jeûne – -Translation – Keybot Dictionary

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  Élaboration d'un modèle...  
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L'ACIA prévoit participer, à titre de partenaire, à divers projets de recherche visant à transformer les informations des fiches de renseignements sur les élevages de poulet en données électroniques ainsi qu'à analyser ces données afin de fournir des renseignements. Par exemple, on pourrait générer des informations sur l'influence des divers régimes de jeûne sur les niveaux de contamination des carcasses.
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The fifth evaluation challenge identified was the limited use of flock information sheets in the development of "farm to table" linkages. The CFIA plans to partner in various research projects to transform the flock sheet information into electronic data, and to analyze the data to provide information. For example, information may be generated on the effects of various feed withdrawal regimes on levels of carcass contamination.
  Page 6 - Loi canadienne...  
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, 1992) à 1,9 % chez des lapins à qui on avait administré des concentrations élevées du composé (540 mg/kg-m.c.) et soumis à une période de jeûne avant l'administration (Yokel et McNamara, 1985). Cefali
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, 1987) to 0.60% calculated from plasma aluminum versus time curves for oral versus intravenous administration in rabbits (Yokel and McNamara, 1988). For aluminum lactate, estimates of bioavailability range from 0.02% in rats (Wilhelm
  Enquête sur la santé da...  
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Dans chaque énoncé, on précise que le manque d'argent ou de moyens pour se procurer des aliments est à l'origine de la situation ou du comportement. L'instrument de mesure ne tient pas compte de la faim attribuable à un régime ou un jeûne volontaire.
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The measures function well in the U.S. because the behaviours and experiences represented by questions in the module correspond closely to the most prevalent experiences and responses of the U.S. population in coping with inadequate resources for food. This result was achieved by basing the questions upon a substantial body of research among low-income U.S. families regarding their experiences of food deprivation and how they described and coped with them (Radimer, Olson, and Campbell 1990; Radimer, Olson, Greene et al. 1992; Wehler, Scott, and Anderson 1992). The questions reflect familiar conditions, experiences, and behaviours, and use natural language derived from the qualitative research to describe them.
  Recommandations pour la...  
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Ces effets sont probablement liés à l'apport alimentaire limité durant la période d'inactivité, le jeûne augmentant l'activité de la CYP2E1 et potentialisant l'hépatotoxicité du tétrachlorure de carbone (Bruckner et coll., 2002).
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As there are no adequate long-term studies on carbon tetrachloride, the subchronic rat study by Bruckner et al. (1986) was chosen as the most appropriate study for risk assessment. The subchronic rodent studies conducted by Condie et al. (1986), Hayes et al. (1986), and Allis et al. (1990) support the choice of the Bruckner et al. (1986) study, as similar hepatotoxic effects were observed in these studies at similar doses. It should be noted that carbon tetrachloride was administered to rats as a single oral bolus in corn oil in Bruckner et al. (1986), which does not represent the typical exposure scenario in humans. Sanzgiri et al. (1995) demonstrated that carbon tetrachloride was significantly more hepatotoxic when administered as a single oral bolus than when it was administered by gastric infusion over a period of 2 hours. Furthermore, Bruckner et al. (1986) dosed the rats with carbon tetrachloride soon after the beginning of their light/inactive period, which has since been shown to result in increased susceptibility to carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity. This effect is likely related to restricted food intake during the inactive period, as fasting is known to increase CYP2E1 activity and potentiate carbon tetrachloride hepatotoxicity (Bruckner et al., 2002). Given the experimental evidence suggesting that the dosing regimen and timing used in the Bruckner et al. (1986) study may have influenced the observed toxicity, the guideline derived from this study is based on a conservative approach.
  Le plomb [Document tech...  
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Note de bas de page 35,Note de bas de page 36 Chez l'enfant, on a évalué à 30 pour cent le taux d'absorption gastro-intestinale du plomb contenu dans le sol et la pous-sière. Note de bas de page 21 L'absorption du plomb augmente beaucoup à la suite d'un jeûne et lorsque l'apport alimentaire de calcium et de phosphore est faible.
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Lead can be absorbed by the body through inhalation, ingestion, dermal contact (mainly as a result of occupational exposure)Footnote 33 or transfer via the placenta.Footnote 34 In adults, approximately 10% of ingested lead is absorbed into the body.Footnote 20 Young children absorb from 40% to 53% of lead ingested from food.Footnote 35,Footnote 36 For lead in soil and dust, the gastrointestinal absorption rate in children has been estimated as 30%.Footnote 21 Absorption of lead is greatly increased after fasting and when the intakes of dietary calcium and phosphorus are low.Footnote 37,Footnote 38The relationship between blood lead levels of children and adults and the concentration of lead in water and in food appears to be curvilinear overall, with the curve at low doses near-linear.Footnote 39,Footnote 40, Footnote 41, Footnote 42 The amount of airborne lead deposited and absorbed in the lungs of adults ranges from 30% to 50%.Footnote 20 No data on absorption following inhalation in children are available; however, their respiratory uptake of lead is likely to be comparatively greater than that of adults on a body weight basis.Footnote 20 Placental transfer of lead occurs in humans as early as the twelfth week of gestation, and uptake of lead by the foetus continues throughout development.Footnote 43 The concentration of lead in umbilical cord blood is correlated with maternal blood lead levels in ratios that range from 0.8 to 1.0.Footnote 34,Footnote 39,Footnote 44,Footnote 45 The ratio of foetal blood lead level to maternal blood lead level is also about 0.8 to 1.0.Footnote 34,Footnote 44Once lead is absorbed, it enters either a "rapid turnover" biological pool with distribution to the soft tissues (blood, liver, lung, spleen, kidney and bone marrow) or a "slow turnover" pool with distribution mainly to the skeleton.Footnote 46 Of total body lead, approximately 80 to 95% in adults and about 73% in children accumulate in the skeleton.Footnote 47,Footnote 48 The biological half-life of lead is approximately 16 to 40 days in bloodFootnote 46,Footnote 49 and about 17 to 27 years in bones.Footnote 46,Footnote 50Metabolic balance studies in infants and young children indicated that net retention of lead averaged 32% of intake above intakes of 5 µg/kg bw per day, whereas retention was negative (i.e., excretion exceeded intake) below 5 µg/kg bw per day. Regression analysis indicated a balance point of 4.1 µg/kg bw per day.Footnote 36 No increases in blood le