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  Photosynthetic and grow...  
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Ces paramètres comprenaient la hauteur de la plante, la teneur en matière sèche des racines et des parties aériennes, le rapport racines/parties aériennes, le potentiel de pression du xylème (PPX), diverses composantes du rendement, divers paramètres photosynthétiques ainsi que l’efficacité instantanée d’utilisation de l’eau (EUE).
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Water and nitrogen (N) deficiency are two major constraints limiting the yield and quality of many oilseed crops worldwide. This study was designed to assess the response of Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz to the availability of N and water resources on photosynthesis and yield parameters. All the measured variables, which included plant height, root and shoot dry matter, root:shoot ratio, xylem pressure potential (XPP), yield components, photosynthetic parameters, and instantaneous water-use efficiency (WUE) were remarkably influenced by water and nitrogen supply. Net photosynthetic rate (P N) and yield components were significantly decreased more by water deficit than by N deficiency. XPP, stomatal conductance (g s), and intercellular CO2 concentration (C i) decreased substantially as the water deficit increased irrespective of the level of N application. WUE at the high N supply [100 and 150 kg(N) ha+1] dropped in a large degree as the increased water deficit due to a larger decrease in P N than transpiration rate (E). The results of this study suggest that the regulative capacity of N supply on photosynthetic and plant growth response is significantly affected by soil water status and C. sativa is more sensitive to water deficit than N supply.
  Effects of rainfall har...  
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Au moyen d’expériences menées au champ en 2005 et 2006 dans le district de Gaolan, au Gansu, en Chine, nous avons étudié l’effet des systèmes de récolte des eaux de pluie à billons et sillons (SREPBS), des paillis de surface et des systèmes d’irrigation supplémentaire, utilisés en diverses combinaisons, sur la récolte d’eau de pluie, l’humidité du sol, l’efficacité d’utilisation de l’eau (EUE), le rendement en biomasse du sorgho à sucre (Sorghum bicolor L.) et le rendement grainier du maïs (Zea mays L.).
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In semi-arid areas, crop growth is greatly limited by water. Amount of available water in soil can be increased by surface mulching and other soil management practices. Field experiments were conducted in 2005 and 2006 at Gaolan, Gansu, China, to determine the influence of ridge and furrow rainfall harvesting system (RFRHS), surface mulching and supplementary irrigation (SI) in various combinations on rainwater harvesting, amount of moisture in soil, water use efficiency (WUE), biomass yield of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolour L.) and seed yield of maize (Zea mays L.). In conventional fields without RFRHS, gravel-sand mulching produced higher biomass yield than plastic-mulching or straw-mulching. In plastic-mulched fields, an increasing amount of supplemental irrigation was needed to improve crop yield. There was no effect of RFRHS without plastic-covered ridge on rainwater harvesting when natural precipitation was less than 5 mm per event. This was due to little runoff of rainwater from frequent low precipitation showers, and most of the harvested rainwater gathered at the soil surface is lost to evaporation. In the RFRHS, crop yield and WUE were higher with plastic-covered ridges than bare ridges, and also higher with gravel-sand-mulched furrows than bare furrows in most cases, or straw-mulched furrows in some cases. This was most likely due to decreased evaporation with plastic or gravel-sand mulch. In the RFRHS with plastic-covered ridges and gravel-sand-mulched furrows, application of 30 mm supplemental irrigation produced the highest yield and WUE for sweet sorghum and maize in most cases. In conclusion, the findings suggested the integrated use of RFRHS, mulching and supplementary irrigation to improve rainwater availability for high sustainable crop yield. However, the high additional costs of supplemental irrigation and construction of RFRHS for rainwater harvesting need to be considered before using these practices on a commercial scale.
  Incidence de l'azote et...  
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On a souvent analysé l’efficience d’utilisation de l’eau (EUE) dans les milieux semi-arides, mais les systèmes agricoles qui intègrent la jachère ont été mal évalués. Par ailleurs, pareilles études à court terme permettent difficilement d’évaluer de manière adéquate l’impact des variations météorologiques dans de tels environnements.
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Water use efficiency (WUE) has often been analyzed for semiarid environments, but fallow-containing cropping systems were assessed inappropriately. Further, these short-term studies are unlikely to correctly assess weather variability impacts in such environments. We assessed the impact of fertilizer N and P on water use efficiency (WUE) and precipitation use efficiency (PUE) of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from a 39-yr long-term crop rotation study in semi-arid southwestern Saskatchewan. In the rotation experiment, continuous wheat (Cont W) with N + P or P fertilizer only, and fallow-wheat-wheat (F-W-W) with N + P, P only, or N only were studied. We calculated WUE using: (i) Yield (Y)/[water use (WU)/potential water use (PET)]; (ii) Y/WU; (iii) Y/WU with a fallow phase element added; and (iv) Y/harvest-to-harvest precipitation (PUE). The WUEs in the rotation experiment were generally greater for treatments with N + P fertilizer, and greatest after an increase of N application coupled with favourable soil water conditions in the final decades of this study. In cases (i) and (ii), WUE for F-W-W was greater than for the Cont W-treatment. In case (iii), the WUEs were 5.7, 4.5, 3.9, 3.6, and 3.6 kg ha-1 mm-1 water for Cont W (N + P), Cont W (P), F-W-W (N + P), F-W-W (P), and F-W-W (N), respectively. For PUE [case (iv)] the values were 4.0, 3.1, 3.4, 3.0, and 2.9, respectively. We concluded that case (ii) was most appropriate for continuous cropping and case (iii) for systems including fallow, while case (iv) was usable in general.
  Incidence de l'azote et...  
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On a souvent analysé l’efficience d’utilisation de l’eau (EUE) dans les milieux semi-arides, mais les systèmes agricoles qui intègrent la jachère ont été mal évalués. Par ailleurs, pareilles études à court terme permettent difficilement d’évaluer de manière adéquate l’impact des variations météorologiques dans de tels environnements.
Comparer pages textesComparer pages HTMMontrer URL avec texte sourceMontrer URL avec langue cibleDéfinir www5.agr.gc.ca comme domaine prioritaire
Water use efficiency (WUE) has often been analyzed for semiarid environments, but fallow-containing cropping systems were assessed inappropriately. Further, these short-term studies are unlikely to correctly assess weather variability impacts in such environments. We assessed the impact of fertilizer N and P on water use efficiency (WUE) and precipitation use efficiency (PUE) of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from a 39-yr long-term crop rotation study in semi-arid southwestern Saskatchewan. In the rotation experiment, continuous wheat (Cont W) with N + P or P fertilizer only, and fallow-wheat-wheat (F-W-W) with N + P, P only, or N only were studied. We calculated WUE using: (i) Yield (Y)/[water use (WU)/potential water use (PET)]; (ii) Y/WU; (iii) Y/WU with a fallow phase element added; and (iv) Y/harvest-to-harvest precipitation (PUE). The WUEs in the rotation experiment were generally greater for treatments with N + P fertilizer, and greatest after an increase of N application coupled with favourable soil water conditions in the final decades of this study. In cases (i) and (ii), WUE for F-W-W was greater than for the Cont W-treatment. In case (iii), the WUEs were 5.7, 4.5, 3.9, 3.6, and 3.6 kg ha-1 mm-1 water for Cont W (N + P), Cont W (P), F-W-W (N + P), F-W-W (P), and F-W-W (N), respectively. For PUE [case (iv)] the values were 4.0, 3.1, 3.4, 3.0, and 2.9, respectively. We concluded that case (ii) was most appropriate for continuous cropping and case (iii) for systems including fallow, while case (iv) was usable in general.
  Incidence de l'azote et...  
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On a souvent analysé l’efficience d’utilisation de l’eau (EUE) dans les milieux semi-arides, mais les systèmes agricoles qui intègrent la jachère ont été mal évalués. Par ailleurs, pareilles études à court terme permettent difficilement d’évaluer de manière adéquate l’impact des variations météorologiques dans de tels environnements.
Comparer pages textesComparer pages HTMMontrer URL avec texte sourceMontrer URL avec langue cibleDéfinir www5.agr.gc.ca comme domaine prioritaire
Water use efficiency (WUE) has often been analyzed for semiarid environments, but fallow-containing cropping systems were assessed inappropriately. Further, these short-term studies are unlikely to correctly assess weather variability impacts in such environments. We assessed the impact of fertilizer N and P on water use efficiency (WUE) and precipitation use efficiency (PUE) of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from a 39-yr long-term crop rotation study in semi-arid southwestern Saskatchewan. In the rotation experiment, continuous wheat (Cont W) with N + P or P fertilizer only, and fallow-wheat-wheat (F-W-W) with N + P, P only, or N only were studied. We calculated WUE using: (i) Yield (Y)/[water use (WU)/potential water use (PET)]; (ii) Y/WU; (iii) Y/WU with a fallow phase element added; and (iv) Y/harvest-to-harvest precipitation (PUE). The WUEs in the rotation experiment were generally greater for treatments with N + P fertilizer, and greatest after an increase of N application coupled with favourable soil water conditions in the final decades of this study. In cases (i) and (ii), WUE for F-W-W was greater than for the Cont W-treatment. In case (iii), the WUEs were 5.7, 4.5, 3.9, 3.6, and 3.6 kg ha-1 mm-1 water for Cont W (N + P), Cont W (P), F-W-W (N + P), F-W-W (P), and F-W-W (N), respectively. For PUE [case (iv)] the values were 4.0, 3.1, 3.4, 3.0, and 2.9, respectively. We concluded that case (ii) was most appropriate for continuous cropping and case (iii) for systems including fallow, while case (iv) was usable in general.
  Incidence de l'azote et...  
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On a souvent analysé l’efficience d’utilisation de l’eau (EUE) dans les milieux semi-arides, mais les systèmes agricoles qui intègrent la jachère ont été mal évalués. Par ailleurs, pareilles études à court terme permettent difficilement d’évaluer de manière adéquate l’impact des variations météorologiques dans de tels environnements.
Comparer pages textesComparer pages HTMMontrer URL avec texte sourceMontrer URL avec langue cibleDéfinir www5.agr.gc.ca comme domaine prioritaire
Water use efficiency (WUE) has often been analyzed for semiarid environments, but fallow-containing cropping systems were assessed inappropriately. Further, these short-term studies are unlikely to correctly assess weather variability impacts in such environments. We assessed the impact of fertilizer N and P on water use efficiency (WUE) and precipitation use efficiency (PUE) of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from a 39-yr long-term crop rotation study in semi-arid southwestern Saskatchewan. In the rotation experiment, continuous wheat (Cont W) with N + P or P fertilizer only, and fallow-wheat-wheat (F-W-W) with N + P, P only, or N only were studied. We calculated WUE using: (i) Yield (Y)/[water use (WU)/potential water use (PET)]; (ii) Y/WU; (iii) Y/WU with a fallow phase element added; and (iv) Y/harvest-to-harvest precipitation (PUE). The WUEs in the rotation experiment were generally greater for treatments with N + P fertilizer, and greatest after an increase of N application coupled with favourable soil water conditions in the final decades of this study. In cases (i) and (ii), WUE for F-W-W was greater than for the Cont W-treatment. In case (iii), the WUEs were 5.7, 4.5, 3.9, 3.6, and 3.6 kg ha-1 mm-1 water for Cont W (N + P), Cont W (P), F-W-W (N + P), F-W-W (P), and F-W-W (N), respectively. For PUE [case (iv)] the values were 4.0, 3.1, 3.4, 3.0, and 2.9, respectively. We concluded that case (ii) was most appropriate for continuous cropping and case (iii) for systems including fallow, while case (iv) was usable in general.
  Incidence de l'azote et...  
Montrer texteMontrer source en cacheMontrer URL avec texte source
On a souvent analysé l’efficience d’utilisation de l’eau (EUE) dans les milieux semi-arides, mais les systèmes agricoles qui intègrent la jachère ont été mal évalués. Par ailleurs, pareilles études à court terme permettent difficilement d’évaluer de manière adéquate l’impact des variations météorologiques dans de tels environnements.
Comparer pages textesComparer pages HTMMontrer URL avec texte sourceMontrer URL avec langue cibleDéfinir www5.agr.gc.ca comme domaine prioritaire
Water use efficiency (WUE) has often been analyzed for semiarid environments, but fallow-containing cropping systems were assessed inappropriately. Further, these short-term studies are unlikely to correctly assess weather variability impacts in such environments. We assessed the impact of fertilizer N and P on water use efficiency (WUE) and precipitation use efficiency (PUE) of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from a 39-yr long-term crop rotation study in semi-arid southwestern Saskatchewan. In the rotation experiment, continuous wheat (Cont W) with N + P or P fertilizer only, and fallow-wheat-wheat (F-W-W) with N + P, P only, or N only were studied. We calculated WUE using: (i) Yield (Y)/[water use (WU)/potential water use (PET)]; (ii) Y/WU; (iii) Y/WU with a fallow phase element added; and (iv) Y/harvest-to-harvest precipitation (PUE). The WUEs in the rotation experiment were generally greater for treatments with N + P fertilizer, and greatest after an increase of N application coupled with favourable soil water conditions in the final decades of this study. In cases (i) and (ii), WUE for F-W-W was greater than for the Cont W-treatment. In case (iii), the WUEs were 5.7, 4.5, 3.9, 3.6, and 3.6 kg ha-1 mm-1 water for Cont W (N + P), Cont W (P), F-W-W (N + P), F-W-W (P), and F-W-W (N), respectively. For PUE [case (iv)] the values were 4.0, 3.1, 3.4, 3.0, and 2.9, respectively. We concluded that case (ii) was most appropriate for continuous cropping and case (iii) for systems including fallow, while case (iv) was usable in general.