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Budgettaire impactberekening van de toekenning van een rentetoelage voor ondernemingen die lijden onder de verstoorde bereikbaarheid ten gevolge van hinder door openbare werken.
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Budgetary impact of the granting of an interest for companies that suffer the accessibility disturbed as a result of interference by public works
  Activiteiten - Facultei...  
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jan Gedragsmoeilijkheden en psychisch lijden'bij mensen met zwakbegaafdheid, verstandelijke beperking en/of autisme
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Feb Small animal PET imaging of pathological alterations in transgenic mouse models of Alzheimer's disease
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Een analyse van het dubieuze karakter van het lijden in Becketts oeuvre dient als basis voor een beschrijving van zijn werk als een conflict tussen een Schopenhaueriaanse en Nietzcheaanse tragische modaliteit die zijn werk "voorbij pessimisme" projecteert
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The research concerns the validity of the notion of "pessimism" in Beckett's work. Its basis is an analysis of the dubious nature of suffering in the Beckettian text will lead to a description of his oeuvre as staging a conflict between a Schopenhauerian and Nietzchean tragic mode which projects it "beyond pessimism"
  Andreas Gevaert - Unive...  
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Maar liefst 15 miljoen Europeanen lijden aan chronisch hartfalen, een hartziekte met erg slechte prognose. De helft valt in de categorie "hartfalen met bewaarde ejectiefractie" of HFpEF, waarbij de pompfunctie van het hart normaal is.
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At least 15 million Europeans suffer from chronic heart failure, a heart disease with a very bad prognosis. Half of patients have a normal pump function of the heart muscle and fall into the category of "heart failure with preserved ejection fraction" or HFpEF. Because of aging and exposure to high blood pressure, blood sugar and cholesterol, the heart becomes thick and stiff. This leads to symptoms such as shortness of breath, swollen ankles and reduced exercise capacity. Prognosis is very bad, and there is currently no good treatment for HFpEF.
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Als voorbereiding op de Belgische consensusvergadering over de klinische doeltreffendheid van medicatie bij gecompliceerde hypertensie (hypertensie bij diabetes type 2, cerebrovasculair lijden, hartziekte, chronische nierziekte) , wordt een literatuurstudie uitgevoerd naar klinische studies met als eindpunten de reductie van cardiovasculaire morbiditeit en mortaliteit, en reductie van nierfalen en morbiditeit tgv diabetes.
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As preparation for the Belgian consensus meeting on clinical efficacy of medication for complicated hypertension (hypertension with type 2 diabetes, cerebrovascular and heart diseases, chronic kidney disorders), a literature review will be done on clinical studies with the following endpoints: reduction of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, reduction of renal failure and morbidity, type 2 diabetes morbidity)
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Via prospectief longitudinaalonderzoek naar het voorkomen van Mycoplasma fermentans, Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma penetrans dmv P CR in 50 CFS patiënten, 50 gezonde controles uit dezelfde leefomgeving en 50 chronisch vermoeide patiënten, die niet lijden aan CFS wordt gezocht naar prevalenties, alsook correlaties tussen klinisch beeld en PCR resultaat.
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The etiology of the Chronic Fatigue Syndrome(CFS) remains unclear; infectious agents like Mycoplasma species have been proposed to play a role. In a prospective longitudinal study of a limited number of CFS patients(n=50), an equal number of healthy controls living in the same area and 50 patients with a CFS-Iike clinical picture, prevalence of Mycoplasma fermentans, Mycoplasma hominis and Mycoplasma penetrans is investigated by P CR. Correlations between clinical picture and laboratory results will be studied.
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Patiënten met een cerebrovasculair accident vertonen vaak jaren na het insult motorische en functionele beperkingen, die een grote impact hebben op het dagelijks functioneren en de levenskwaliteit. Dit resulteert in een verminderde aerobe capaciteit met een verhoogd risico op cardiovasculair lijden.
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Many stroke survivors have residual physical impairments that may lead to a sedentary lifestyle and consequently a decline in cardiorespiratory fitness. Research is needed to determine the optimal protocol to train individuals with different levels of physical impairment and cardiac risk. It is useful to know the long-term effects of aerobic exercise training as well as the relationship between improvement in aerobic capacity and daily function.
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Patiënten die lijden aan MS zouden in de toekomst gevaccineerd kunnen worden met tolerogene DC en/of immuunonderdrukkende Treg om alzo autoreactieve T-cellen, die autoimmuniteit veroorzaken, te elimineren of te inactiveren.
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In this project, we want to further investigate and exploit the capacity of DC and Treg to correct or modulate pathogenic responses in MS patients. Current research will provide the foundation for the eventual development of a cellular vaccine for the treatment of MS. Depending on the results of this study it can be envisaged to treat patients suffering from MS with tolerogenic DC and/or immunosuppressive Treg in order to eliminate or inactivate autoreactive T cells.
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Patiënten die lijden aan MS zouden in de toekomst gevaccineerd kunnen worden met tolerogene DC en/of immuunonderdrukkende Treg om alzo autoreactieve T-cellen, die auto-immuniteit veroorzaken, te elimineren of te inactiveren.
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In this project, we want to further investigate and exploit the capacity of DC and Treg to correct or modulate pathogenic responses in MS patients. Current research will provide the foundation for the eventual development of a cellular vaccine for the treatment of MS. Depending on the results of this study it can be envisaged to treat patients suffering from MS with tolerogenic DC and/or immunosuppressive Treg in order to eliminate or inactivate autoreactive T cells.
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Het project wil drie doelstellingen realiseren : - Een globaal beeld schetsen van de bestaande epidemiologische gegevens over HIV/AIDS en SOA. - Nagaan welke artsen vooral te maken hebben met patiënten die lijden aan een SOA.
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The aim of the project is : - Tb make a global picture of epidemiological data concerning incidence and prevalence of HIV/AIDS and STD. - Tb investigate the consultationbehaviour of STD-patients : which medical doctors see patients with an STD ? - Tb develop a training for physicians to improve their skills to counsel STD-patients.
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Vervolgens door na te gaan welke factoren bijdragen tot dit effect (medierende factoren) en door na te gaan welke factoren kunnen voorspellen wie een gunstig of ongunstig effect van de therapie zal ondervinden (prognostische indicatoren). Deze bevindingen zullen van belang zijn voor huisartsen, NKO specialisten, audiologen, tandartsen en kinesitherapeuten, aangezien zij allen in contact komen met patienten die lijden aan tinnitus.
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This project aims to improve the quality of care for patients suffering from tinnitus attributed to a temporomandibular dysfunction (TMD). This by verifying the effect of TMD treatment on tinnitus. As a next step, underlying working mechanisms of the applied treatment will be investigated (mediating factors). Third, variables that predict the treatment outcome (responders/ non-responders) will be analysed (prognostic indicators). Our findings wil be of importance for general practitioners, ENT specialists, audiologists, dentists and physical therapists, since they all deal with patients suffering from tinnitus.
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De Universiteit van Lubumbashi (UNILU) en DR Congo lijden onder een ernstig gebrek aan gekwalificeerd personeel in klinisch wetenschappelijk onderzoek van internationale kwaliteit en wetenschappelijke output; vooral in infectieziekten.
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La RD Congo et l' l'Université de Lubumbashi (UNILU) souffrent d'une grave carence du personnel compétent en recherche scientifique clinique de qualité internationale et en relève académique; surtout en pathologies infectieuses. Ce projet initial vise à créer une unité de recherche clinique à la Faculté de médecine de l'UNILU. Pour s'y faire, ce projet permettra la formation du personnel académique dans la conduite des recherches cliniques mais aussi en épidémiologie et statistiques. La formation du personnel scientifique se concrétisera par la réalisation de 7 projets de recherches sélectionnés de manière compétitive avec un sup-port adéquat de laboratoire. Les récipiendaires bénéficieront des cours ad hoc et d'un encadrement des professeurs de l'UA, de l'UNIKIN et de l'UNILU afin de pouvoir continuer avec leur projet de recherche jusqu'au niveau doctoral..
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Erfelijke neuralgische amyotrofie (HNA) is een autosomaal dominante zenuwziekte. HNA patiënten lijden een een pijnlijke neuropathie van de brachiale plexus, met spierzwakte en -atrofie. Dysmorfe kenmerken kunnen voorkomen maar segregeren niet altijd met het fenotype.
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Hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy (HNA) is an autosomal dominant recurrent focal neuropathy. HNA patients have episodes of painful brachial plexus neuropathy with muscle weakness and atrophy. Minor dysmorphic features can be present, but these do not always segregate with the disease phenotype. We described a large HNA family showing significant linkage to chromosome 17q24-q25 and defined a candidate region of 16 cM. Genetic analysis of 6 new HNA-families allowed us recently to narrow down the HNA-candidate region to a 9,3 cM interval between the flanking markers D17S785 and D17S836. A North American group defined a HNA-candidate region that overlaps our region and allows to construct a minimal HNA candidate region of 3,5 cM, between the markers D17S785 and D17S802. In addition we have excluded two candidate genes, a putative sialyltransferase and the SFRS2 splicing factor by direct DNA sequencing in our HNA-families. The aims of the proposed research project are: 1. the construction of a clone contig of the latest HNA-candidate region, 2. the mapping of positional and functional candidate genes on the clone contig, 3. the identification of new genes in the HNA-region, and 4. the mutation analysis of genes identified by 2. and 3. through direct DNA sequencing in members of our HNA-families, in order to identify the causative genetic defect.
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Het is regelmatig beargumenteerd dat de Europese Unie (EU) zou lijden aan een 'democratisch tekort' en dat de Europese representatieve democratie niet goed functioneert. In het algemeen wordt verwacht dat Europarlementariërs (MEPs) de stem van de Europese burger zouden moeten vertegenwoordigen (zie de website van het Europees Parlement).
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It is often argued that the European Union (EU) suffers from a 'democratic deficit' and that its representative democracy is not functioning well. Generally, it is expected that the Members of the European Parliament (MEPs) should represent the 'citizens' voice in the EU' (see European Parliament's website). Yet, we know little about the representative behaviour of MEPs. Who or what do MEPs actually represent? And how can we explain differences in their so-called 'foci of representation'? Is this just a matter of differences between MEPs or can an MEP represent someone or something different in different contexts? These are the questions guiding this research project. Empirically, we focus on one of the key tasks of MEPs: to legislate. More specifically, the amendments MEPs introduce to legislation proposed by the European Commission (EC) will be analysed. The project will look into whether the amendments refer to, for example, a specific business or industry, to a more general interest like global warming, or to the MEPs member state or local constituency. The innovative contribution is that we start from the assumption that MEPs do not express just one of these foci, but that they can combine multiple foci in one amendment and shift between foci according to policy issue or moment in the electoral cycle. Theoretically, the aim is to explain variation in the focus of representation using a model that integrates EU-level, individual level and country level factors.
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Hun prognostische betekenis kan niet langer ontkend worden. De mechanismen die de acuut fase proteïnen koppelen aan de korte en lange termijn prognose bij coronair lijden zijn onduidelijk. Nieuwe data suggeren dat de vermindering van de normale endotheliale functie door de inflammatoire respons een link voorstelt tussen systemische inflammatie en ischemische coronaire syndromen.
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Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality is one of the major health issues in the Western world. It is known that myocardial infarction can severely affect the prognosis of a patient. More research in this area is needed. Miniaturisation of the technology has made it possible to perform measurements in the human coronary circulation. This technological development offers an unique opportunity to study pathophysiological processes in humans. The vasoreactivity of the microcirculation can for instance be assessed by measuring the flow in basal and hyperemic conditions. Furthermore it is possible to perform simultaneous pressure-flow measurements. With the use of adapted software these signals can be combined and a pressure-flow loop of the coronary circulation can be made. Extrapolation of the diastolic pressure-flowrelation to the pressure-axis (X-axis) can give us an estimation of the zero flow pressure. The slope of this diastolic relation can also learn us something about the conductance of the coronary circulation. Nowadays one has realised that myocardial infarction triggers an inflammatory cascade which is accompanied by the release of numerous cytokines. Their prognostic implications can no longer be denied. The mechanisms that relate acute phase proteins to short and long term prognosis are unclear. New data suggest that impairment of the endothelial function by an inflammatory response creates a link between systemic inflammation and ischemic coronary syndromes. The purpose of this project is to gain more insight in the pathophysiology of the coronary circulation after infarction by perfoming intracoronary measurements and by measuring inflammatory cytokines.
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Epilepsie is zowel klinisch als genetisch een zeer heterogene aandoening waaraan ongeveer 50 miljoen patiënten wereldwijd lijden. Tot op heden resulteerde koppelingsanalysen in familiale epilepsieën in de opheldering van meer dan 20 genen, die een rol spelen in het pathomechanisme van epilepsie.
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Epilepsy is a clinically and genetically heterogeneous disorder affecting ~50 million patients worldwide. So far, more than 20 genes have been implicated in epilepsy pathogenesis as a result of almost exclusively linkage studies on familial epilepsies. A significant fraction of the known "epilepsy genes" are dosage sensitive and therefore haploinsufficiency of these genes is the most likely underlying pathomechanism of several epilepsy syndromes. Furthermore, increasing evidence shows that the nature of the mutation in some of these genes, either loss-of-function or gain-of-function, determines the severity of the epileptic phenotype. Still, mutations in these genes explain only a minor portion of all genetic forms and progress in gene discovery has been slow in recent years. Thus, the molecular genetics of epilepsies remains a major challenge, where innovative approaches and unexplored strategies should be sought to speed up gene identification. We plan to further dissect the genetic etiology of epilepsies by applying "copy number variation (CNV)" analysis to identify de novo submicroscopic variations encompassing dosage sensitive genes on a cohort of patients with severe complex phenotypes and epilepsy as the core feature. Once de novo CNVs are identified, the next goal is the identification of the culprit gene within these CNVs. For this goal we will perform mutation analyses of the positional candidate genes in an extended collection of epilepsy patients, hopefully identifying other pathogenic mutations, thus providing the additional evidence for the causality of the culprit gene. Finally, identifying mutations in similar or milder epileptic phenotypes will enable us to get a better understanding of the genotype-phenotype spectrum associated with these genes, leading to improved diagnostics, genetic counseling and possibly therapy.
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Het evaluatieonderzoek dient het verschil in effectiviteit te meten en te exploreren tussen de verschillende behandelprogramma's gericht naar die patiënten die tezelfdertijd lijden aan een ernstige persisterende psychiatrische stoornis van psychotische aard en aan een middelengebonden stoornis.
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This study is a preliminary study for an overall evaluation study on treatment services for patients with dual disorders/diagnosis. Based on the existing scientific literature (guidelines, standards, protocols and study reviews) and our own experiences in national and international treatment programs, we will give an advice about the feasibility of an evaluation research in Belgium. After a thorough consideration of these research findings, we will then propose a research protocol. The evaluation research explores the effectiveness of different treatment programs for people with concurrent severe mental illness, in this case psychotic disorders, and substance use disorders. This means that we will extensively compare the standard care with the more intensive inpatient treatment programs, the so-called pilot treatment programs . Given their integrated treatment care and continuous care, we expect the pilot treatment programs to be superior to the standard care. This feasibility research comprises the following objectives: 1.A research on the feasibility of the evaluation research. A thorough investigation of official treatment guidelines and results of study reviews precedes our advice about the meaningful and practical feasibility of an evaluation research in Belgium. 2.Development of a research protocol. ·Conceptualisation of our target and control groups. ·Choice of independent and dependent variables. Each variable has to be described on the following levels: ·The individual patient. ·The socio-familial network. ·Social services. ·The treatment staff. ·Development of a specific methodology, for instance the definition of suitable instruments to measure the above mentioned variables. ·Proposition of a research procedure.
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We zullen geavanceerde genetische profileringsstrategiën toepassen zoals exoom sequentiebepaling en genpanels gericht op de subgroep van patiënten met jongdementie of 'early-onset' dementie (EOD). Omdat EOD patiënten lijden aan een ouderdomsziekte op relatief jonge leeftijd, vertonen zij een extreme vorm en als zodanig kan verwacht worden dat deze groep zwaarder genetische belast is.
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There is a current paucity of effective prophylactic treatments for neurodegenerative dementia disorders and as such they represent one of the major classes of widespread diseases with increasing mortality rates in the developed world. Drug development programs have faced numerous problems. The clinical and biological complexity of dementia has long been underestimated. Evidence increases that patients with the same clinical symptoms develop disease through different biological processes. This implicates that intervention trials should be directed towards subgroups of patients that share the same molecular signature of disease biology. The proposed PhD project aims to further elucidate the genetic etiology and molecular signatures of dementia through the identification of novel genes and genetic disease modifiers. A better understanding of the molecular complexity of dementia will improve classification of patients based on their molecular disease signatures rather than on clinico-pathological symptomatology, which is expected to drastically improve development of effective diagnostic tools, biomarkers and targeted therapies. We will apply advanced genetic profiling strategies for novel gene discovery, including whole exome and gene panel sequencing focusing on the subgroup of early-onset dementia (EOD) patients. Because EOD patients suffer from a disease of the aging brain at a relatively young age, they have an extreme presentation of the disease and as such are expected to have a strong genetic heritage. Study of this subgroup of dementia patients will therefore more likely lead to identification of novel genes and molecular pathways. The research will build on an impressive collection of >4000 patients ascertained within the European Early-Onset Dementia consortium. Making use of these powerful genomic approaches in selected patient cohorts with strong genetic heritage, we aim to identify novel key genes and proteins and enhance our knowledge of the molecular signatures of neurodegenerative dementia. These signatures will be instrumental in pinpointing diagnostic biomarkers and drug targets for therapy development, will allow more accurate stratification of patient cohorts for follow-up translational research and clinical trials, and ultimately offer better perspectives for patients and families affected by dementia.
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Haast 200 miljoen Europeanen lijden aan belemmerende voet- of enkelpijn die hun levenskwaliteit beinvloedt. Othesen, zoals inlegzolen, orthopedische schoenen en enkel/voet-orthesen, kunnen ondersteuning, correctie en pijnbestrijding bieden.
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FOOTWORK's innovation is to make the digital orthotics workflow robust and automated by employing statistical foot models as prior knowledge in every phase of the workflow. Measurement phase: Statistical foot models will increase the robustness of 3D scanning wrt. noise, motion, and occlusions and allowing the use of low-cost scanners to obtain 3D accurate patient-specific foot models. Analysis phase: Statistical foot models will objectify and automate the identification of foot type and pathology based on the patient's 3D foot shape and dynamic plantar pressure. Orthotic modeling phase: Statistical foot models will enable automated and consistent design of the orthotic based on the measurements, resulting in a faster and more reliable process. In addition to these technical innovations, the consortium will also target the development of an innovative online digital workflow support platform that can be used in multiple settings, e.g. retail, orthopedics, or academic research. These innovations target a more effective and efficient digital orthotics workflow by eliminating much of the operator interaction and subjective human factors. As a result, the application of a digital orthotics workflow on a large scale becomes very attractive. Such a digital process results in faster, more reliable, and more pleasant service for the customer. It is also more economical and ecological as it involves less logistics and less material waste, keeping production in Flanders feasible. Furthermore, the opportunity to separate patient measurement from further processing allows high-tech orthopedic expert centers in Flanders to efficiently serve an international market. In that way, a larger market can be addressed more efficiently.
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Frontotemporale kwabdegeneratie (FTLD) is een neurodegeneratieve hersenziekte met een prevalentie die in de leeftijdsgroep beneden de 65 jaar vergelijkbaar is met die van de ziekte Alzheimer. FTLD-patiënten lijden aan een progressieve degeneratie van gedrag, persoonlijkheid en taal met initieel een relatief goed behoud van geheugenfuncties.
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Frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) is a neurodegenerative brain disease with prevalence similar to that of Alzheimer's disease in the population below 65 years of age. FTLD patients suffer from progressive deterioration of behavior, personality and language with initial relative preservation of memory. In some patients FTLD is accompanied by signs of parkinsonism or motor neuron disease (MND). The clinical symptoms result from severe degeneration of the frontal and/or anterior temporal neocortex. Genetics play a substantial role in the etiology of the disease since family history is observed in about 40 to 50% of patients. To date, mutations are known in the genes encoding the microtubule-associated protein (MAPT), progranulin (PGRN), charged multivesicular body protein 2B (CHMP2B) and valosin-containing protein (VCP). Further, loci at chromosome 9q21-q22 and 9p13-21 are implicated in FTLD with motor-neuron disease (FTLD-MND). Across different studies, we performed mutation analyses of the FTLD genes in 49 Belgian familial FTLD patients and identified in total mutations in 17 patients (17/49=35%). These data implicate that 65% familial FTLD patients remained unexplained by mutations in these genes. We have collected DNA of relatives of one of the patients diagnosed with FTLD-MND with unknown mutation. In a genome-wide linkage scan, we identified a novel locus that has to our knowledge not been linked to FTLD or MND. In the proposed study, we will perform finemapping studies and mutation analyses of positional and functional candidate genes in the reduced linked region. Identification of this gene will have direct benefits for molecular diagnostics and, in follow-up studies of the functions and dysfunctions of this novel FTLD gene in cellular and animal models, will allow us to further contribute to the understanding of neurodegenerative disease mechanisms in FTLD.
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Onze interesse in het bouwen van modellen met SVMs heeft verschillende redenen. - Het is algemeen geweten dat SVMs hoog dimensionale data aankunnen zonder te lijden aan de "curse of dimensionality". - Het inpluggen van kernels laat toe niet-lineaire modellen op te stellen.
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In many real-life applications, information gathered from measurements is essential to ensure the quality of products and to enable control of a production process. These measurements are typically obtained from online hardware analysers (e.g. thermometers, flow meters, etc). However, there are many characteristics that cannot be obtained through online equipment and for which time-consuming and computationally expensive analysis is required. For this reason models are typically used to predict the results of such an analysis from the process variables. The analysis is then used as a confirmation of the model. Models are sometimes also used to predict online hardware analysers. Online analysers may fail due to corrosion or drift from their calibration point. In this project we address a number of issues related to the construction of models using Support Vector Machines. Our interest in building models using SVMs has several reasons. - It is well-known that SVMs can handle high-dimensional data without suffering from the curse of dimensionality. - The use of kernels enables nonlinear modelling. - SVMs can be made insensitive to noise and outliers. - Finally, the ability of SVMs to identify "unusual" data points makes it useful in detecting outliers and anomalies. The issues we aim to address in this project are the following. I. Feature selection and incorporation of prior knowledge It is the aim to investigate whether similar results can be obtained for Support Vector Regression and how well the technique applies to single-class problems. II. Adaptive model building Techniques that can handle the adaptivity of the inferential sensor at all levels, and especially when the mathematical model needs to be partially rebuilt, are still in their infancy and are the second topic of this research project.
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Maternaal metabole problemen spelen een belangrijke rol in de pathogenese van de subfertiliteit. Een hoge incidentie van vroeg embryonale sterfte wordt gerapporteerd bij vrouwen die lijden aan metabole stoornissen.
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Metabolic disorders have a profound effect on many aspects of reproduction. High rates of early embryonic loss are a major issue. Upon arrival in the uterus, the proportion of surviving embryos drops off rapidly, which points towards troubled first interactions between embryonic and endometrial tissues. Recent insights suggest that embryo energy metabolism can be involved, as nutrient-sensing pathways regulate differentiation, the latter being crucial to guarantee the first interplay between embryonic and endometrial cells. During the critical first week of development, the embryo has a remarkable metabolic plasticity that allows to grow and develop, even under suboptimal nutrient environments. At the blastocyst stage, this early metabolic adaptation may come at a cost, ultimately leading to pregnancy failure. Herein, we hypothesise that suboptimal metabolic conditions in the early environment of the embryo can impact on the differentiation signature of the resultant trophoblast cells. This might be 'sensed' by the endometrium. We also propose that a differentiated endometrium has the potency to reset and rebalance the embryonic metabolism. Embryo and endometrial 'go' or 'no-go' responses will be studied using bovine in vitro and in vivo set-ups. While embryo implantation varies among species, the initial events between trophoblast and endometrial cells are shared among mammals, which implies that crossspecies lessons can be learned from the cow.
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Het verband tussen ernstige OSA en cardiovasculair lijden werd overtuigend aangetoond door een zeer significante reductie van cardiovasculaire morbiditeit bij patienten met adequate nCPAP therapie in vergelijking met niet behandelde OSA patienten (2).
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Study of the vascular wall by means of functional imaging in patients with sleep apnea Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a disorder with a high prevalence, which is present in 5 to 10% of the general population, depending on its severity. Untill recently sleepiness during the daytime, fatigue and concentration problems are considered as the most important consequences of the disease. These symptoms are often present and disappear quickly after the start of adequate treatment with CPAP (1). The last decennium it has become clear that sleep apnea, which is characterized by repetitive oxygen desaturation, with inherent reoxygenation, is an important source of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation. More recently these changes have been associated with increasing vascular pathology. Indeed, sleep apnea is associated with hypertension and an increasing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The link between severe OSA and cardiovascular burden has been shown convincingly by a very significant reduction of cardiovascular morbidity in patients with adequate nCPAP therapy compared to untreated OSA patients (2). OSA can lead to cardiovascular pathology by an incrase in sympathetic tone, but probably also by complex inflammatory processes and oxidative stress at the vascular wall (3). Therefore it is extremely important to describe in a very sensitive and adequate manner the changes in the structure of the vascular wall in OSA patients. The structural changes in the larger vessels can only be detected by means of a threedimensional reconstruction. Moreover, it is of interest to calculate the vascular resistance. Only recently, an analysis method has become available which makes it able to calculate resistances in geometries, when boundary conditions like pressure and flow are known. This method is known as 'computational fluid dynamics' or CFD. There is already some experience with biomedical applications of CFD in both the cardiovascular (4) and respiratory field (5). In the current research project we will study patients with different degrees of sleep apnea, before and after adequate treatment, with focus on the structure of the vascular wall, using CFD. The treatments which will be considered are antioxidants and anti-inflammatory drugs compared to CPAP. Also the effect of combination therapies will be evaluated. References 1. McMahon, J. P., B. H. Foresman, and R. C. Chisholm. 2003. The influence of CPAP on the neurobehavioral performance of patients with