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The composition, the density of the materia forming the head of a comet and the various kinds of tails became the object of study during the 19th century. It was discovered that the spectrum of the tail diverged from that of the head which was partly consistent with the sun's since it derived from reflected sunlight. The Italian astronomer Giovannis Schiaparellis (1835-1910) discovered a relationship between meteor showers and comets in 1866. In connexion with this, large amounts of microscopic grains were found in the comets and it was also possible to conclude the presence of various gases.
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