront plus les moyens de poursuivre leurs activités.

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These groups have developed an expectation of stable financial support from the program. Some even stress that the development of projects would not have been possible without PDP's financial support. For about half of the respondents to the survey, the PDP funding represented less than 25% of their project's total budget. Nonetheless, for one-third of the respondents the PDP funds provided 25-50% of their project's total budget. While the PDP was not the sole source of funding, in several cases, project leaders report that it was the most important contributor.

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En ce qui a tait à la gestion et à l'efficacité du programme, l'étude conclut que des lacunes liées aux procédures administratives ont nui à l'efficacité du PDO, malgré les efforts consacrés au cours des dernières années pour régler ces problèmes.

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The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness, efficiency, and rationale of the PDP. In general, we found that the program's components contributed to positive results both domestically and abroad that link to Departmental priorities and the Third Pillar. The PDP illustrated that public diplomacy efforts can contribute to greater social cohesion among Canadians. Nonetheless, several program design issues may have frustrated PDP's overall effectiveness. Although the individual components of the program made positive contributions, there often was little synergy among them, which meant that the whole of the PDP was no greater than the sum of its parts. Strategic coordination amongst the components would have greatly benefited the program.

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Grâce à ses activités nationales, principalement à CFDX (mais aussi par les activités de IMF et de BCD), le PDO a testé des manières intéressantes d'obtenir la participation des Canadiens. Dans plusieurs des projets examinés, on peut démontrer que des Canadiens ont amélioré leur compréhension de la situation internationale.

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The PDP supported a wide range of activities that contribute to Canada's Third Pillar of foreign policy. In the absence of a clear strategy and framework for the pillar, it is difficult to draw the direct and more concrete linkages between what the Program supports and what the Pillar tries to achieve. Above all, the PDP has been a core funding mechanism for activities in this area. The study also finds that the PDP is relevant to foreign policy priorities, especially as they are interpreted at the country level. Some missions have been particularly successful in articulating Post business plans and priorities with activities funded by PDP. Missions use a combination of PDP-funded programs, together with other initiatives, in order to foster understanding of Canada and its foreign policy objectives among decision makers and opinion leaders in key countries.

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En parlant de cette réunion, un répondant indique que [traduction] « les participants sont maintenant plus intéressés aux cultures de la francophonie, car ils ont maintenant des moyens concrets de s'engager dans ce domaine. » Un autre répondant à l'enquête affirme que [traduction] « Le PDO a joué un rôle essentiel dans la promotion des communautés francophone et acadienne. [L'activité qu'il a financée] a mis en lumière la diversité des communautés francophones au Canada, l'utilité du bilinguisme, et le fait que les communautés francophones hors Québec ne font pas que survivre, elle s'épanouissent. »

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Among the projects reviewed more in depth, several have integrated the promotion of the Canadian francophonie outside Québec as a primary objective. This is the case with projects such as the participation of the Société Nationale de l'Acadie at the Festival International de Lorient in France, or the development by the College Saint-Boniface in New Brunswick of a course on Canadian francophonie which is available on the Internet. Both projects have reached international audiences and have contributed to information dissemination on the culture and values of francophone communities outside Québec.

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La combinaison de programmes culturels et politiques soutenus par le PDO a été examinée et on a démontré les possibilités offertes par une telle combinaison dans les missions. La démarche de AEC en ce qui a trait au PDO dans l'avenir devrait s'inspirer de l'expérience des missions dans ce domaine.

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The evaluation has shown the overall value of "public diplomacy" to Canada's foreign policy. As noted in the new framework being put forward, public diplomacy is more than a discrete program/project. Thus, although we recommend that FAC end the Public Diplomacy Program as it has been operating, we also recommend that FAC continue to engage in public diplomacy and allocate the necessary resources. This intention has already been expressed in the Department's response to the International Policy Statement and declaration of Public Diplomacy as one of the six key departmental imperatives. The new approach should include a clear policy and results framework, which is already under development, and consider direct allocations to centers of responsibility. These centres should become accountable for resources within the context of the overall policy framework. Finally, FAC should develop strategies and allocate resources for monitoring, evaluation, and learning from its public diplomacy initiatives.

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Le manque de transparence a été soulevé comme étant une faiblesse du programme à plusieurs reprises durant les interviews avec les intervenants de AEC et au cours des enquêtes et des interviews menés auprès de certains groupes de la société civile qui ont reçu des fonds du PDO.

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As several of the Department's documents suggest, the Program was conceived as a "pilot" initiative. One of the principal characteristics of pilot projects is that they are designed with rigorous monitoring and evaluation systems so that lessons can be drawn from the experience. Although an internal assessment was conducted in 2002 and published as Bilan et Perspectives, the Program did not have an explicit monitoring and evaluation component. This would have been critical for learning from the experiences of the Program and making a future decision about seeking permanent funding. The consequences of the "on-going pilot" include the fact that staff and management resources were required for each of the renewals / extensions requested. In addition, the Program had to manage the possibility of "non-renewal" with its external constituencies, namely the civil society groups in Canada.

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Même si dans le cadre du PDO on a récemment dressé une liste de tous les projets menés entre 1998 et maintenant, la classification en fonction du type de projet, du groupe cible, etc., a été effectuée de manière rétroactive et elle est souvent fondée sur une quantité minime de documents.

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Interviews: Semi-structured, face-to-face and phone interviews were conducted with stakeholders at FAC Headquarters (regional bureaus and other divisions). Phone interviews were conducted with Heads of Mission, PERPA Managers, or Cultural Attachés and their teams at 8 out of the 12 Framework Posts.(1) During the field visits, individual and small group interviews were conducted with Post staff, as well as cultural, political, and academic partners. More than a dozen interviews (14) were conducted with a sample of project stakeholders in Canada, representing a range of project "types" and investments (UN simulations, First Nations University, Rights and Democracy, among others). More than 100 individuals participated in the interviews.

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En vertu de la Loi sur les langues officielles (LLO), le gouvernement du Canada (par l'intermédiaire de ses ministères) doit s'engager à « renforcer la vitalité des communautés de langue officielle en situation minoritaire anglaise et française au Canada, à soutenir ces communautés et à contribuer à leur développement ». Le programme du PDO, en raison de son mandat et de sa structure souple, est devenu un des principaux mécanismes pour permettre à AEC de s'acquitter de ses obligations légales.

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This is also the case with NMUN participants from certain academic institutions who, as part of the project, have to share their experience at the UN simulation as well as a summary of their research on the country they represented. The University of Sherbrooke, for example, has incorporated the project into their academic program so that students can get academic credit for participating in the simulation. The University builds activities around this initiative (conferences about the country represented, etc.) to increase the educational value and raise awareness in the broader community. Students are also strongly encouraged to write articles in local newspapers.

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Cette caractéristique de la population, jumelée à un calendrier d'exécution serré et à des ressources limitées pour effectuer l'étude, a nui aux possibilités de recueillir des points de vue directement des jeunes ou d'autres participants des projets financés par le PDO.

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Field Visits: The evaluation team conducted field visits to Germany, Brazil, and France in order to increase our understanding of the implementation and management of these programs at the Posts. Each visit contemplated several days in the capital city as well as visits to other cities where program partners and other FAC stakeholders (consulates, OGDs, provinces) were based. A set of criteria for country field visits was taken into consideration: a) missions categorized as PDP Framework posts and receiving funds accordingly, b) a balance between smaller and larger missions with different capacities to implement the programs, and c) some regional diversity. The evaluation advisory committee made the final selection of countries.

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Dans ces circonstances, on menait des interviews axées sur le rendement passé dans le cadre de la présente évaluation du PDO, alors que des discussions étaient déjà amorcées sur de nouveaux moyens de planifier et de gérer la diplomatie ouverte.

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Third, the framework (items) for budget allocations changed over time, which makes some aggregation and comparison more difficult. For example, in the earlier working budgets (1999-2000), budget categories include Identity and Attachment, La Francophonie, Canada Initiatives Fund, Communications Activities, and Academic Relations. (Within these components, there is also some overlap. For example, "Canada in the World" and other communications activities form part of the Identity and Attachment category.) In the proposed allocations for 2004-2005, the budget allocations are organized according to transfer of PDP funds to partners. The analysis of the distribution of PDP funds across components is generally based on the budgets from the last two years.

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L'Association canadienne pour les Nations Unies (ACNU) qui organise les simulations de l'ONU à Ottawa, Enfants d'ici et d'ailleurs et Mer et Monde qui gère les stages à l'étranger, et l'Institut international d'études administratives de Montréal sont des exemples d'organisations qui ont reçu des fonds du PDO pendant deux et parfois trois ans.

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The sample of project documents also provides evidence of a shift towards a greater number of projects aimed at a domestic audience, but with activities overseas as evidenced by survey respondents indicating that 76% of projects took place outside Canada. Several of the domestic projects under review involved the participation of Canadians in activities either 1) taking place in Canada (Experience Canada, Conference des Amériques) and incorporating an international dimension such as cultural exchanges with foreign students, or 2) activities taking place abroad such as internships (Mer et Monde, EIA) that also entail a domestic dimension such as debriefing and outreach in Canada following the internships. The respondents to the survey indicate that 76% of projects take place outside of Canada.

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Dans ces circonstances, on menait des interviews axées sur le rendement passé dans le cadre de la présente évaluation du PDO, alors que des discussions étaient déjà amorcées sur de nouveaux moyens de planifier et de gérer la diplomatie ouverte.

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Third, the framework (items) for budget allocations changed over time, which makes some aggregation and comparison more difficult. For example, in the earlier working budgets (1999-2000), budget categories include Identity and Attachment, La Francophonie, Canada Initiatives Fund, Communications Activities, and Academic Relations. (Within these components, there is also some overlap. For example, "Canada in the World" and other communications activities form part of the Identity and Attachment category.) In the proposed allocations for 2004-2005, the budget allocations are organized according to transfer of PDP funds to partners. The analysis of the distribution of PDP funds across components is generally based on the budgets from the last two years.

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Sur les plans de la gestion et de l'efficacité, le PDO a dû surmonter des obstacles liés à la courbe d'apprentissage dans l'élaboration des procédures et processus administratifs appropriés. Cette situation constituait une faiblesse durant les premières étapes de la mise en oeuvre du PDO, mais on a effectué des progrès importants en cette matière au cours des dernières années.

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Several program design issues may have frustrated the PDP's overall effectiveness. Although the individual components of the program made positive contributions, there often was little synergy among them. The program design issues include a complex structure and awkward practices; the lack of clearly stated objectives, planned results, and rigorous criteria for projects; the absence of separate Terms and Conditions for making transfer payments; and the lack of a program logic that helped to link its different components together. Although the resulting framework provided the PDP with flexibility that it needed to respond to the context, it also limited the Program's ability to manage for results. Furthermore, program origins and design issues, combined with the limited information available about the PDP, contributed to the perception of a lack of transparency in the program.

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(Il y avait aussi des recoupements au sein de ces composantes. Par exemple, « le Canada dans le monde » et d'autres activités de communication font aussi partie de la catégorie Identité et Attachement). Dans le budget proposé pour l'exercice 2004-2005, les affectations budgétaires sont organisées en fonction du transfert des fonds du PDO aux partenaires.

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Project Review: To support the evaluation, the team reviewed the documentation available for a sample of 47 projects out of the approximately 500 projects funded by the PDP in the Canada. The team used information from the PDP database to draw a sample that captured the greatest proportion of the overall investment made between 1998 and 2004. As a result, the sample comprised projects that received grants of more than $75,000. Phone interviews were conducted with the leaders of a sub-sample of 14 projects, which the Program staff considered representative of more recent programming.

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Grâce au financement du PDO, la mission a ajouté de nouvelles dimensions et de nouveaux projets dans le contexte de sa collaboration avec le Helen Hayes Awards, un programme annuel de prix décernés dans le domaine du théâtre qui vise à reconnaître l'excellence dans le monde du théâtre à Washington.

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In the case of Germany, the Canadian Embassy has put forward a strategy aimed at promoting Canada as an innovative country with a vibrant and cutting edge culture. Through its specialized staff in performing arts, literature, and film/video, the Post operates a grant program supported by the PDP (directly and through the ACA) as part of its strategy. In its approach, the Embassy seeks to reach not only a large public but also German decision makers who are often present at cultural events. Contemporary dance and music as well as new media are among the key areas of focus of the cultural programming in Germany.

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Le manque de transparence a été soulevé comme étant une faiblesse du programme à plusieurs reprises durant les interviews avec les intervenants de AEC et au cours des enquêtes et des interviews menés auprès de certains groupes de la société civile qui ont reçu des fonds du PDO.

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As several of the Department's documents suggest, the Program was conceived as a "pilot" initiative. One of the principal characteristics of pilot projects is that they are designed with rigorous monitoring and evaluation systems so that lessons can be drawn from the experience. Although an internal assessment was conducted in 2002 and published as Bilan et Perspectives, the Program did not have an explicit monitoring and evaluation component. This would have been critical for learning from the experiences of the Program and making a future decision about seeking permanent funding. The consequences of the "on-going pilot" include the fact that staff and management resources were required for each of the renewals / extensions requested. In addition, the Program had to manage the possibility of "non-renewal" with its external constituencies, namely the civil society groups in Canada.

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En 1998, AEC a créé le Programme de diplomatie ouverte (PDO) avec l'objectif d'utiliser la plate-forme internationale pour promouvoir l'unité canadienne. Le programme était conçu comme un projet pilote à court terme destiné à renforcer l'identité des Canadiens et leur attachement envers leur pays, à projeter l'image du Canada à l'étranger et à sensibiliser les Canadiens.

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The Canada in the World paper of 1995 proposed a foreign policy for Canada based on three pillars: the promotion of prosperity and employment; the protection of our security, within a stable global framework; and the projection of Canadian values and culture. For the last ten years, the Third Pillar, which emphasized the projection of Canadian culture, provided the rationale for several programs at Foreign Affairs Canada (FAC). Today, these programs form part of the Department's new business line of public diplomacy.

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Le manque de transparence a été soulevé comme étant une faiblesse du programme à plusieurs reprises durant les interviews avec les intervenants de AEC et au cours des enquêtes et des interviews menés auprès de certains groupes de la société civile qui ont reçu des fonds du PDO.

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As several of the Department's documents suggest, the Program was conceived as a "pilot" initiative. One of the principal characteristics of pilot projects is that they are designed with rigorous monitoring and evaluation systems so that lessons can be drawn from the experience. Although an internal assessment was conducted in 2002 and published as Bilan et Perspectives, the Program did not have an explicit monitoring and evaluation component. This would have been critical for learning from the experiences of the Program and making a future decision about seeking permanent funding. The consequences of the "on-going pilot" include the fact that staff and management resources were required for each of the renewals / extensions requested. In addition, the Program had to manage the possibility of "non-renewal" with its external constituencies, namely the civil society groups in Canada.

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L'Association canadienne pour les Nations Unies (ACNU) qui organise les simulations de l'ONU à Ottawa, Enfants d'ici et d'ailleurs et Mer et Monde qui gère les stages à l'étranger, et l'Institut international d'études administratives de Montréal sont des exemples d'organisations qui ont reçu des fonds du PDO pendant deux et parfois trois ans.

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The sample of project documents also provides evidence of a shift towards a greater number of projects aimed at a domestic audience, but with activities overseas as evidenced by survey respondents indicating that 76% of projects took place outside Canada. Several of the domestic projects under review involved the participation of Canadians in activities either 1) taking place in Canada (Experience Canada, Conference des Amériques) and incorporating an international dimension such as cultural exchanges with foreign students, or 2) activities taking place abroad such as internships (Mer et Monde, EIA) that also entail a domestic dimension such as debriefing and outreach in Canada following the internships. The respondents to the survey indicate that 76% of projects take place outside of Canada.

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En vertu de la Loi sur les langues officielles (LLO), le gouvernement du Canada (par l'intermédiaire de ses ministères) doit s'engager à « renforcer la vitalité des communautés de langue officielle en situation minoritaire anglaise et française au Canada, à soutenir ces communautés et à contribuer à leur développement ». Le programme du PDO, en raison de son mandat et de sa structure souple, est devenu un des principaux mécanismes pour permettre à AEC de s'acquitter de ses obligations légales.

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This is also the case with NMUN participants from certain academic institutions who, as part of the project, have to share their experience at the UN simulation as well as a summary of their research on the country they represented. The University of Sherbrooke, for example, has incorporated the project into their academic program so that students can get academic credit for participating in the simulation. The University builds activities around this initiative (conferences about the country represented, etc.) to increase the educational value and raise awareness in the broader community. Students are also strongly encouraged to write articles in local newspapers.

  Évaluation du Programme...  

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La combinaison de programmes culturels et politiques soutenus par le PDO a été examinée et on a démontré les possibilités offertes par une telle combinaison dans les missions. La démarche de AEC en ce qui a trait au PDO dans l'avenir devrait s'inspirer de l'expérience des missions dans ce domaine.

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The evaluation has shown the overall value of "public diplomacy" to Canada's foreign policy. As noted in the new framework being put forward, public diplomacy is more than a discrete program/project. Thus, although we recommend that FAC end the Public Diplomacy Program as it has been operating, we also recommend that FAC continue to engage in public diplomacy and allocate the necessary resources. This intention has already been expressed in the Department's response to the International Policy Statement and declaration of Public Diplomacy as one of the six key departmental imperatives. The new approach should include a clear policy and results framework, which is already under development, and consider direct allocations to centers of responsibility. These centres should become accountable for resources within the context of the overall policy framework. Finally, FAC should develop strategies and allocate resources for monitoring, evaluation, and learning from its public diplomacy initiatives.

  Évaluation du Programme...  

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Il faut noter toutefois que les délais liés au versement des fonds pourraient difficilement être évités par les gestionnaires du Programme, car dans le processus annuel de renouvellement, le Conseil du Trésor ne transfère habituellement les fonds du PDO qu'après le début de l'exercice financier.

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The PDP has generally met the expectations of Posts by providing flexible funds for the Posts to use for their own public diplomacy initiatives. The study finds that Posts tend to pool funding resources in support of their business plans and public diplomacy strategies, without major distinctions made among the sources of funds. For example, there is no evidence of explicit differentiation between a cultural grant awarded using ACA funds and those awarded using PDP funds. In principle, the source of funding is not relevant to the beneficiary, except to the extent that the activity is designed to reflect an arts promotion and/or a public diplomacy objective.

  Évaluation du Programme...  

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Sur les plans de la gestion et de l'efficacité, le PDO a dû surmonter des obstacles liés à la courbe d'apprentissage dans l'élaboration des procédures et processus administratifs appropriés. Cette situation constituait une faiblesse durant les premières étapes de la mise en oeuvre du PDO, mais on a effectué des progrès importants en cette matière au cours des dernières années.

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Several program design issues may have frustrated the PDP's overall effectiveness. Although the individual components of the program made positive contributions, there often was little synergy among them. The program design issues include a complex structure and awkward practices; the lack of clearly stated objectives, planned results, and rigorous criteria for projects; the absence of separate Terms and Conditions for making transfer payments; and the lack of a program logic that helped to link its different components together. Although the resulting framework provided the PDP with flexibility that it needed to respond to the context, it also limited the Program's ability to manage for results. Furthermore, program origins and design issues, combined with the limited information available about the PDP, contributed to the perception of a lack of transparency in the program.

  Évaluation du Programme...  

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Sur les plans de la gestion et de l'efficacité, le PDO a dû surmonter des obstacles liés à la courbe d'apprentissage dans l'élaboration des procédures et processus administratifs appropriés. Cette situation constituait une faiblesse durant les premières étapes de la mise en oeuvre du PDO, mais on a effectué des progrès importants en cette matière au cours des dernières années.

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Several program design issues may have frustrated the PDP's overall effectiveness. Although the individual components of the program made positive contributions, there often was little synergy among them. The program design issues include a complex structure and awkward practices; the lack of clearly stated objectives, planned results, and rigorous criteria for projects; the absence of separate Terms and Conditions for making transfer payments; and the lack of a program logic that helped to link its different components together. Although the resulting framework provided the PDP with flexibility that it needed to respond to the context, it also limited the Program's ability to manage for results. Furthermore, program origins and design issues, combined with the limited information available about the PDP, contributed to the perception of a lack of transparency in the program.

  Évaluation du Programme...  

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De plus, la fierté est un concept qui n'est ni concret ni mesurable. Également, les limites de l'étude sur le plan méthodologique liées à l'accès direct aux participants des projets financés par le PDO ont rendu difficile l'évaluation d'un tel objectif.

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Several interviews with PDP partners revealed that activities taking place in Canada, like Experience Canada, UNAC and Rights and Democracy networking, had a stronger emphasis on increasing the understanding of Canada. For example, UNAC, which organized a UN simulation in Ottawa, developed specific activities to teach students about regional differences in Canada. This knowledge was then reinforced through direct interactions between participants, who often had left their province for the first time to participate in the simulation. Likewise, regional meetings organized by Rights and Democracy have allowed university delegations to meet and discuss human rights issues from regional perspectives.

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De plus, les partenaires du PDO ont fait savoir que des participants ont pris des mesures concrètes à la suite de leur participation à l'activité du projet. Certains ont choisi de s'engager davantage dans un travail de bénévolat, au développement des ONG, ou de participer à des réseaux de solidarité, et ainsi de suite.

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Every year approximately 350 Canadian students from different universities and colleges across the country, both Francophone and Anglophone, participate in the simulation of the National Model United Nations in New York. The simulation is presented as an opportunity to gain through knowledge of the inner workings of the UN as well as diplomatic and international issues. Funding the initiative is appropriate given the program objectives. A majority of student reports on the activity indicate that the simulation is an excellent opportunity to gain knowledge on international issues in a way that would not be possible through the university curriculum. Also, some students have mentioned that the NMUN is not only an opportunity to make contact with foreigners who have different cultural backgrounds but also meet with Canadians from regions that are not easily accessible. Several Francophone participants have mentioned that the simulation is a very good occasion to practice their second language in a challenging context. Additional anecdotes show how the participants in these simulations then take jobs in Canada's international policy community, including FAC.

  Évaluation du Programme...  

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(Il y avait aussi des recoupements au sein de ces composantes. Par exemple, « le Canada dans le monde » et d'autres activités de communication font aussi partie de la catégorie Identité et Attachement). Dans le budget proposé pour l'exercice 2004-2005, les affectations budgétaires sont organisées en fonction du transfert des fonds du PDO aux partenaires.

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Project Review: To support the evaluation, the team reviewed the documentation available for a sample of 47 projects out of the approximately 500 projects funded by the PDP in the Canada. The team used information from the PDP database to draw a sample that captured the greatest proportion of the overall investment made between 1998 and 2004. As a result, the sample comprised projects that received grants of more than $75,000. Phone interviews were conducted with the leaders of a sub-sample of 14 projects, which the Program staff considered representative of more recent programming.

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La mission en Allemagne a utilisé le PDO pour faire connaître le point de vue du Canada sur des questions de politique actuelles, comme les réalisations en matière d'éducation, le fédéralisme et l'immigration, entre autres.

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Several stakeholders interviewed noted the power of Canadian film for projecting identities and values in the Brazilian market. The positive media coverage and box office draw for Denys Arcand's Barbarian Invasions and the tour of the movie's vedette, Louise Portal, is the most frequently noted example. The Embassy in Brazil linked the tour of the film to a retrospective on Denys Arcand's films and a parallel panel discussion entitled "Barbarian illusions: the left in 2004." The panel on the positioning of leftist ideologies included participation by Ms. Portal and MP Maninha of Brazil's Worker's Party. Similar notions of impact on audience were cited for The Corporation, produced by Bart Simpson, and screened during the FIC Brasilia film festival. As one Brazilian policymaker noted, there is an underlying positive Brazilian predisposition to Canadian content in culture, entertainment, and news about "Canadian ways of doing things." This comes through in a country where most people do not know of or fully understand Canada.