peut avoir un effet – -Translation – Keybot Dictionary

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  Soil Oxygenation Effect...  
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L’appauvrissement du sol en oxygène (hypoxie) réduit la respiration, l’assimilation des minéraux et le mouvement de l’eau dans les racines, de sorte qu’il peut avoir un effet défavorable sur la croissance et la productivité des plantes.
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Soil oxygen deficiency (hypoxia) reduces respiration, mineral uptake and water movement in roots, and may thus have a negative impact on plant growth and productivity. The supply of air or oxygen to the rhizosphere usually improves crop performance under anoxic/hypoxic soil conditions. However, little is known about the effect of O2 enrichment of the irrigation water or soil on organic greenhouse crops. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of soil oxygenation on soil biological activity, plant growth and development, yield and fruit quality. Seedlings of Lycopersicon esculentum (‘Macarena’ grafted on ‘Beaufort’) were transplanted into a loamy soil and grown in a greenhouse from February to October (oxygenated vs. control plots; four complete blocks). In 2008, O2 enrichment was provided by the irrigation water using pure O2 gas and venturi injectors (mean water O2 ~16 ppm), whereas in 2009 pure O2 was released from a network of small perforated (0.5 mm diameter holes) tubes installed at 25-cm depth into the soil (mean soil O2 ~25%). Soil surface CO2 flux was measured three times/year to determine biological activity. Growth parameters, yield and fruit quality were measured weekly. Soil and leaf mineral content were determined monthly. There was no difference in marketable yield between O2-enriched and control plots in 2008 but increased production (~2 kg m-2, P=0.108) under soil O2 enrichment in 2009. Soil CO2 fluxes were also higher in O2-enriched plots but on three sampling dates only. In general, no significant differences were observed in plant growth parameters or fruit quality. Leaf Mg and Fe levels and several soil nutrients (NO3, NH4, P and K) were significantly higher in O2-enriched plots. Long-term effects of soil O2 enrichment should be examined in different types of organically cultivated soils to conclude on any significant beneficial effect on soil biological activity and crop productivity.
  Breed effect on carcass...  
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Dans certaines régions, la viande chevaline peut être consommée à la place du bœuf, et de récentes études ont révélé qu’elle peut avoir un effet favorable au point de vue nutritionnel. Or, les facteurs qui influent sur les caractéristiques de la carcasse et sur la qualité de la viande n’ont pas été très étudiés.
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In some areas, horsemeat may be considered as an alternative to beef. And recent studies have shown that it may be positive from a nutritional point of view. However, little research has been done on the effects that influence horse carcass traits and meat quality. Breed effect has been studied by comparing two Spanish local breeds (Burguete and Hispano-Bretón) reared following the same traditional production system (24 months old). Some differences between breeds were observed for carcass quality measurements and colour parameters. Proximate composition was generally not affected by breed. Burguete foals had lower SFA and MUFA and higher PUFA than Hispano-Bretón ones. PUFA/SFA ratio from both breeds was higher than 0.4 and CLA levels were similar to those found in ruminants.
  Antioxidants and dairy ...  
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Les vaches fortes laitières sont sujettes au stress oxydatif, état que peuvent exacerber certaines conditions environnementales, physiologiques et nutritionnelles. Or, les antioxydants ont des effets importants sur l’expression de gènes qui influent sur l’état antioxydant, ce qui peut avoir un effet favorable sur la santé et la reproduction de l’animal.
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This manuscript reports on the main problems decreasing productivity of dairy cows (e.g. fatty liver syndrome and poor fertility) and how antioxidants could enhance it. High producing dairy cows are prone to oxidative stress, and the situation can be exacerbated under certain environmental, physiological, and dietary conditions. Antioxidants have important effects on the expression of genes involved in the antioxidant status, which may enhance animal health and reproduction. Moreover, antioxidants may contribute to decrease the incidence of spontaneous oxidized flavour in milk enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acids. Plant lignans are strong antioxidants and flax is the richest source of plant lignans. Flax lignans are converted in the mammalian lignans enterolactone and enterodiol. The main mammalian lignan in milk is enterolactone and flax lignans are converted in enterolactone mainly under the action of ruminal microbiota. Therefore, ruminal microbiota may be the most important flora to target for plant lignan metabolism in order to increase concentration of mammalian lignan antioxidants in milk of dairy cows. However, more research is required to improve our knowledge on metabolism of other antioxidants in dairy cows and how they can contribute in decreasing milk oxidation.
  Assessment of the effec...  
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Après avoir été chauffé puis refroidi, le mélange contenant 11 % de gluten + 2 % d’IPS riches en sous-unités A1 et A2 a formé un gel thermodurcissable cohérent, ce qui semble indiquer que la présence de résidus de cystéine dans les protéines de soja peut avoir un effet sur la formation des gels.
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Although soy proteins are known to have a deleterious effect on gluten thermosetting gelation, the causes are still poorly understood. Different sources of soy protein isolates (SPI) were used to investigate the interactions between gluten and soy proteins during hydro-thermal treatments. Commercial SPI and isolates prepared from soybean lines with different subunit composition were used to study the influence of protein denaturation and subunit composition on thermoset gel formation. Rapid Visco Analyser analysis showed that replacement of gluten with more than 1% SPI decreased the peak viscosity and interfered with formation of thermoset gels. However, peak viscosity was higher for 11% gluten + 2% SPI than for 11% gluten alone, suggesting a cooperative effect. After heating and cooling, 11% gluten + 2% SPI rich in A1 and A2 subunits formed a coherent thermoset gel suggesting that the cysteine residue content of soy proteins can affect gel formation.
  Concentration of cadmiu...  
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La fertilisation peut avoir un effet sur la concentration de cadmium (Cd) dans le blé dur (Triticum durum L.). Une étude au champ de trois ans a été menée dans deux localités du sud ouest du Manitoba, au Canada, afin de déterminer les effets de la source de N, du moment où l’engrais est appliqué et de la manière dont il est appliqué sur la concentration de Cd dans le grain de blé dur cultivé sous régime de travail réduit du sol (RT) ou de travail classique du sol (CT).
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Cadmium concentration in durum (Triticum durum L.) grain may be influenced by fertilizer management. A three year field study was conducted at two locations in south western Manitoba, Canada, to determine the effect of source, timing and placement of N fertilizer on grain Cd concentration of durum wheat under reduced-tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT) management. There was a significant year-to-year variation in grain yield and grain Cd concentration, indicating a strong effect of environment on phytoavailability of Cd. Soil type also had a dominating effect on Cd in durum grain. Grain Cd concentration and accumulation were always lower at the Newdale clay loam (CL) location than the Stockton fine sandy loam (FSL) location. Compared to CT, RT management decreased grain Cd concentration and accumulation. Application of N fertilizer significantly increased grain Cd concentration and decreased grain Zn concentration. The increase in grain Cd could be due to the increasing Cd concentration in soil solution, the improved crop growth, or a competitive interaction between Cd and Zn for binding sites in the soil system and for uptake sites in the roots, following the application of N fertilizer. Time, source and placement of N fertilization showed inconsistent effect on grain yield and grain Cd concentration. The effects when observed were minor compared to effects of year and soil type on grain Cd concentration. Application of anhydrous ammonia (NH3) generally resulted in higher Cd concentration in durum grain than application of same level of other N sources including urea ammonium nitrate (UAN), urea and ammonium nitrate (AN), probably due to greater N efficiency from the NH3 as compared to the other sources. Where differences due to placement occurred, banded application of fertilizers generally resulted in higher Cd concentration in durum grain than did dual-banded placement, indicating a higher fertilizer availability. Soil type, year and N fertilization greatly affected concentration of Cd in durum grain. Selection of a suitable source, timing and placement combination of N fertilization is important in optimizing crop yield and minimizing grain Cd concentration.
  États financiers prospe...  
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La conjoncture économique, qui peut avoir un effet à la fois sur le montant du revenu gagné et la recouvrabilité des prêts à recevoir.
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Interest rates in effect at the time of issue will affect the net present value of non-interest bearing loans.
  Carbon mineralization a...  
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Objet Comme la qualité du substrat peut avoir un effet sur le profil de minéralisation du C dans les sols, il est important de choisir correctement le compost à utiliser pour accroître la teneur en carbone organique du sol (COS).
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Purpose Since substrate quality can influence the C mineralization pattern of compost in soils, proper selection of compost is important in increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) levels. This study investigated the effect of substrate quality of livestock manure composts on compost C mineralization and retention in soils. Materials and methods A laboratory incubation experiment using four livestock manure composts (with different degrees of stability and other substrate qualities) and three soils (Inceptisol, Ultisol, and Andisol) was conducted for 100 days. Emission of CO2 from the compost-amended soils was periodically measured and cumulative CO2 emission was calculated as the percentage of total organic C (TOC) of applied compost (%C cum). The %C cum patterns were fitted with a double exponential first-order kinetics model to obtain the mineralizable C pool size and potentially retainable C in the soils. Results and discussion The compost stability degree (SD) ranged from 31.4 to 61.5%, indicating a wide range of recalcitrance to microbial decomposition in the four composts used in our study. Among other compost quality indices, the K2SO4 extractable organic C concentration and molar ratio of NH4+/NO3- decreased with increasing SD values. The %C cum ranged from 1.6 to 11.4% and decreased as SD increased, suggesting that compost C mineralization in soils can be predicted using SD. The pool size (rapid pool+slow pool) of mineralizable organic C estimated using a first-order kinetic model ranged from 1.7 to 28.5% and tended to decrease with increasing SD. Among the three soils, Andisol showed relatively low %C cum and mineralizable C pool size due to its inherent SOC protection mechanism via Al–organic matter complex. Conclusions Our results suggest that application of compost with high SD and low extractable organic C would be more efficient in increasing SOC level due to a higher retention of compost C in the soils. The different patterns of C mineralization and retention among the three soils also suggest that not only compost quality but also soil characteristics should be considered when estimating CO2 emission from compost-amended soils.
  Améliorer l'efficacité ...  
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Le CA-1 appliqué à un taux de 0,05 % (P/P) dans le sol autour des carottes au moment de la taille des feuilles a limité les dommages causés par le ver fil de fer à la portion inférieure de la carotte; par contre, des blessures aux épaules de la carotte indiquent que le produit peut avoir un effet néfaste sur la plante elle-même.
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), especially when applied at the time of planting and at rates higher than 0.025% CA-1/soil (w/w). CA-1 does not appear to be an effective wireworm control option in potato. Results from the carrot field trials suggest CA-1 has the potential to repel wireworms in carrot. CA-1 applied at a rate of 0.05% (w/w) to soil around carrots at the time of foliage trimming restricted wireworm damage to the bottom portion of the carrot; however, injury to the carrot shoulders indicate the product can be damaging to the plant itself. Nematode infestation of the carrot trial sites was severe and no clear nematode controlling effect was noted.