aas – Übersetzung – Keybot-Wörterbuch

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  Farine de haricot canne...  
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La composition en acides aminés révèle que le grillage et la germination augmentent la concentration d’acides aminés totaux, celle d’acides aminés essentiels et celle d’acides aminés contenant du soufre (AAS), alors que bouillir ou cuire les fèves diminuent les trois.
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With a view to supplementing protein-calorie in a developing country such as Nigeria, a study was conducted to determine the suitability of a little known crop, cranberry bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.). For this purpose, proximate analyses were done on mineral and amino acid composition of raw and processed seeds (roasted, sprouted, boiled and cooked) using standard analytical techniques. The processing methods showed deviations in nutrients from the raw seeds. Crude fat was found to be reduced by different processing methods, while crude protein was enhanced by roasting and sprouting. Processing significantly (P ≤ 0.05) affected the content of some minerals in P. coccineus seed flour. Roasting and sprouting reduced potassium content by 67.4 and 47.2%, respectively, while boiling and cooking increased the same mineral by 35.0 and 24.9%, respectively. All the processing methods reduced calcium content. Generally, processed cranberry bean seed flour was found to be a good source of essential minerals, and harmful heavy metals such as lead and cadmium were not detected. The amino acid profile revealed that roasting and sprouting enhanced total amino acid (TAA), total essential amino acid (TEAA) and total sulphur-containing amino acid (TSAA), while boiling and cooking reduced TAA, TEAA and TSAA. The limiting amino acid for raw and cooked seeds was Val, whereas TSAA were limiting in roasted, sprouted and boiled seeds. Sufficient proportions of the essential amino acids were retained after processing of the cranberry bean seed to meet FAO dietary requirement, so this crop is considered to be a valuable protein source for the African diet.
  Population yields and v...  
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Le procédé de CI consistait à encapsuler les bactéries dans des billes d’alginate ou de pectine, à placer ces billes dans un milieu de culture et à les incuber pendant 14 h pour laisser croître les bactéries à l’intérieur des billes. Nous avons examiné les populations cellulaires, la survie à la lyophilisation et l’activité acidifiante spécifique (AAS) après l’inoculation dans des jus de légumes.
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Leuconostoc mesenteroides BLAC cultures were produced using classical free-cell fermentation technology and immobilized cell technology (ICT). The ICT process consisted of entrapping the culture into alginate or pectin beads, adding them to a growth medium, and incubating for 14 h to allow growth of the culture inside the beads. Cell populations, survival to freeze-drying and specific acidifying activity (SAA) following inoculation in vegetable juices were examined. In free cell fermentations, 1.3 × 101º cells/mL were obtained while 1.6 to 2.0 × 1011 cells/g were found in beads. The total cell counts recovered per fermentor were similar in free-cell and ICT systems. In the ICT process, the free-cell level was only of 1% or less. No difference in population yields were noted between alginate and pectin gels. Survival to freeze-drying was between 65 and 80% and was not significantly affected by the prior fermentation process nor the alginate or pectin matrix. A methodology was developed to ascertain the free-cell content of the freeze-dried ICT cultures, and data showed that they contained 97.5% of gel-entrapped cells. Freshly prepared free-cell suspensions had four times higher SAA than comparative free-cell freeze-dried cultures. The dried ICT cultures had lower SAA than free-cell equivalents, but there was no significant effect of the ICT matrix (alginate or pectin) on SAA. The powders of the ICT culture were ground and sieved to obtain particles ranging from 38 ìm to 1000 ìm in diameter. The smaller the particle, the higher was its SAA. Fermentation of vegetable juices or pastes were carried out with the free and ICT cultures. In the ICT fermentation, the free-cell content of the inoculum represented 2.5% of the total population, but this increased to 88% after the 22 h incubation in vegetable juice. Data are discussed in relationship with potential benefits of ICT cultures in vegetable fermentations.
  Arsenic in Water, Soil,...  
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Outre des échantillons d’eau profonde provenant de puits tubulaires (>125 m de profondeur), des échantillons d’eau de pompes manuelles peu profondes (<50 m de profondeur) et de canaux ont également été collectés. Les échantillons ont été analysés afin d’y mesurer la concentration totale d’As à l’aide d’un spectrophotomètre d’absorption atomique doté d’un système de production hybride (AAS-HG).
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Arsenic (As), which is present in all living tissues, water, and soil, is considered toxic to humans and animals. Because of the presence of arsenic-contaminated sites throughout the world, there is a renewed interest in studying the status of As in water, soil, and plants. Concentrations of As above the permissible limit have been reported in Lower Ganges Plains (West Bengal in India and Bangladesh). The present investigation aimed to examine the concentration of As in water, soil, and rice plants in the Upper/Trans-Ganges Plains covering Punjab in northwestern India. In total, 200 water samples were collected from different locations in Punjab. Corresponding soil, rice grain, and straw samples were collected from the same locations as the water samples had been collected. In addition to deep tube well water (>125 m deep), water samples from shallow hand pumps (<50 m deep) and canals were also collected. The samples were analyzed for total As concentration using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer equipped with a hydride generating system (AAS-HG). The concentration of As in tube well water samples varied from 5.33 to 17.27 μg As L-1, with about 40% samples having As concentrations greater than the permissible limit (10 μg As L-1). None of the hand pump and canal water samples had As concentrations greater than permissible limits. The As concentration of surface soils varied from 1.09 to 2.48 mg As kg-1. There was no trend in the distribution of As with depth of soil. The concentration of As in rice straw varied from 4.05 to 15.06 μg As kg-1 and that of grain from 1.48 to 6.87 μg As kg-1. The concentration of As was lower in edible grain than in inedible straw. There was a positive and significant correlation between As concentration in tube well water and As concentration in surface soils. The buildup of As in soils was directly related to the As concentration of tube well waters. There was a significant correlation between As in water and As in plants. However, a nonsignificant correlation existed between As in soil and As in plants. This indicates that plants absorbed more As from irrigation water than that from soil. This also suggests that irrigation with such waters over a longer period of time may have detrimental effects on soil and on plants, animals, and humans. There is thus a need to continuously monitor the As concentration in undergroundwater.