gatt – -Translation – Keybot Dictionary

Show text Show cached source Open source URL	Comme l’APIE type du Canada, celui conclu avec la Jordanie comprend des exceptions générales concernant la protection de la vie et de la santé humaines, animales et végétales ainsi que la préservation des ressources naturelles nonrenouvelables. Ces mesures, qui se trouvent au paragraphe10(1), reposent sur celles préconisées aux articles XX du GATT et XIV de l’AGCS.
Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain	Mirroring Canada’s model, the final Canada-Jordan FIPA includes general exceptions with respect to the protection of human, animal or plant life or health, as well as the conservation of exhaustible natural resources. These safeguards, found in Article 10(1), are based on those contained in GATT Article XX and GATS Article XIV.

Rapport d'évaluation en...

L’article [ X-1] du chapitre sur les exceptions basé sur l’article XX du GATT contient une exception générale à l’égard de la protection de la santé et de la vie des personnes, des animaux et des espèces végétales, ainsi que des mesures de conservation des ressources naturelles non renouvelables.

Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain

The Canada-Jordan FTA includes two key environmental provisions in the institutional area of the FTA text. Based on GATT Article XX, Article[ X-1] of the Exceptions Chapter contains a general exception with respect to the protection of human, animal or plant life or health, as well as the conservation of exhaustible natural resources. Article [X-5] of the Initial Provisions Chapter includes a conflict-of-law provision outlining the relationship between the FTA and certain Multilateral Environment Agreements containing specific trade obligations, which are in force for both Parties. The Environment Chapter within the FTA includes environmental objectives and summarizes the obligations set out in the parallel Environment Agreement.

Show text Show cached source Open source URL	Il comprend aussi une déclaration dans le préambule sur la compatibilité de l’accord avec le développement durable, en plus d'exceptions générales quant à la protection de la vie et de la santé humaines, animales et végétales aux articles XX et XIV du GATT.
Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain	Canada also recognizes the benefits of transparency with respect to procedural arrangements associated with our investment agreements. This includes investor-state dispute settlement procedures, whereby Canada seeks to facilitate third-party (amicus) submissions to tribunals, for example.

Show text Show cached source Open source URL	La délégation canadienne a donc dû se contenter de l’Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT), qui s’est révélé l’un des instruments de réforme économique les plus efficaces et aussi les moins bureaucratiques de l’après-guerre.
Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain	The United States rejected the concept of an international trade organization. So the Canadian delegation had to settle for a General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which turned out to be one of the most effective, as well as the least bureaucratic, post-war instruments of economic reform.

Cadre pour l'évaluation...

Show text Show cached source Open source URL	GATT - Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce
Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain	NACEC - North American Commission for Environmental Cooperation

Ces mesures de sauvegarde sont fondées sur celles contenues à l’article XX de l'Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers (GATT) et à l’article XIV de l'Accord général sur le commerce des services (AGCS).

Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain

Similar to Canada’s previous free trade agreements, the Canada-Colombia and Canada-Peru FTAs are both complemented by parallel Agreements on the Environment which include general exceptions with respect to the protection of human, animal or plant life or health, as well as the conservation of exhaustible natural resources. These safeguards are based on those contained in GATT Article XX and GATS Article XIV.

Les négociations portant sur l’accès aux marchés des produits agricoles ont été abordées plus haut et celles portant sur les services seront examinées ci-dessous. Par le passé, les négociations portant sur les « produits non agricoles » ont été au coeur de chacun des huit cycles précédents des négociations du GATT/OMC.

Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain

In addition, Canada has also eliminated (or is in the process of eliminating) tariffs in various free trade agreements (FTAs) with the United States and Mexico, Chile, and Israel, as well as a more recent agreement that will soon be implemented with Costa Rica. Further agreements now under negotiation, (including with Central America, the European Free Trade Association [EFTA], Singapore, as well as a Free Trade Area of the Americas [FTAA]) will add to this total.

Guide pour l'évaluation...

Show text Show cached source Open source URL	GATT
Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain	NAFTA

Négociations concernant...

Show text Show cached source Open source URL	Comme l'APIE type du Canada, celui conclu avec le Madagascar comprend des exceptions générales concernant la protection de la vie et de la santé humaines, animales et végétales ainsi que la préservation des ressources naturelles non renouvelables. Ces mesures, qui se trouvent au paragraphe 1 de l'article 17, reposent sur celles préconisées aux articles XX du GATT et XIV de l'AGCS.
Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain	Mirroring Canada’s model, the final Canada-Madagascar FIPA includes general exceptions with respect to the protection of human, animal or plant life or health, as well as the conservation of exhaustible natural resources. These safeguards, found in paragraph 1 of Article 17, are based on those contained in GATT Article XX and GATS Article XIV.

EE initiale de l'APIE C...

Il comprend également, dans le préambule, une déclaration sur la conformité de l’accord aux objectifs de développement durable, et prévoit des exceptions générales relatives à la santé humaine, animale et végétale, dans le même esprit que l’articleXX du GATT ou l’articleXIV de l’Accord général sur le commerce des services.

Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain

Canada’s FIPA model incorporates various safeguards aimed at protecting Canada’s right to regulate for legitimate public welfare objectives. It also includes a statement in the preamble on the consistency of the agreement with sustainable development, in addition to general exceptions with related to protecting human, animal, or plant life or health similar to GATT Article XX/GATS Article XIV.

Dans l’optique de l’objectif général du GATT, qui est de réduire ou d’éliminer les obstacles au commerce, il est curieux de voir que ces deux groupes géographiques, qui comprennent tous les membres du Groupe des 7 sauf un – le Japon – travaillent et réussissent à étendre la portée de leur zone régionale de libre-échange, mais ne semblent pas vouloir libéraliser le commerce entre eux.

Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain

In terms of the overall objective of the GATT, which is to reduce or eliminate trade barriers, it is curious that these two geographical groupings, which include all except one of the members of the Group of 7 – Japan – are making successful efforts to extend the scope of their regional free trade areas, but show few signs of wanting to establish free trade between them. It is true that the Uruguay Round lowered tariff barriers, and the GATT now covers agriculture products and services. This is helpful; it also means, of course, that there would be fewer adjustments to make as a result of removing, or redrawing, the barriers around the members of the two free trade groupings.

ÉE finale de l'APIE ent...

Show text Show cached source Open source URL	Comme l’APIE type du Canada, celui conclu avec le Koweït comprend des exceptions générales concernant la protection de la vie et de la santé humaines, animales et végétales ainsi que la préservation des ressources naturelles nonrenouvelables. Ces mesures, qui se trouvent au paragraphe1 de l’article17, reposent sur celles préconisées aux articles XX du GATT et XIV de l’AGCS.
Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain	Mirroring Canada’s model, the final Canada-Kuwait FIPA includes general exceptions with respect to the protection of human, animal or plant life or health, as well as the conservation of exhaustible natural resources. These safeguards, found in paragraph 1 of Article 17, are based on those contained in GATT Article XX and GATS Article XIV.

Show text Show cached source Open source URL	Même si les négociations actuelles du GATT, soit l’Uruguay Round, devaient être couronnées de succès, les centres du pouvoir véritable demeureront au sein de ces regroupements et, du moins en Europe mais peut-être aussi en Amérique du Nord, les institutions centrales continueront vraisemblablement à grandir et à se développer en tant qu’entités juridiques supranationales.
Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain	Even if the current Uruguay Round of GATT succeeds, the centres of true power will reside in these groupings, and, at least in Europe and possibly North America, the central institutions are likely to continue to widen and deepen into more supranational legal structures.

Show text Show cached source Open source URL	Le GATT est devenu le moyen par lequel les gouvernements des pays avancés du monde libre (comme on les appelait alors) ont fait des concessions réciproques et supprimé un à un les obstacles au commerce qu’ils avaient érigés pendant les mauvais jours des années 30.
Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain	The GATT became the instrument by which the governments of the advanced countries of the free world (as they were then called) traded concessions and dismantled step by step the barriers to trade they had erected in the bad old days of the 1930’s.

Je me suis déclaré contre l’accord non pas parce que je m’oppose au libre-échange; après tout, j’ai passé la plus grande partie de ma vie publique à lutter contre le protectionnisme et les ardents nationalistes économiques. J’ai prêché l’évangile de la libéralisation du commerce. J’ai été l’un des plus fervents partisans du GATT. J’ai dirigé une délégation en Amérique latine.

Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain

I spoke out against the agreement not because I was opposed to free trade; after all, I had spent most of my public life fighting protectionists and zealous economic nationalists. I preached the gospel of freer trade. I was one of the strongest supporters of the GATT. I had led a delegation to Latin America. As C.D. Howe’s Deputy Minister I opened trading relationships with the Soviet Union. Later, as Foreign Minister, I negotiated the establishment of diplomatic relations with the People’s Republic of China.

Show text Show cached source Open source URL	Il inclut également dans le préambule une déclaration sur la conformité de l'accord aux objectifs de développement durable ainsi que des exceptions générales relatives à la santé, à la sécurité ou à l'environnement, dans le même esprit que l'article XX du GATT ou l'article XIV de l'Accord général sur le commerce des services.
Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain	Canada’s new FIPA model incorporates various safeguards aimed at protecting Canada’s right to regulate for legitimate public welfare objectives. It also includes a statement in the preamble on the consistency of the agreement with sustainable development, in addition to general exceptions with related to protecting human, animal, or plant life or health à la GATT Article XX/GATS Article XIV.

Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain

Le Canada a été l’un des principaux pays à soutenir le GATT dès la création de ce dernier. Il s’agit d’une tribune multilatérale. Ses membres, dont le nombre a augmenté d’année en année, sont des pays avec lesquels nous effectuons des échanges commerciaux, que nous souhaitons accroître.

Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain

From the outset, Canada has been a leading supporter of the GATT. This is a multilateral forum. The members, which increased in number, year by year, are countries with which we do business and want to do more. One of the principal reasons we entered into a trade agreement with Japan in 1954, for example, was to sponsor that country as a member of the GATT to bring it within the multilateral rules. The principle of mostfavoured- nation treatment – in other words, the principle of non-discrimination – conforms to Canada’s outlook on the world: we want as much freedom as possible.

Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain

La réduction des droits de douane a constitué la pierre angulaire des négociations commerciales multilatérales depuis l’adoption de l’Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT) en 1947.

Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain

Of the five major studies reviewed, the most ambitious modelling forecast is by Brown and Stern21. This study suggests comparatively large overall income gains from post-Uruguay trade liberalization. The authors estimate an overall static net welfare gain of US $211 billion based on the assumption of a 33 per cent reduction in manufacturing tariffs. Of this total, the authors estimate a net welfare gain to Canada of US $2.8 billion, leading to a rise in exports of at least US $3.3 billion and a corresponding rise in imports of US$3 billion. The authors further maintain that this estimate should be considered on the low side, because of the absence of dynamic gains (i.e., the estimates do not take into account such factors as capital accumulation or productivity increases).

Dans une large mesure, nous avions obtenu le libre-échange avec les États-Unis, mais il fallut bien nous rendre compte que, simultanément, nous nous étions exposés à un nouveau type de vulnérabilité. Le GATT, en effet, avait supprimé le tarif douanier, mais il n’avait pas mis en place, parallèlement, des mesures efficaces de règlement des différents commerciaux.

Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain

In large measure, we had gained free trade with the U.S., but we realized we had, as a result, become subject to a new type of vulnerability. The GATT had removed tariffs but it had not constructed, in parallel, effective measures to settle trade disputes. When tariffs were replaced with an explosion of non-tariff barriers, that is to say, when neo-protectionism spread its shadow across the world’s largest trading relationship, Canada, the more dependent and vulnerable partner, had no objective mechanisms, no shield other than retaliation, to cope with the threats.

Nous assistons donc au spectacle de deux groupes géographiques de pays – dont le nombre est à la hausse – occupés à éliminer les obstacles au commerce entre eux tout en maintenant des barrières importantes contre le reste du monde, y compris l’autre zone de libre-échange. Je me demande si ceux qui ont approuvé l’exemption à la règle de non-discrimination du GATT, permettant ainsi les zones de libre-échange, ont prévu ce qui se passe présentement.

Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain

So here we have the spectacle of two geographical groupings of countries – which are increasing in numbers – engaged in eliminating trade barriers between their members but maintaining significant barriers against the rest of the world, including the other free trade grouping. I wonder whether those who approved the exemption from the GATT non-discrimination rule, permitting free trade areas, foresaw what is now taking place. I doubt it. If they had, I think they might have advocated a different set of rules.

ÉE finale de l'APIE ent...

Show text Show cached source Open source URL	Comme l’APIE type du Canada, celui conclu avec le Bahreïn comprend des exceptions générales concernant la protection de la vie et de la santé humaines, animales et végétales ainsi que la préservation des ressources naturelles non renouvelables. Ces mesures, qui se trouvent au paragraphe 1 de l’article 17, reposent sur celles préconisées aux articles XX du GATT et XIV de l’AGCS.
Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain	Mirroring Canada’s model, the final Canada-Bahrain FIPA includes general exceptions with respect to the protection of human, animal or plant life or health, as well as the conservation of exhaustible natural resources. These safeguards, found in paragraph 1 of Article 17, are based on those contained in GATT Article XX and GATS Article XIV.

Nous pouvions nous enorgueillir de la participation du Canada à toutes les grandes opérations de maintien de la paix montées sous l’égide des Nations Unies. L’ONU, les institutions spécialisées et le GATT constituaient les grands pôles de notre action internationale.

Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain

We became principal architects of the Commonwealth and La Francophonie and regarded them as centrepieces of our foreign policy. It became our proud claim that Canada was a participant in every major peacekeeping operation held under the auspices of the United Nations. The UN, the specialized agencies and GATT were a principal focus of our international effort. Europe and Latin America, the Caribbean and, indeed, every continent and region required our diplomatic presence. An endless battle between the diplomats and the treasury led to the typically Canadian phenomenon of opening embassies and then closing them, then opening them again and closing them – what might be called the Ecuador Embassy syndrome. The battle continues to this day, when we have 146 offices throughout the world.

Le Canada et les États-Unis étaient partenaires dans l’entreprise d’édification des organisations internationales – l’Organisation des Nations Unies (ONU), l’Accord général sur les tarifs douaniers et le commerce (GATT), les institutions spécialisées – et dans l’engagement à les rendre efficaces.

Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain

Nor did the pursuit of these goals produce friction with the United States. Canada and the U.S. were partners in the enterprise of building world organizations – the United Nations (UN), the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), the specialized agencies – and in making them work. Subsequently, the U.S. and Canada were both architects of the most important innovation in the history of the UN – after its creation – the transfer of effective political power from the Security Council, paralysed by the Cold War, to the General Assembly.

Il comprend également, dans le préambule, une déclaration sur la conformité de l’accord aux objectifs de développement durable, et prévoit des exceptions générales relatives à la santé humaine, animale et végétale, dans le même esprit que l’article XX du GATT ou l’article XIV de l’Accord général sur le commerce des services.

Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain

Malgré cela, dans le cadre du GATT, le Canada n’a pas toujours négocié de la même manière que les autres pays industrialisés. Par exemple, pendant le 6ecycle de négociations sur la réduction des tarifs douaniers – le Kennedy Round – alors que j’étais ministre du Commerce, nous n’avons pas accepté une réduction généralisée du pourcentage de nos droits de douane.

Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain

Although this is so, Canada didn’t always participate in the GATT negotiations on the same basis as other industrialized countries. For example, in the sixth round of tariff cuts – the Kennedy Round – when I was Minister of Trade and Commerce, we did not agree to across-the-board percentage cuts in our tariffs. We argued that because of the nature of our trade – the high proportion of foodstuffs and raw materials in our exports and of manufactured goods in our imports – other countries gained much more valuable access to our market for manufactured goods than we gained from an equal percentage cut in the already low tariffs on foodstuffs and raw materials in countries to which we exported. We insisted on equivalence of benefits – which meant our tariffs on manufactured goods remained relatively high. At the time it was good politics. The government got credit for clever bargaining. However, one result was that it left our costs stubbornly high. Consequently, we have had more difficulty in adjusting both to the CanadaUnited States Free Trade Agreement and to the globalization of markets.

Le multilatéralisme a été et demeure une tendance persistante de la politique commerciale canadienne, bien qu’on s’en soit un peu éloigné par la signature d’un accord de libre-échange avec les Etats-Unis. C’est pourquoi nous continuons à participer aux négociations du GATT et c’est pourquoi nous appuyons la formation d’une organisation mondiale du commerce.

Compare text pages Compare HTM pages Open source URL Open target URL Define international.gc.ca as primary domain

Multilateralism was, and is, a persistent strand of Canadian trade policy, although it was breached by entering into a free trade agreement with the United States. That is why we continue to participate in the GATT negotiations; that is why we support the formation of a world trade organization. And that is why we support NAFTA and its enlargement; the more members in NAFTA, the less isolated we feel in our relationship with the United States.

La mondialisation et le...