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Le plus grave des combats entre factions sudistes a eu lieu en 1991, lors d’un différend entre Riek Machar, à l’époque un haut commandant de l’APLS, et le fondateur du mouvement, le feu John Garang de Mabior, a tourné à la violence. À Bor, la ville natale de Garang, plus de 2 000 civils Dinka furent tués par des combattants Nuer fidèles à Machar.
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South Sudan’s problematic transition has been exacerbated by a dominant class of competing military elites who have used their control over regular and irregular forces to utilize the political process as an avenue through which to gain personal wealth, influence, and power. They also exploit long-standing social tensions, which frequently results in political grievances exploding into deadly violence with pronounced ethnic undertones. The practice dates back to the civil war between Sudan and the Sudan People’s Liberation Army (SPLA), during which a complex web of tribally organized militias, many of them supported by Khartoum, held sway over extensive swaths of territory. The most serious factional fighting among Southerners occurred in 1991, when a dispute between Riek Machar, then a senior SPLA commander, and the movement’s founder, the late John Garang de Mabior, turned violent. Over 2,000 Dinka civilians in Garang’s home town of Bor, were allegedly killed by Nuer fighters loyal to Machar. In the aftermath, Machar’s followers broke away from the Sudan People’s Liberation Movement (SPLM), driving a deep wedge between Dinka and Nuer elites which persists to this day.
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