fod – -Translation – Keybot Dictionary

  Colour_and_banding_help  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Gall rai browns fod yn dywyll neu’n ysgafn. Pan fyddwch yn dod ar draws cregyn brown tywyll, nid oes problem wrth adnabod eu lliw.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	Browns can be dark or pale. When you come across dark brown shells, there is no problem in identifying their colour.

  Colour_and_banding_help  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Os oes gennych gragen gwag heb periostracum, gwlychwch o rywfaint a dylai’r lliw ddangos. Os na allwch weld lliw mewn cragen o’r fath, taflwch ef i ffwrdd; gall fod wedi colli gormod o liw i fod o ddefnydd.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	If the shell appears white even with its periostracum intact, score it as yellow. If you have an empty shell without a periostracum, moisten it a bit and the colour should show. If you can see no colour in such a shell, discard it; it may have faded too much to be useful.

  How_to_hunt_banded_snails  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Patrwm cragen: Nid oes gan cregyn ni fand unrhyw ôl band o gwbl, mae gan cragen un band un band amlwg eithaf cul ond weithiau maent wedi ymdoddi mewn i un band llydan iawn neu gallai rannau o’r band fod ar goll.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	Shell pattern: Unbanded shells have absolutely no sign of bands, a one banded shell has one obvious fairly narrow band, many banded shells have many bands but sometimes these are fused together into one very wide band or the bands can be missing in parts. Most shells that are not clearly unbanded or one banded should be classed as many banded in this survey.

  Colour_and_banding_help  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Gall y bandiau fod wedi ymdoddi a’u gilydd i wneud bandiau mwy llydan neu gallant fod yn gysylltiedig mewn modd eitha budr fel bod y lliw wedi gollwng. Yn aml, bydd un band neu fwy ar goll. Cofiwch efallai nad ydynt â lliw ( y cyflwr hyalozonate nodwyd eisoes).
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	The bands may be fused together to make wider bands or they may be connected in a rather smudgy way as though the pigment had leaked. Often, one or more bands are missing, or much weaker than the others. Remember that they may not be pigmented (the hyalozonate condition mentioned previously).

  Evolution MegaLab  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL

Rydym yn defnyddio prawf 'Chi Square' i gymharu'r niferoedd o'r prîf fathau o falwod yn y sampl hanesyddol gyda'r sampl rydych chi wedi ei gyflwyno. Mae'r adborth yn yr e-byst a fyddwch yn ei dderbyn wedi ei seilio ar os yw'r prawf hwn yn canfod newid sylweddol (p< 0.05) neu beidio.

Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain

We use a Chi Square test to compare the counts of snails of the main types in the historical sample with the sample that you have submitted. The feedback in the e-mail you receive is based upon whether this test finds a significant (p < 0.05) change or not. Note that one out of 20 (or 5%) of samples can be expected to be 'significant' at the p < 0.05 level just by chance. For this reason we offer a cautiously worded interpretation of all data. Of course the final study using all the data will be statistically much more sophisticated.

  How_to_hunt_banded_snails  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Anelwch I gasglu 50 oedolyn Cepaea os gallwch, ond gall sampl o cynlleied a 5 neu 6 fod yn ddigon os dyma’r oll gallwch ddod o hyd iddynt. (Os yw amgylchiadau yn rhy sych gallwch wastad ddod yn nol yn hwyrach i gwblhau’r sampl).
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	Aim to collect 50 adult Cepaea if you can, but a sample of as few as 5 or 6 is sufficient if this is all you can find. (If conditions are too dry you can always come back later to complete the sample).

  Colour_and_banding_help  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Gall y bandiau fod wedi ymdoddi a’u gilydd i wneud bandiau mwy llydan neu gallant fod yn gysylltiedig mewn modd eitha budr fel bod y lliw wedi gollwng. Yn aml, bydd un band neu fwy ar goll. Cofiwch efallai nad ydynt â lliw ( y cyflwr hyalozonate nodwyd eisoes).
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	The bands may be fused together to make wider bands or they may be connected in a rather smudgy way as though the pigment had leaked. Often, one or more bands are missing, or much weaker than the others. Remember that they may not be pigmented (the hyalozonate condition mentioned previously).

  Colour_and_banding_help  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Y peth cyntaf i edrych amdano wrth sgorio malwod yw lliw’r cragen. Anwybyddwch unrhyw fandiau a all fod ar y cragen. Y gwahaniaeth sylfaenol rydym am i chi ei wneud yw os yw’r cragen yn felyn, pinc neu brown.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	The first thing to look for when scoring snails is the colour of the shell itself. Ignore any bands there may be on the shell. The basic division we want you to make is whether the shell is yellow, pink or brown.

  Cwestiynau a Ofynnir yn...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL

Gallwch deipio eich cyfesurynnau lledred a hydred eich hunain yn y blwch manylion lleoliad. Efallai y byddwch yn canfod hyn yn ddefnyddiol os nad ydych yn gallu nodi safle eich sampl yn fanwl ar y map.

Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain

You can type in your own latitude and longitude co-ordinates in the location details box. You may find this useful if you are not able to accurately pin point your sample site. This may be because the area is under cloud or has not been mapped in enough detail. If you are using a GPS recorder to record site location, ensure it is set to record the decimal latitude and longitude not degrees/minutes/seconds.

  Cwestiynau a Ofynnir yn...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL

Caiff rai poblogaethau eu sefydlu (cychwyn) gan nifer fechan o unigolion a bydd eu disgynyddion yn rhannu priodweddau etifeddol y rhai cyndadau hyn. Gan fod Cepaea yn wryw-benyw, gall hyd yn oed un falwen sefydlu poblogaeth newydd os yw wedi paru cyn cyrraedd y lleoliad newydd.

Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain

Some populations are founded (started) by a small number of individuals whose descendants then all share the inherited characteristics of these few ancestors. Because Cepaea are hermaphrodites, even one snail can found a new population if it has mated before arriving in a new location. Although many Cepaea populations are polymorphic, a few may contain only one or two morphs due to the founder effect. This is particularly seen outside the native range of Cepaea, such as in populations that have been introduced in N. America.

  Cefndir Evolution MegaLab  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Roedd cregyn tywyllach arfer a bod yn fwy cyffredin yn y gogledd o'i gymharu â'r de. Credwn fod hyn gan fod cregyn tywyllach yn cynhesu'n gynt mewn golau haul, gan alluogi i anifeiliaid fod yn fwy gweithgar nag malwod sydd â chregyn mwy golau mewn mannau oerach.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	There is also a geographical pattern in the colour of shells that we think may have changed in response to the warming of the climate over the last 30 years. Darker shells used to be more common in the north than in the south. We think this was because darker shells warm up more quickly in sunlight, enabling the animals to be more active than light-coloured snails in colder areas.

  Colour_and_banding_help  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Os oes gennych gragen gwag heb periostracum, gwlychwch o rywfaint a dylai’r lliw ddangos. Os na allwch weld lliw mewn cragen o’r fath, taflwch ef i ffwrdd; gall fod wedi colli gormod o liw i fod o ddefnydd.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	If the shell appears white even with its periostracum intact, score it as yellow. If you have an empty shell without a periostracum, moisten it a bit and the colour should show. If you can see no colour in such a shell, discard it; it may have faded too much to be useful.

  Cefndir Evolution MegaLab  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Mae gwyddonwyr wedi bod yn astudio'r malwod haenog am nifer o flynyddoedd ac maent wedi canfod bod y mathau â chregyn tywyllach yn fwy cyffredin mewn coetiroedd ble mae lliw cefndir brown, tra mewn glaswellt mae malwod haenog yn dueddol o fod yn fwy golau, melyn a stribedi.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	Scientists have been studying the banded snail for many years and have found that the darker shell types tend to be more common in woodland where the background colour is brown, while in grass banded snails tend to be lighter-coloured, yellow and more stripy. This variation is thought to be adaptive, at least in part providing camouflage.

  How_to_hunt_banded_snails  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Lliw cragen: Gall hyn fod yn eitha ystrywgar, yn enwedig wrth wahaniaethu rhwng pinc a brown. Y dull gorau i wahaniaethu yw i edrych ar ochr waelod y cragen, mae cregyn brown yn frown gyda naws piws ysgafn tra nad oes gan rai pinc y piws.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	Shell colour: This can be a little tricky, especially distinguishing between pink and brown. The best way to distinguish is to look at the underside of the shell, brown shells are brown with a faint purple tinge whereas pink shells lack the purple.

  Colour_and_banding_help  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	O bryd i’w gilydd, hefyd, gall fod olion ysgafn iawn o fandiau uwchben ac o dan yr un canolog (gelwir hyn yn “bandiau lloeren”).
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	Sometimes there may be a wider smudge of band pigment behind the mouth , but if there is only one band continuing round the whorls, score it as one banded.

  Colour_and_banding_help  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Gall crefyn pinc a melyn fod a pen melyn, felly gwnewch eich penderfyniad gyda hanner isaf y cragen. Mae lliw y cragen yn aml yn fwy ysgafn mewn cregyn a bandiau, yn enwedig y rhai hynny gyda llawer o fandiau.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	Both pink and brown shells can be yellow at the apex, so make your decision on the lower half of the shell. The shell colour is often fainter in shells with bands, especially those with many bands.

  Evolution MegaLab  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Rydym yn edrych ar y sampl hanesyddol agosach a gafodd ei chynnal o fewn radiws o 5km i'ch un chi. Rhaid i'r ddau sampl fod wedi cael eu gwneud yn yr un math o gynefin.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	We look for the nearest historical sample made within a radius of 5 km of yours. The two samples must have been made in the same kind of habitat.

  Cwestiynau a Ofynnir yn...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	mae'r safle hwn angen i javascript a cookies fod wedi eu galluogi.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	this site needs both javascript and cookies to be enabled.

  Colour_and_banding_help  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Gall gwahaniaethu thwng pinc a brown fod yn fwy anodd. Mae “Pinc” yn aml yn aneglur, yn enwedig mewn cregyn bandog, a gall y dwysedd a’r lliw amrywio gryn dipyn.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	The distinction between pink and brown can be harder. “Pink” is often a bit of a misnomer, especially in banded shells, and the shade and intensity vary quite a lot.

  Cefndir Evolution MegaLab  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Roedd cregyn tywyllach arfer a bod yn fwy cyffredin yn y gogledd o'i gymharu â'r de. Credwn fod hyn gan fod cregyn tywyllach yn cynhesu'n gynt mewn golau haul, gan alluogi i anifeiliaid fod yn fwy gweithgar nag malwod sydd â chregyn mwy golau mewn mannau oerach.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	There is also a geographical pattern in the colour of shells that we think may have changed in response to the warming of the climate over the last 30 years. Darker shells used to be more common in the north than in the south. We think this was because darker shells warm up more quickly in sunlight, enabling the animals to be more active than light-coloured snails in colder areas.

  Cefndir Evolution MegaLab  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Roedd cregyn tywyllach arfer a bod yn fwy cyffredin yn y gogledd o'i gymharu â'r de. Credwn fod hyn gan fod cregyn tywyllach yn cynhesu'n gynt mewn golau haul, gan alluogi i anifeiliaid fod yn fwy gweithgar nag malwod sydd â chregyn mwy golau mewn mannau oerach.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	There is also a geographical pattern in the colour of shells that we think may have changed in response to the warming of the climate over the last 30 years. Darker shells used to be more common in the north than in the south. We think this was because darker shells warm up more quickly in sunlight, enabling the animals to be more active than light-coloured snails in colder areas.