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  Dysgu  
Paratoi cyn mynd - dysgwch sut oedd mynd ati i baratoi ar gyfer y daith hir a thrafferthus o Gymru i America
Preparation - learn how the emigrants prepared for the long and difficult journey from Wales to America
  Siroedd Jackson a Galli...  
Yn ôl un stori, roedd y menywod wedi cael hen ddigon ar deithio erbyn hynny ac roedden nhw wedi gwrthod mynd gam ymhellach ond yn ôl stori arall, y Ffrancwyr fu'n bennaf cyfrifol am eu cymell i aros yn yr ardal.
The land of the Welsh was part of the township of Raccoon, in Gallia County, but the farm of Lewis Davies extended into the next county, and therefore he was the first Welshman to settle in Jackson County. Later on, western parts of Gallia were added to Jackson County thereby putting the families living there in the township of Madison.
  Y Fordaith  
(Anfonwyd y llythyr at Mr James Davies, Glanrhyd, Cribin [sic], Lampeter Post, Cardiganshire, S.W.) Ymddengys fod Daniel yn cyd-deithio gyda Chymro arall o'r enw John a chan fod cyfeiriad at blant ar ddiwedd y llythyr, gellir tybio eu bod wedi mynd i Lerpwl â'u teuluoedd gyda nhw.
A letter dated 12 May 1840 from Daniel Evans in Liverpool to his brother and sister. (The letter was sent to Mr James Davies, Glanrhyd, Cribin [sic], Lampeter Post, Cardiganshire, S.W.) It seems that Daniel was traveling in the company of another Welshman called John and as there is a reference to children at the end of the letter, we can assume that they had taken their families with them to Liverpool.
  Cymry Ohio: adysgrif o'...  
Er bod dros ddau gan mlynedd wedi mynd heibio ers i'r Cymry droedio tiroedd Ohio am y tro cyntaf, mae'r cysylltiadau rhwng yr henwlad a'r dalaith yn parhau hyd heddiw ac mae disgynyddion yr ymfudwyr cynnar yn ymdrechu o hyd i hybu a chynnal eu traddodiadau Cymraeg a gwneud yn siŵr bod hanes yr ymfudo ar gof a chadw.
Even though more than two hundred years have passed since the Welsh first set foot in Ohio the links between the old country and the state continue today and the descendants of the first settlers make every effort to promote and maintain their Welsh traditions and ensure that the history of the Welsh emigration is kept on record.
  Ymfudo: adysgrif stori ...  
Lle cyfyng iawn oedd hwnnw, heb fawr ddim goleuni nac awyr iach ac fel arfer fe fyddai'n orlawn o bobl a gwelyau pren cul ochr yn ochr â'i gilydd. Doedd dim preifatrwydd yno, dim lle iawn i wneud bwyd nac ymolchi na mynd i'r toilet ac yn ystod storm, pan fyddai'n rhaid cau'r hatshus, mae'n siwr bod yr aer yn afiach.
Very few could afford a cabin so most had to buy the cheapest tickets to travel in third class or steerage. The steerage was a very confined place, with hardly any light or fresh air and it would usually be full to the brim of people and narrow wooden beds side by side. Travellers had no privacy whatsoever, no proper place to make food or wash, or go to the bathroom and during a storm, when the hatches had to be battened down, the air would be foul. To make things worse, a great many of the travellers suffered from sea-sickness.
  Siroedd Jackson a Galli...  
Er bod bron i 190 o flynyddoedd wedi mynd heibio ers i John Jones Tirbach a'i fintai ymgartrefu yn ne ddwyrain Ohio, mae'r cysylltiadau rhwng Cymry a'r rhan hon o'r dalaith yn parhau i ffynnu a gwneir ymdrech o hyd i hybu a chynnal y diwylliant Cymreig a sicrhau bod hanes yr ymfudo o Gymry ar gof a chadw.
Even though 190 years have gone past since The "1818 Welsh" settled in southeast Ohio, the links between the Welsh and this part of the state continue to flourish and an effort is continually made to promote and keep the Welsh culture alive and to ensure that the history of the Welsh emigration is kept on record. In September 2006 for example, the 134th annual Gymanfa Ganu was held in Tyn Rhos Church!
  Ezekiel Hughes  
Cerddodd y criw i lawr o Lanbryn-mair i Gaerfyrddin yn gyntaf ond roedd y Press Gang yn y dref ar y bryd felly bu'n rhaid i'r dynion eu hosgoi a mynd yn eu blaenau i Fryste. Dilynodd y merched hwy yn ddiweddarach ac o'r diwedd dyma'r fintai'n llwyddo i hwylio ar y Maria ar 6 Awst 1795.
The journey began with the men walking from Llanbryn-mair to Carmarthen but as the Press Gang was in the town at the time, the crew had to avoid them and continue to Bristol. The women followed them later and at last the Welsh managed to sail on the Maria on 6 August 1795. After spending 13 weeks at sea, they reached their destination - for the time being - in Philadelphia harbor on Sunday, 25th October.
  Ymfudo: adysgrif stori ...  
Roedd llawer iawn o'r ymfudwyr yn ddiniwed a dibrofiad wrth geisio ffeindio'u ffordd felly roedden nhw'n cael eu twyllo'n aml yn y blynyddoedd cynnar ond yn ddiweddarach roedd 'na gymorth ar gael iddyn nhw yn Lerpwl gan swyddogion ymfudo. Yr un enwocaf oedd yn helpu'r Cymry oedd N M Jones, ond y 'Cymro Gwyllt' roedd pawb yn ei alw. Roedd ganddo bobl yn ei helpu ar hyd a lled y wlad i sicrhau tocynnau i ymfudwyr, darparu llety iddyn nhw, mynd â nhw i'r lanfa a gofalu eu bod nhw'n cael y llefydd gorau ar y llong.
A great many of the emigrants were naive and inexperienced in trying to find their way so they were often cheated in the early years, but later help was available for them in Liverpool from emigration officers. The most famous officer who used to help the Welsh was called N M Jones, but everyone called him y Cymro Gwyllt (the Wild Welshman). He had people helping him all over the country to secure tickets for the emigrants, provide lodging for them, take them to the quayside and make sure that they had the best places on the ship.
  Bywyd yng Nghymru: adys...  
Roedd y bedwaredd ganrif ar bymtheg hefyd yn gyfnod o newid mawr ym mywydau plant. Ar ddechrau'r cyfnod doedd plant pobl dlawd ddim yn mynd i'r ysgol, ac roedd disgwyl iddyn nhw ddechrau gweithio yn ifanc iawn i helpu cynnal y teulu.
The nineteenth century was also a period of great change in the lives of children. At the beginning of the period the children of poor families did not go to school, and they were expected to start working at an early age to help support the family. There are stories of seven-year-old children working in the coalmines in the industrial areas and helping with work on the farms in the rural areas. By the end of the period nearly every child in Wales received some form of elementary education, and more often than not this was through the medium of English.
  Bywyd yng Nghymru: adys...  
Does dim rhyfedd eu bod wedi dewis ymfudo i Ohio lle'r oedd ganddynt gyfle i fod yn berchen ar eu tir eu hunain, heb landlord na degwm, ac un o'r pethau cyntaf wnaeth nifer o'r Cymry wedi iddyn nhw gyrraedd Ohio oedd mynd ati i brynu tir.
It's not surprising that they chose to emigrate to Ohio where they had the opportunity to own their own land, without landlord or tithe, and one of the first things that many of them did after reaching Ohio, was to set about buying land.
  Project Cymru-Pennsylva...  
Yn dilyn llwyddiant Project Cymru-Ohio a'r ymateb brwdfrydig a dderbyniodd, y cam naturiol nesaf i'r Llyfrgell Genedlaethol yw mynd ati i geisio gwella'r ddarpariaeth a chreu adnodd mwy cynhwysfawr a fydd yn adlewyrchu pwysigrwydd cyfraniad y Cymry i'r Unol Daleithiau ac i dalaith Pennsylvania yn benodol.
The Wales-Pennsylvania Project aims to digitize and present on-line these materials relating to the Welsh settlers in Pennsylvania, in the same way that the Wales-Ohio Project did for Ohio. Following on from the success of the Wales-Ohio Project and the enthusiastic response it has received it is only natural that the Library now seeks to enhance that provision and build an even more comprehensive resource reflecting the importance of the contribution of the Welsh to the United States and to Pennsylvania in particular.
  NLW 14111D - Llythyrau ...  
"Y mae y Cymry yn mynd i gael Eisteddfod yn Lima dydd Calan, disgwylir amser da, gan fod 5 o gorau yn myned i gystadlu am y prif ddarn. Yna beth sydd iw glywed yma yn awr. Canu a paratoi am frwdr ..."
"The Welsh are going to have an Eisteddfod in Lima on New Year's Day, a good time should be had, as 5 choirs will be competing for the main piece. This is what is heard here these days. Singing and preparing for battle ..."
  Y Fordaith  
Gwerthwr tybaco yn Wrecsam oedd Hugh hyd nes iddo symud i Lerpwl ac erbyn 1852 roedd wedi mynd drosodd i Cincinnati. Yn un o'i lythyrau, mae'n disgrifio'r trafferthion ymfudo yn Lerpwl ym mis Ebrill 1847: y Cymry a ddaethai yno o Sir Feirionydd er mwyn croesi i America, yr anhawster cael digon o longau iddynt, y siomedigaethau a'r geiriau chwerw.
Hugh was a tobacco seller in Wrexham until he moved to Liverpool and by 1852 he had gone over to Cincinnati. In one of his letters, he describes the emigrating problems in Liverpool in April 1847: the Welsh people who had come there from Meirionethshire to cross over to America, the difficulty in finding enough ships for them, the disappointments and the bitter words.
  Cymry Ohio: adysgrif o'...  
Erbyn saithdegau'r ugeinfed ganrif roedd 'na gymaint o fynd ar hel achau fel y trowyd Capel Annibynwyr Oak Hill i mewn i amgueddfa treftadaeth Cymry America, y sefydliad cyntaf o'i fath yn y wlad. Erbyn hyn, mae trigolion Gomer a'r cyffiniau wedi mynd ati i wneud yr un peth ac wedi agor amgueddfa i ddiogelu treftadaeth Gymreig eu hardal hwythau.
By the 1970s family history research was so popular that the Oak Hill Congregational Church was converted into a Welsh-American Heritage Museum the first establishment of its kind in the United States. By now, the inhabitants of Gomer and the surrounding area have done the same and have also opened a museum dedicated to preserving the Welsh heritage of the area. The Welsh societies and clubs across the state organize gatherings to bring Welsh Americans together for tea, a Welsh picnic or a noson lawen, and of course to celebrate St David's Day on March 1st.
  NLW 14111D - Llythyrau ...  
Llythyr a anfonwyd o Lerpwl, ddiwrnod cyn mynd i'r môr, yw
(By permission of Liverpool Records Office)
  Y Fordaith  
cyngor ynglŷn â pharatoi am y daith - sut i drefnu llety a dewis llong ar ôl cyrraedd Lerpwl, faint fyddai costau teithio yn y cabin a'r "steerage", pa fwydydd i'w paratoi cyn mynd, sut i osgoi iselder, sut i ymddwyn yn gyffredinol ar y llong a beth i'w ddisgwyl yn Efrog Newydd.
advice on how to prepare for the journey - how to arrange accommodation and choose a ship after arriving in Liverpool, how much it would cost to sail in the cabin and steerage, which food to prepare before leaving, how to avoid feeling depressed, how to conduct oneself generally on the ship and what to expect in New York.
  Addysg  
Does dim disgwyl i bob disgybl fedru cyflawni pob ymarfer, a gellir dewis a dethol yn ôl y galw. Mae'r ymarferion yn mynd yn fwyfwy anodd o 1-4. Gellir hefyd argraffu'r ymarferion drwy glicio'r botwm argraffu sydd ar frig pob tudalen.
Note for teachers: These exercises are aimed at young people between 11-15. It is not expected that every pupil will be able to complete every exercise, and you can pick and choose as required. The exercises increase in difficulty from 1-4. You can also print out exercises by clicking on the button at the top right of every page.
  Yr American  
Mae Chidlaw yn mynd yn ei flaen i gynnig cynghorion hynod ddiddorol ynglŷn â pha fwydydd i'w paratoi cyn mynd, sut i osgoi iselder, sut i ymddwyn yn gyffredinol ar y llong a beth i'w ddisgwyl yn Efrog Newydd.
Turn to the middle of page 42 to see how this could be avoided and to see how much it would cost to travel in a cabin and in the steerage >>
  Yr American  
Mae Chidlaw yn mynd yn ei flaen i gynnig cynghorion hynod ddiddorol ynglŷn â pha fwydydd i'w paratoi cyn mynd, sut i osgoi iselder, sut i ymddwyn yn gyffredinol ar y llong a beth i'w ddisgwyl yn Efrog Newydd.
Turn to the middle of page 42 to see how this could be avoided and to see how much it would cost to travel in a cabin and in the steerage >>
  Dau ddarlun o Ohio  
Darllena'r ddwy ffynhonnell sy'n rhoi dau ddarlun gwahanol i ti o Ohio cyn mynd ati i ateb y cwestiynau:
Before answering the questions, read the two sources that give you two different pictures of Ohio:
  Dysgu  
Paratoi cyn mynd - dysgwch sut oedd mynd ati i baratoi ar gyfer y daith hir a thrafferthus o Gymru i America
Preparation - learn how the emigrants prepared for the long and difficult journey from Wales to America
  Ymfudo  
Clicia ar y bawdlun i agor copi mwy o'r poster. Astudia'r poster yn ofalus cyn mynd ati i ateb y cwestiynau canlynol:
Click on the thumbnail to open a larger copy of the poster. Study the poster carefully before answering the following questions:
  Cymry Ohio (Ymarfer 2)  
Pam fod Cymry Ohio wedi mynd ati i sefydlu canolfannau fel hyn?
Why have the Welsh in Ohio established centers like these?
  Bywyd bob dydd yn Ohio  
Mynd i'r farchnad yn Centerville i werthu wyau (Saesneg) >>
Going to market in Centerville to sell eggs (English) >>
  Sir Meigs, Ohio  
llythyr at John William, Rhymni, fod ei gŵr wedi mynd i California ac mewn
letter to John William, Rhymni, that her husband had gone to California and in
  Ymsefydlu  
Clicia ar y bawdlun i agor copi mwy o'r dudalen. Astudia'r dudalen yn ofalus cyn mynd ati i ateb y cwestiynau canlynol:
Click on the thumbnail to open a larger copy of the page. Study the page carefully before answering the following questions:
  Crefydd a diwylliant: A...  
Pam bod y Cymry wedi mynd ati i gynnal gwasanaethau drwy gyfrwng y Gymraeg yn Ohio?
Why did the Welsh settlers decide to hold services through the medium of Welsh in Ohio?
  Hanes y Cymry yn Ohio  
Darllen ffynonellau (a), (b), (c) (ch) ac (d) cyn mynd ati i ateb y cwestiynau:
2. How does Evan Davis explain in source (b) the way news got home to Wales?
  Dyddiaduron Lewis Humph...  
Mae'r dyddiadur yn mynd ymlaen i ddisgrifio taith nesaf Lewis Humphreys, 'Jorney (sic) to Montana', sy'n parhau i'r ail ddyddiadur. Ym mis Mawrth 1866 talodd $140 am le mewn caban ar fwrdd agerfad a oedd yn mynd i Fort Benton.
The diary continues with Lewis Humphreys's next expedition, entitled 'Our Jorney (sic) to Montana', which carries on into the next diary. In March 1866 he took a steamboat for Fort Benton, paying $140 for cabin passage. This diary is written in a more lyrical style and there are vivid descriptions of the scenery and the "picturesque scenes cut out of the mountainside" he sees as the boat makes its way down the Missouri River. He mentions seeing men digging for coal, meeting other boats navigating the same river, getting stuck on sand bars; he recounts the loss of a passenger who fell overboard; describes an Indian cemetery and the many groups of Indians they pass, with a social comment on the laziness of the Bucks, leaving the Squaws to do the work and the children "playing in the dirt and mud like so many turtles". He makes clear his distain at the unfair behaviour of the captain and the clerk towards their passengers and their bad conduct. There are comments on the villages they call at, the condition of the soil and pasture in places and the bare hills, and historical anecdotes on the various Forts along the way. The diary ends on 29th June but the journey itself ended on 1st July when 'Mrs Helena', as the passengers fondly named the boat, reached Fort Benton. Lewis didn't make it as far as Montana, travelling instead by stage to Helena and Virginia City where he mined for gold and in September 1869 he went to Lawrence, KS where he sent his gold to the US Mint and earned $6000.
  Dyddiaduron Lewis Humph...  
Mae'r dyddiadur yn mynd ymlaen i ddisgrifio taith nesaf Lewis Humphreys, 'Jorney (sic) to Montana', sy'n parhau i'r ail ddyddiadur. Ym mis Mawrth 1866 talodd $140 am le mewn caban ar fwrdd agerfad a oedd yn mynd i Fort Benton.
The diary continues with Lewis Humphreys's next expedition, entitled 'Our Jorney (sic) to Montana', which carries on into the next diary. In March 1866 he took a steamboat for Fort Benton, paying $140 for cabin passage. This diary is written in a more lyrical style and there are vivid descriptions of the scenery and the "picturesque scenes cut out of the mountainside" he sees as the boat makes its way down the Missouri River. He mentions seeing men digging for coal, meeting other boats navigating the same river, getting stuck on sand bars; he recounts the loss of a passenger who fell overboard; describes an Indian cemetery and the many groups of Indians they pass, with a social comment on the laziness of the Bucks, leaving the Squaws to do the work and the children "playing in the dirt and mud like so many turtles". He makes clear his distain at the unfair behaviour of the captain and the clerk towards their passengers and their bad conduct. There are comments on the villages they call at, the condition of the soil and pasture in places and the bare hills, and historical anecdotes on the various Forts along the way. The diary ends on 29th June but the journey itself ended on 1st July when 'Mrs Helena', as the passengers fondly named the boat, reached Fort Benton. Lewis didn't make it as far as Montana, travelling instead by stage to Helena and Virginia City where he mined for gold and in September 1869 he went to Lawrence, KS where he sent his gold to the US Mint and earned $6000.