ovule – -Translation – Keybot Dictionary

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Un problème se pose. Comme l'a fait remarquer Leon Kass, le cytoplasme de l'ovule contient de l'ADN, appelé ADN mitochondrial, qui reste une protéine étrangère et qui présente le même risque de rejet du tissu.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine parl.gc.ca as primary domain	There's a problem. As Leon Kass has pointed out, there is DNA in the cytoplasm of the ovum, called mitochondrial DNA, which is still foreign protein and has the same chance of producing tissue rejection.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Par contre, nous voulons que les mesures législatives proposées soient modifiées de manière à prévoir qu'à l'avenir, au Canada, seuls les donneurs d'ovule, de sperme ou d'embryon qui consentiront à ce que l'on révèle leur identité à leurs descendants, lorsque ceux-ci auront atteint l'âge de la majorité ou seront mûrs—et là, on ne sait pas trop de quel âge il s'agit—seront acceptés comme donneurs.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine parl.gc.ca as primary domain	What we do want is that the legislation be altered so the only people who are accepted in the future for egg, sperm, or embryo donation in Canada are those who agree to be identifiable to their offspring when those offspring reach the age of majority, or maturity—it's a debatable point, what age that is.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Mme Suzanne Rozell Scorsone: Non, dès la conception, selon l'angle sous lequel on voit la chose, soit au moment de la pénétration du sperme ou celui de la syngamie, c'est-à-dire de la jonction des noyaux de sperme et de l'ovule, au moment où il y a eu reproduction des cellules et qu'il y a deux cellules.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine parl.gc.ca as primary domain	Dr. Suzanne Rozell Scorsone: No, it starts at conception, depending on how you cut it, either from the penetration of the sperm or from syngamy, from the joining of the nuclei of the sperm and the ovum, which is basically when replication has occurred and you have a two-cell stage. At any rate, anything that would be of any relevance to human cloning is covered here, as far as I can see.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Qui, par exemple, est la véritable mère? Est-ce la femme qui fournit l'ovule, ou est-ce la mère porteuse qui porte le foetus? Dans le droit israélien contemporain, par exemple, les deux, la mère porteuse et la mère qui fournit l'ovule, sont définies comme les mères.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine parl.gc.ca as primary domain	The issues within Jewish law with respect to surrogacy are many. First, there are a number of concerns regarding family status. Who, for example, is the real mother? Is it the woman who provides the ovum, or is it the surrogate who gives gestation to fetus? In contemporary Israeli law, for example, both the surrogate mother and the mother who provides the ovum both are listed as the mothers.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Nous recommandons dans cet article de remplacer l'interdiction de manipuler un ovule par l'interdiction de manipuler une cellule humaine, ce qui comprend le spermatozoïde et les ovules. Cette recommandation élargirait la portée du projet de loi.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine parl.gc.ca as primary domain	Our recommendation for the section on cloning is to replace the prohibition against manipulating an ovum with a prohibition against manipulating a human cell, including sperm and ovum. We believe this recommendation will give the bill a broader scope.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Les progrès technologiques actuels font en sorte que l'utilisation d'un ovule n'est plus requise pour pratiquer le clonage. Une seule cellule suffit. Donc, je remplace «manipuler un ovule» par «manipuler une cellule humaine».
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine parl.gc.ca as primary domain	As a result of current technological progress, the use of an ovum is no longer required to practice human cloning. A single cell is sufficient. Therefore, I'm replacing “manipulate an ovum” by “manipulate a human cell”. In any event, Bill C-47 has been amended under this clause to replace “manipulate an ovum” by “manipulate a human cell”.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Les progrès technologiques actuels font en sorte que l'utilisation d'un ovule n'est plus requise pour pratiquer le clonage. Une seule cellule suffit. Donc, je remplace «manipuler un ovule» par «manipuler une cellule humaine».
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine parl.gc.ca as primary domain	As a result of current technological progress, the use of an ovum is no longer required to practice human cloning. A single cell is sufficient. Therefore, I'm replacing “manipulate an ovum” by “manipulate a human cell”. In any event, Bill C-47 has been amended under this clause to replace “manipulate an ovum” by “manipulate a human cell”.

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Les effets à long terme des pesticides, en particulier sur le développement de l'ovule non fécondé de l'embryon femelle, demeurent inconnus. À l'heure actuelle, l'allaitement permet d'atténuer les risques d'exposition à des produits chimiques des nouveau-nés et des bébés.

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Long-term effects, especially on the development of ova of female children, caused by pesticide remains unknown. At present, breastfeeding is able to mitigate the postnatal risks of chemical exposure of newborns and infants. However, artificial feeding—that is, formula feeding—is unable to provide critical immunological protection from chemicals and in actual fact exacerbates the negative impacts of an infant's chemical exposure.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Qui sont les individus les plus sensibles? Ce ne sont pas nos enfants. C'est l'embryon, à partir du moment où le sperme féconde l'ovule jusqu'à ce que l'enfant naisse—pendant les 266 jours de gestation.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine parl.gc.ca as primary domain	I would like to emphasize what Clifford Lincoln said earlier. Who are the most sensitive individuals? They're not our children. It's the embryo, from the moment the sperm enters the egg until that individual is born—266 days in the womb.

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J'ai parlé à l'interprète, qui employait la méthode de Stanislavski. Je lui ai demandé si ça aurait fait une différence, s'il s'était agi de l'ovule d'une autre femme, avec le sperme. Elle y a réfléchi quelque temps et ensuite elle a dit que non, c'est l'expérience des neuf mois qui comptait.

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There's also the situation that my colleague Dr. Jeff Nisker, who teaches medical ethics at the University of Western Ontario, put into a play last year, A Child on Her Mind. In it the story is a true one. There's a Kosovo refugee. Her employer wants a traditional surrogacy—it isn't true that it isn't done in Canada, because this one was. The woman was told, if you don't do this for us, we'll see that you get sent back. She came from a war-torn country, her boyfriend had died, she was in an impossible situation. She felt that the insertion of the syringe—the play shows you this—was a violation of her body and her person. As the pregnancy went on—she was a method actor, and I actually talked with her—she found that she identified with this baby. I asked her whether, if it was just another woman's egg and her sperm, it would make any difference to her. She spent quite a while thinking about it. She said, no, because it's the nine months experience.

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Ce qu'il faut, c'est définir un acte clair, c'est-à-dire... On dit à la première ligne «manipuler un ovule, un zygote ou un embryon». Il faut ensuite définir la mens rea, dans ce cas-ci «en vue d'obtenir un zygote ou un embryon», etc.

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The third thing is with respect to proposed section 286.1. The question Dr. Carter is really raising is whether this is too vague to be either valid criminal legislation or able to be implemented. I would suggest to you that under normal rules of criminal statutory interpretation it certainly is not too vague. What you require is that a clear act is raised, which is.... The first line says “manipulate an ovum, zygote or embryo”; you require a defined mens rea, which is here: “for the purpose of producing a zygote or embryo”, etc. So it wouldn't cover your cell lines that have identical cells providing you didn't create those through manipulating an ovum, zygote, or embryo for this purpose. So it's very clear. I don't think there's a problem with vagueness in that.

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La maternité comprend à la fois une composante génétique, soit la femme qui a fourni l'ovule, et une composante gestationnelle, la femme qui est enceinte. Depuis le début de l'histoire de l'humanité jusqu'à il y a 20 ans, ces deux mères étaient évidemment la même personne.

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Motherhood has those genetic components—the person who provided the ovum—and also a gestational component—the woman who's pregnant. For all of human history until 20 years ago, these two mothers were always, undoubtedly, the same person. That's not true any more. Who's the real mother? If you take Mary's ovum and put it in Susan's body, whose name goes on the birth certificate? Right now, it depends. If Mary is an egg donor and Susan is an infertility patient, then Susan gets to be the mother. If Mary is the infertility patient, and Susan is hired as a contract surrogate mother, then Mary gets to be the mother.

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Par contre, à l'heure actuelle, la technique ne permet pas d'utiliser ce tissu pour induire une grossesse, de sorte que pour l'instant, il n'est pas possible d'induire une grossesse chez mon épouse à partir de son propre ovule.

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Mr. Alex Hunter: During my wife's second surgery, when she had her second ovary removed, a small amount of healthy tissue was saved. It has been frozen; however, no technique exists yet to use that ovum to get pregnant, so until there is a technique I don't think we can use our own ovum. It's possible that others can, but not us. We would like it if one day that happens, so we can have genetically “our own child”, but until that happens, the only option we have is donation from someone else.

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La maternité comprend à la fois une composante génétique, soit la femme qui a fourni l'ovule, et une composante gestationnelle, la femme qui est enceinte. Depuis le début de l'histoire de l'humanité jusqu'à il y a 20 ans, ces deux mères étaient évidemment la même personne.

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Motherhood has those genetic components—the person who provided the ovum—and also a gestational component—the woman who's pregnant. For all of human history until 20 years ago, these two mothers were always, undoubtedly, the same person. That's not true any more. Who's the real mother? If you take Mary's ovum and put it in Susan's body, whose name goes on the birth certificate? Right now, it depends. If Mary is an egg donor and Susan is an infertility patient, then Susan gets to be the mother. If Mary is the infertility patient, and Susan is hired as a contract surrogate mother, then Mary gets to be the mother.

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Dernièrement, j'ai demandé à notre garçon de sept ans s'il pourrait me raconter son histoire. Il a déclaré: «Le sperme de mon père ne pouvait pas faire de bébé avec l'ovule de ma mère, alors nous avons utilisé le sperme d'un autre homme qui voulait nous aider».

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Recently I asked our seven-year-old if he could tell me his story. He said, “My Dad's sperm couldn't make a baby with my mom's egg, so we used the sperm from another man who wanted to help us.” I asked him what he called the other man, and he replied, “A friend.” I said, “A friend? Why would you call him that?” He replied, “Because he helped us, and that's what friends do.” I told him that because we didn't know him and never would, we couldn't really call him a friend, and that was why we called him a donor. Then I asked him if it was okay to call him that. He said, “I know that we don't know him, but if someone was in a building, that building was burning, and someone from another floor came down and helped him, he would still be a friend, even if he didn't know him and even if he never saw him again, because he helped him. That's what friends do, they help people.”

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Ce qu'il faut, c'est définir un acte clair, c'est-à-dire... On dit à la première ligne «manipuler un ovule, un zygote ou un embryon». Il faut ensuite définir la mens rea, dans ce cas-ci «en vue d'obtenir un zygote ou un embryon», etc.

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The third thing is with respect to proposed section 286.1. The question Dr. Carter is really raising is whether this is too vague to be either valid criminal legislation or able to be implemented. I would suggest to you that under normal rules of criminal statutory interpretation it certainly is not too vague. What you require is that a clear act is raised, which is.... The first line says “manipulate an ovum, zygote or embryo”; you require a defined mens rea, which is here: “for the purpose of producing a zygote or embryo”, etc. So it wouldn't cover your cell lines that have identical cells providing you didn't create those through manipulating an ovum, zygote, or embryo for this purpose. So it's very clear. I don't think there's a problem with vagueness in that.

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Je veux regarder avec vous la constitution d'un registre, pour que ce soit très clair. Supposons que je me présente à une clinique de fertilité et que je fais don d'un gamète, soit ovule, soit spermatozoïde.

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I'd like to look at how to make up a register, just for it to be very clear. Say I show up at a fertility clinic and I donate a gamete, either an egg or sperm. I'll have to sign a form that will contain information of a medical nature which eventually must be given to the future child. This information will be updated in a register but it will be confidential. We agree on that. In other words, it will be divulged to no one other than the child.

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Je pense que les chercheurs devront être très prudents et très conscients que s'ils appliquent une procédure visant à produire un bébé, mais en utilisant une nouvelle technologie faisant peut-être appel à la congélation ou à la maturation de l'ovule in vitro, il y a toujours la possibilité que, premièrement, leur comité de déontologie de l'hôpital leur dise «Vous enfreignez la loi», ou bien qu'ils s'exposent à des poursuites au criminel pour avoir appliqué une procédure qui, bien qu'elle vise à produire un bébé, mettait en cause de la recherche au sens strict.

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Now, what is the boundary between doing embryo research and creating research embryos and doing a clinical trial to produce a baby? I think researchers are going to be very cautious and very aware that if they're carrying out a procedure, one aimed at producing a baby but using a new technology—perhaps involving freezing or egg maturation or ripening in vitro—there is the possibility that, first of all, their hospital ethics committee will say, “You're contravening the act”, or there will be criminal repercussions from carrying out a procedure that, although intended to produce a baby, actually was involving research in a strict sense. Because when you do something new, you are collecting eggs, and need to observe fertilization, to to check that the embryo has undergone appropriate divisions, reached the right stage, before transferring it to the woman. You wouldn't do it otherwise. So that, in my mind, constitutes research. I think the committee has to be aware of this very grey area that we're working within.

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Par exemple, on sait qu'il existe de graves troubles humains causés par des anomalies des gènes qui sont dans les mitochondries, qui ne sont pas dans le génome nucléaire. Il est possible qu'un ovule fertilisé, un zygote, ne puisse en fait s'implanter et se développer parce qu'il y a des anomalies dans les mitochondries et le cytoplasme.

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Dr. Patricia Baird: This illustrates how complex this area is and how very dangerous it is to do legal wording for things. For example, there are now known to be some serious human disorders due to defects in the genes that are in the mitochondria, which are not in the nuclear genome. It's possible that a fertilized ovum, a zygote, may not in fact implant and grow because there are defects in the mitochondria and the cytoplasm. There is some theoretical and research evidence that if that cytoplasm were supplemented with additional cytoplasm from a normal cell, it would enable that zygote to grow. So I see no need to tamper with nuclear genes, but there may be a place for supplementation of mitochondrial genes in some instances.