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Gegen barocke Lebensart, Schwulst, Pathos und Zeremoniell erhebt sich die Sehnsucht nach Einfachem und Natürlichem, das Rousseau’sche Idealbild von der Rückkehr zur Natur, der Rückkehr zum Urzustand der Menschen in Tugend und Freiheit. Als „Natur“ galt auch die Antike, denn dort glaubt man noch alle Menschheitsideale verwirklicht zu sehen, die Kunst der Antike wurde als „klassisch“ bezeichnet.
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The 18th century is the Age of Enlightenment. The individual, using his mind and critical judgment, reaches a state of independence and maturity. The Enlightenment ends the old social order and leads to new ideas of human dignity, freedom and happiness. In opposition to the Baroque lifestyle, its grandiloquence, pathos and ceremonial, a longing for the simple and natural arises. Now is the time of Rousseau’s idealistic return to an original state of nature in virtue and freedom. „Nature“ that was also the antiquity, where all human ideals were believed to be realized, the art of antiquity was called “classical”. Classical means in general exemplary, true, beautiful, full of harmony as well as simple and understandable. The focus of interest is, amongst other topics, the education of man, the role of the people, the genius in man.
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