beam irradiation – -Translation – Keybot Dictionary

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	IAEA CRP CRO-17051: Radiation hardness of semiconductors and insulators studied by focused ion beam irradiation and IBIC, 2012-2105, Principal investigator, Milko Jakšić
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine cems.irb.hr as primary domain	IAEA CRP CRO-17051: Radiation hardness of semiconductors and insulators studied by focused ion beam irradiation and IBIC, 2012-2105, Glavni istraživač, Milko Jakšić

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Raman spectra of SWNTs before and after electron beam irradiation is shown in Fig. 1. The acceleration voltage was 1 kV. The electron irradiation drastically decreased the radial breathing modes (RBM) intensity, which is characteristic in the quasi-one-dimensional structure of SWNTs, indicating that the irradiation caused structural damage in the SWNTs [1].

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ランダムなナノチューブネットワークから短絡を起こす不要なナノチューブのみを選択的に除去することができればナノチューブを用いて様々な回路構造を構成することができる。今回我々は、低加速電子の照射がナノチューブに損傷を与える現象を発見すると共に、この損傷を利用して不要なナノチューブのみを空間選択的に除去する方法を提案した。加速電圧1 kVの電子線照射前後の単層ナノチューブのラマン散乱スペクトルを図１に示す。ナノチューブに特徴的なRBM (Radial Breathing Mode) ピークが電子線の照射と共に大きく減少しており、ナノチューブに損傷が誘起されたことを示している。またこの損傷は1 kV前後の非常に低い加速電圧で激しく起こることが明らかとなった。一般にカーボンナノチューブは強靱な化学的、機械的強度を有するが、電子線照射損傷によりその強度は大きく減少する。我々はこのことを利用して、損傷を受けたナノチューブを選択的に、また簡便に除去する方法を開発した。この手法を200 nm径の微細な円柱構造を架橋する単層ナノチューブネットワークに適用した例を図２に示す。図中の破線上に電子を照射した後、試料に大気中で加熱処理を施した。非常に簡便な手法であるが、照射線上を横切るナノチューブが全て除去されていることがわかる。本結果は、ナノチューブの集積化の可能性を開くものである。

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Physical Property Control of ZnO Thin Film Using Hydrogen Ion Beam Irradiation at Low Temperature (Dep. Chem., Sch. Sci., Kyoto Univ.; Grad. Sch. Eng., Kyushu Univ.; KIT) o NAKAYAMA, Ryo; MAESATO, Mitsuhiko; NAGAOKA, Takashi; ARITA, Makoto; ZHU, Wenliang; PEZZOTTI, Giuseppe; KITAGAWA, Hiroshi
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine csj.jp as primary domain	Physical Property Control of ZnO Thin Film Using Hydrogen Ion Beam Irradiation at Low Temperature（Dep. Chem., Sch. Sci., Kyoto Univ.; Grad. Sch. Eng., Kyushu Univ.; KIT）○NAKAYAMA, Ryo; MAESATO, Mitsuhiko; NAGAOKA, Takashi; ARITA, Makoto; ZHU, Wenliang; PEZZOTTI, Giuseppe; KITAGAWA, Hiroshi

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The choice of treatment will be dependent on stage of cancers and other risk factors. Patients in the low-risk group will require local treatment such as radical prostatectomy which may include external beam irradiation or brachytherapy.

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การรักษามะเร็งต่อมลูกหมากประกอบด้วยการรักษาด้วยการผ่าตัด การรักษาด้วยรังสี (radiotherapy) การรักษาด้วยฮอร์โมน (hormonal therapy) และการรักษาด้วยยาเคมีบำบัด (chemotherapy) ทั้งนี้การเลือกการรักษาขึ้นกับระยะของโรค (staging) และปัจจัยเสี่ยง (risk factor) ต่างๆ ผู้ป่วยที่อยู่ในกลุ่มมีความเสี่ยงต่ำ (low risk group) การรักษาที่เหมาะสมจะเป็นการรักษาเฉพาะที่ (local treatment) ได้แก่ การผ่าตัดต่อมลูกหมาก (radical prostatectomy) หรือการใช้รังสีรักษาเฉพาะที่ต่อมลูกหมาก ซึ่งอาจจะเป็นการฉายรังสี (external beam irradiation) หรือการฝังแร่ (brachytherapy) กรณีโรคลุกลามมากขึ้นและมีปัจจัยเสี่ยงมากขึ้นจนอยู่ในกลุ่มที่มีความเสี่ยงปานกลาง (moderate risk group) หรือกลุ่มความเสี่ยงสูง (high risk group) นอกจากการรักษาเฉพาะที่ที่ต่อมลูกหมากแล้ว อาจต้องพิจารณาการรักษาในบริเวณข้างเคียง (regional treatment) หรือการรักษาทั้งระบบ (systemic treatment) ร่วมด้วย การรักษาบริเวณข้างเคียง ได้แก่ การผ่าตัดต่อมน้ำเหลืองในบริเวณอุ้งเชิงกราน (pelvic lymph node dissection) หรือการฉายรังสีคลุมบริเวณอุ้งเชิงกราน (pelvic lymph node irradiation) การรักษาทั้งระบบ ได้แก่ การรักษาด้วยการลดฮอร์โมนเพศชาย (androgen deprivation therapy) หรือการใช้ยาเคมีบำบัด (chemotherapy)

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	"Effects of Homogeneous Low Energy Electron Beam Irradiation (HLEBI) on Adhesive Force of Peeling Resistance of Laminated Sheet with Polyethylene (PE) and Austenitic 18-8 Stainless Steels", Materials Transactions 57: 373-378.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine mateis.insa-lyon.fr as primary domain	Lallart, M., G. Sebald, G. Diguet, J.-Y. Cavaillé, M. Nakano (2017). "Anisotropic magnetorheological elastomers for mechanical to electrical energy conversion", Journal of Applied Physics 122: 103902.

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Proton beam irradiation is very accurate, thus providing great benefits in the treatment of tumours near important structures, such as tumours of the brain, head, neck, eyes, lungs or pancreas, and in the treatment of children.

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2013 wurde in Prag ein Protonenzentrum (als eines von fünf in Europa) eröffnet. Es bietet die zielgenaue und schonende Methode der Protonenbestrahlung, die insbesondere bei der Behandlung von Tumoren in sensiblen Körperregionen, beispielsweise bei Tumoren des Gehirns, Kopfes und Halses, der Augen, Lunge oder Bauchspeicheldrüse, sowie Tumoren bei Kindern zum Einsatz kommt. Der wichtigste Vorteil des Protonenstrahls besteht darin, dass der Großteil der Energie ausschließlich im Tumorherd entladen und das umliegende gesunde Gewebe geschont wird.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	* MeV ion beam irradiation with Pelletron accelerator
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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	10. Kitamura S., Hayakawa Y., Kawamoto S. A reorbiter for large GEO debris objects using ion beam irradiation. Acta Astronautica, 2014, vol. 94, iss. 2, pp. 725–735. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.07.037
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine mmi.sgu.ru as primary domain	10. Kitamura S., Hayakawa Y., Kawamoto S. A reorbiter for large GEO debris objects using ion beam irradiation // Acta Astronautica. 2014. Vol. 94, iss. 2. P. 725–735. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actaastro.2013.07.037

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Protective gonad shields for patients must have a lead equivalent of at least 0.25 mm Pb and should have a lead equivalent thickness of 0.5 mm at 150 kVp. Gonad shields must be of sufficient size and shape to exclude the gonads completely from primary beam irradiation.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine hc-sc.gc.ca as primary domain	Les protège-gonades pour les patients doivent avoir du plomb équivalent à au moins 0,25 mm Pb et doivent avoir une épaisseur de plomb équivalente de 0,5 mm à 150 kVp. Les protecteurs de gonade doivent être de taille et forme suffisantes pour protéger complètement les gonades de l'irradiation du faisceau primaire.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Chander S, Datta NR, Singh K, and Rath GK. Evaluation of electron beam irradiation technique in Indian breast carcinoma patients. Ind J Med Sci 1990;44:143-147.
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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Protective gonad shields for patients must have a lead equivalent of at least 0.25 mm Pb and should have a lead equivalent thickness of 0.5 mm at 150 kVp. Gonad shields must be of sufficient size and shape to exclude the gonads completely from primary beam irradiation.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine hc-sc.gc.ca as primary domain	Les protège-gonades pour les patients doivent avoir du plomb équivalent à au moins 0,25 mm Pb et doivent avoir une épaisseur de plomb équivalente de 0,5 mm à 150 kVp. Les protecteurs de gonade doivent être de taille et forme suffisantes pour protéger complètement les gonades de l'irradiation du faisceau primaire.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Electron Beam Irradiation Induced Shape and Phase Transition of Rare Earth Fluoride Nanoparticles
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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Phase transition of ice Ic to ice XI under electron beam irradiation, Keita Kobayashi, Hidehiro Yasuda, Chemical Physics Letters, 547, 9-12, 2012.09, Papers
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine dma.jim.osaka-u.ac.jp as primary domain	Phase transition of ice Ic to ice XI under electron beam irradiation，Keita Kobayashi, Hidehiro Yasuda，Chemical Physics Letters，547, 9-12，2012年09月，学術論文

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	H-content of some samples is instable under ion beam irradiation
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The range verification using PET is based on β+-emitting nuclides produced in the body of the patient during the ion beam irradiation by nuclear reactions between the beam particles and the target during the treatment, e.g. carbon-11 is produced with a half-life of 20 min.

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Die Reichweitenverifikation mittels PET basiert auf den  β+-emittierenden Nukliden, die während der Bestrahlung im Körper des Patienten als Nebenprodukt der Behandlung entstehen. Genauer gesagt, resultieren sie aus Kernreaktionen zwischen dem Teilchenstrahl und Atomkernen im Gewebe. Zum Beispiel entsteht C-11, das eine Halbwertszeit von 20 Minuten hat. Aus den PET-Messungen lässt sich die Dosis nicht direkt ableiten. Deswegen wird eine Simulation benötigt, die die  β+-Aktivität und schließlich die PET-Messung vorrausberechnet, um einen Vergleich zu den gemessenen PET-Daten zu ermöglichen. Im Idealfall werden die gemessenen und die vorhergesagten Daten mit demselben Algorithmus rekonstruiert. Ein Softwarepaket für die Berechnung der PET-Messung sowie für die Bildanalyse und den Bildvergleich wird am MedAustron etabliert.

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The aim of this application is to generate as much as possible elemental and molecular information from the same particle. However, the combined use of EPMA and MRS methods meets fundamental difficulties, in particular the sensitivity of environmental particles under the laser beam and electron beam irradiation.

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De combinatie van de micro-Raman spectrometry (RMS) techniek en "thin window " electronen probe X-stralen micro analyse (TW-EPMA) voor milieu onderzoek kan gedetailleerde informatie geven over de karakteristieken van individuele deeltjes. Het doel van de toepassing van de EPMA en MRS is om zoveel mogelijk elementaire alsook moleculaire informatie te genereren van hetzelfde deeltje. Het gecombineerde gebruik van EPMA en MRS methoden blijkt toch fundamentele moeilijkheden te ondervinden, in het bijzonder betreffende de laser- en elektronengevoeligheid van de milieudeeltjes.

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Films of the nematic azobenzene-containing polyacrylate polymer and the cholesteric mixture prepared by doping of this polymer with thechiral dopant were investigated. Focused laser beam irradiation results in the crater formation formed due to a mass-transfer outside center of beam.

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Впервые выполнены исследования методом атомно-силовой микроскопии индуцированной лазерным излучением деформации поверхности и образования дефектов (кратеров) в жидкокристаллических, содержащих азобензол фотохромных полимерах. В исследовании использовали сочетание методов поляризационной микроскопии, микроскопии атомных сил и возможности облучения хорошо сфокусированным лазерным пучком с длиной волны 532 нм. Были исследованы пленки нематического азобензольного полимера, содержащего полиакрилат и холестерические смеси, включающие хиральные примеси. Облучение сфокусированным лазерным лучом  приводит к образованию кратера в результате в массопереноса за пределами центра луча. Глубина кратеров составляет от десятков нанометров и увеличивается с увеличением времени облучения. Обнаружено, что явление наблюдается только в «толстых» пленках (5 – 10) мкм, в отличие от тонких, приготовленных методом нанесения на вращающуюся подложку (spin-cotting), в которых подобного не происходит. Скорость образования кратера, глубина и диаметр кратера не зависят от хиральности системы и одинаковы для нематических и холестерических пленок. Показано, что для ориентированных вдоль оси нематических полимерных пленок массоперенос наблюдается только вдоль ЖК оси и не зависит от направления вектора поляризации лазерного излучения

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	1537. Growth of Isolated Domains Induced by Focused Ion Beam Irradiation in Congruent Lithium Niobate
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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	English , Ion-beam irradiation effect on the growth of carbon nanotubes in the SiC surface decomposition method , Japanese Journal of Applied Physics , vol.51 (1) (p.010201 - ) , 2012.01 , M. Naitoh, Y. Karayama, H. Ohaze, T. Ikari
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine research02.jimu.kyutech.ac.jp as primary domain	英語 、 Ion-beam irradiation effect on the growth of carbon nanotubes in the SiC surface decomposition method 、 Japanese Journal of Applied Physics 、 51巻 1号 （頁 010201 ～ ） 、 2012年01月 、 M. Naitoh, Y. Karayama, H. Ohaze, T. Ikari

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Selected area anodization for nanostructure formation on p-type silicon surface controlled by laser beam irradiation
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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Formation of Au nanoparticles in ionic liquid by electron beam irradiation, Akihito Imanishi, Masaaki Tamura and Susumu Kuwabata, Chem. Commun. (2009)1775-1777., 2009.01, Papers
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Abstract: The aim of the work was to evaluate the impact of the electron beam irradiation on colorimetric and spectral features of sea buckthorn and corn oils in order to find the suitable range of irradiation dose wherein the properties of these oils are minimally affected.

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Abstract: În prezenta fază s-a urmărit investigarea impactului iradierii cu fascicul de electroni asupra caracteristicilor colorimetrice și spectrale ale uleiului de cătină și uleiului de porumb, în vederea stabilirii domeniului de doze de iradiere în care proprietățile acestora sunt afectate minimal. Iradierea în câmp de electroni accelerați a condus la modificarea parametrilor cromatici ai uleiurilor vegetale comestibile investigate. Astfel, culoarea uleiului de cătină a devenit mai galbenă, intensă si mai luminoasă, în timp ce uleiul de porumb s-a decolorat cu creșterea dozei de iradiere. Pentru ambele uleiuri, nici o modificare de culoare nu a fost perceptibilă de ochiul uman pentru uleiurile iradiate până la 3 kGy, însă diferența totală de culoare indicând modificări semnificative ale acesteia. Evoluția diferenței totale de culoare a implicat un model în două etape, asociat cu degradarea lentă a culorii uleiului (pantă de 0,51±0,06 kGy-1 pentru uleiul de cătină și pantă de 0,44±0,04 kGy-1 pentru uleiul de porumb) până la 3 kGy, urmată de o degradare rapidă (pantă de 1,79±0,42 kGy-1 pentru uleiul de cătină și pantă de 1,85±0,13 kGy-1 pentru uleiul de porumb) până la 8 kGy. Pe de altă parte, deși caracteristicile spectrale ale probelor de ulei iradiate au fost aparent similare cu cele ale martorului, câteva diferențe legate de frecvența și intensitatea unor benzi au fost identificate după iradiere, indicând astfel alterarea integrității structurale a uleiurilor în urma expunerii la fascicul de electroni accelerați. Așadar, iradierea cu electroni accelerați până la 3 kGy poate fi un mijloc ecologic și eficace pentru asigurarea cerințelor de calitate a uleiurilor cu alterări minimale. Ca orice tehnică de condiționare și/sau conservare, iradierea are atât beneficii, cât și efecte secundare minime, care pot fi echilibrate prin utilizarea responsabilă și corectă a metodei. În plus, este important să se asume că o pierdere potențială a compușilor chimici cu rol bioactiv poate fi compensată prin îmbunătățirea igienei produselor iradiate.

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However, there are unsolved issues of ET: a significant amount of electron-beam irradiation during a tilt-series dataset acquisition; artifacts due to information loss at high specimen-tilt angles, so called "missing-wedge problem"; influences of dynamical diffraction and electron-beam absorption in a sample; the existence of subjective processes in 3D image visualization, etc.

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複数種の元素からなる結晶固体を構成する原子あるいは空孔が、温度や組成の変化に伴い、結晶格子点上を規則的に並んだり（A-B-A-B-...）ランダムに並んだり（A-A-B-A-...）する現象で、相分離と並ぶ拡散型相変態の一つです。今ではあまり知られていないかもしれませんが、国内外を問わず、TEMの分野で著名な50歳代以上の研究者の多くは、1900年代に規則ー不規則変態の研究に取り組んでおられます。例えば、A-B二元合金の場合、AとBどちらか一方の元素の配置が見えれば他方の配置もわかるので、原子分解能観察が難しかった当時のTEMでも原子レベルの構造・組織解析が可能であったと考えられます。一般に、規則−不規則変態の研究はやり尽くされた感がありますが、状態図に記載されていない準安定規則相や微細な短範囲規則化が観察されたり、それらが材料特性に無視できない影響を及ぼしたりと、材料開発の現場では意外と話題に挙がっています。また最近では、第一原理計算をはじめとする理論計算が発達してきているので、これまでは扱うことが困難であった複雑な規則構造や準安定な規則構造の安定性や規則化のメカニズムに迫ることが可能となってきています。