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  Biographie – HASSALL, T...  

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Il accompagna les explorateurs jusqu’au lac Athabasca, où Back signala que, « puisqu’il n’était pas habitué à parler sa langue maternelle, il n’était pas tout à fait apte à conduire un groupe pour la première fois parmi les Indiens ».

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Two years later he was engaged as interpreter for the Arctic expedition of Commander George Back*. Hassall travelled with the expedition as far as Lake Athabasca, where Back reported that “being unaccustomed to speak his native tongue, he was not altogether adapted for the first introduction of a party amongst the Indians.” Hassall remained at Fort Resolution (N.W.T.) and Fort Reliance and rejoined the expedition in the spring of 1834 for its return to Norway House (Man.).

  Biographie – DAVIES, si...  

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Dès son premier discours aux Communes – prononcé à peine ses malles défaites –, il se signala par sa détermination à s’en prendre à n’importe quel député des premiers bancs du gouvernement conservateur.

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In 1882, when public hostility to him had receded, Davies was elected to the House of Commons for Queens, which he would represent until 1896, when he was returned for Queens West. Beginning with his maiden speech in the house, delivered almost before he had unpacked, he established a reputation for his willingness to take on any of the Conservative government’s front-benchers. He also advanced in the inner circles of his party. He faithfully supported Edward Blake*, and after Wilfrid Laurier* became leader in 1887, he emerged as Laurier’s Maritimes lieutenant and a trusted strategy adviser, particularly on the Manitoba school question, where he felt his Island experience gave him special competence. Elected president of the Maritime Provinces Liberal Association in 1893, he was responsible for organizing the region for the 1896 election, which brought the Liberals to power.

  Biographie – McCARTHY, ...  

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Cependant, après avoir parcouru l’ouest de l’Ontario au début de 1894, l’organisateur de la ligue, William G. Fee, signala que le programme avait été diffusé dans plusieurs circonscriptions et que l’avenir s’annonçait fort bien.

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McCarthy vowed to take an independent stand on the cross-benches, where his actions in the 1893 session were at odds with the government on the two most important issues before the house, schools and tariff reform. By the end of the session that spring, encouraged by widespread support, McCarthy had founded the Equal Rights League, a third party based upon his familiar themes. Its planks supported tariff reform and opposed any coercion of the provinces in matters of language or education. They constituted the McCarthyite defence against French Canadian encroachments on the true nationalization of Canada and expressly denied that confederation promised French-speaking and English-speaking Canadians an equal share in the new western domain.

  Biographie – ELLIOT, RO...  

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Elliot exerça de l’influence au Bureau de commerce jusqu’à ce que la maladie qui devait l’emporter, probablement une affection cardiaque, l’empêche de participer aux réunions. Il se signala aussi par l’insistance avec laquelle il réclama du gouvernement la formation d’une commission ferroviaire.

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Elliot further demonstrated public-spiritedness and broad horizons as the first president of the Canadian Manufacturers’ Association, member of the Toronto Harbour Trust, director for some years of the Toronto Industrial Exhibition, and president of the Toronto Rowing Club and of the St George’s Society. He also belonged to the National Club, a large, continuing luncheon club that was a bastion of the new Liberals (Reform party), whom he supported. “A strong believer in mutual fire insurance,” Elliot served among the officers of the Fire Insurance Exchange Corporation. He and his family were active members of Jarvis Street Baptist Church, referred to in a contemporary guide as “the chief Baptist basilica” in Toronto.

  Biographie – JACKSON, J...  

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Au cours de sa dernière année à Long Point, Jackson signala que 102 fidèles s’étaient ajoutés aux 404 membres que sa communauté comptait en 1819, et, à Westminster, le nombre d’adhérents passa de 356 à 475.

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Jackson was popular among the church’s followers. John Saltkill Carroll*, a colleague, said that he “was certainly one of the most attractive preachers of that day,” an assessment reflected in the success he enjoyed. During his last year at Long Point he reported an increase of 102 members from the 404 recorded in 1819, and at Westminster membership grew from 356 to 475. It was at this time, however, that conflict arose between Jackson and the church’s leaders, including William Case, and a major part of the 1822 session of the Genesee Conference was spent debating his status. A motion to expel him was reduced to a temporary suspension of his ministry and a reproof from the presiding bishop. Despite the questions raised about his temperament and style of ministry he was ordained a preacher in 1824 and reassigned to the Westminster circuit the following year.

  Biographie – DUVAL, EDM...  

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En tant que directeur de cette école modèle, qui fut pendant presque 20 ans le seul établissement de formation des maîtres après l’incendie de la Fredericton Normal School en 1850, et aussi en tant qu’inspecteur des écoles à partir de 1858, Duval signala sans cesse ce problème de salaire dans ses rapports officiels.

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Duval’s efforts to raise the standards of life were not limited to formal education. As a young man he is said to have worked for the benefit of the Jews of East London. He was an active Christian, gaining a licence to preach from the Germain Street Baptist Church of Saint John in 1870. In the last years of his life he worked hard to improve the deplorable lot of the Negroes in Saint John, not through missionary zeal, as might have been expected, but by trying to induce the spirit and practice of self-help.

  Biographie – LANGMAN, E...  

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Il semble que certains griefs des marchands étaient fondés, car le successeur de Langman, Walter Price, trouva la mission mal tenue ; il signala que les morts n’avaient pas été ensevelis et qu’il n’y avait pas de vases sacrés pour l’administration des sacrements.

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By 1781 the new Anglican church in St John’s, whose construction Langman had initiated in 1758, possessed a large porch, a tower for five bells, and a handsome clock, the gift of Governor Richard Edwards. Langman, however, was in ill health: years of missionary work and cold weather had left him stricken with gout. Moreover, in 1784 several merchants again complained about his behaviour, and this, together with Langman’s letters about his gout, led to his dismissal in January 1784. Some of the merchants’ complaints seem to have been justified, since Walter Price, Langman’s successor, reported finding the mission neglected, with the dead unburied and no plate for the sacrament. Langman died in St John’s shortly after his dismissal.

  Biographie – EVANS, THO...  

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Evans rejoignit le 8e régiment au début de 1798 et se signala tout particulièrement à l’attention de ses supérieurs par sa conduite comme lieutenant et comme adjudant au cours de la campagne d’Égypte en 1801.

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Evans rejoined the 8th Regiment early in 1798 and won special recognition for his services as lieutenant and adjutant during the Egyptian campaign of 1801. On 19 Nov. 1803, while serving at Gibraltar, he purchased his captaincy – an advancement influenced by the patronage of the Duke of Kent [Edward Augustus*] and Evans’ commanding officer, Colonel Gordon Drummond*. Shortly after Drummond’s promotion to major-general on 1 Jan. 1805, Evans was seconded to his staff as aide-de-camp. He served the first half of 1808 with the 8th, but by August he was in Quebec, again seconded to Drummond, now second in command in British North America. Evans was later military secretary to Drummond until the general’s recall in the summer of 1811. At that time Captain Evans was posted to Upper Canada as brigade-major to Major-General Isaac Brock*.

  Biographie – WELLS, EMM...  

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Dans sa nécrologie, le Morning Chronicle de Halifax signala qu’elle « croyait fermement en l’Israël britannique et étudiait les écrits prophétiques », mais ne parla nullement de sa production littéraire.

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Dickson reputedly wrote children’s stories as well as adult fare, but she seems to have disappeared from literary view in the late 1890s. Active in St Paul’s Church in Halifax and in charitable pursuits until she became an invalid towards the end of her life, she died in 1926, three years after her husband. Her obituary in the Halifax Morning Chronicle described her as “a firm believer in British Israel, and a student of the prophetic writings,” but made no mention of her literary output. Yet the lively dialogue, humorous play, and intelligence of her heroine in Miss Dexie all reflect her considerable adeptness at writing popular fiction.

  Biographie – FITZGERALD...  

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Francis Joseph Fitzgerald, signala-t-on avec raison, avait commis plusieurs fautes : il avait été trop confiant, n’avait pas engagé un guide autochtone, avait réduit les rations et n’avait pas rebroussé chemin dès qu’il avait vu que Carter ne trouvait pas la piste.

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Fitzgerald was rightly criticized for overconfidence, failing to take a native guide, reducing rations, and not turning back sooner when Carter was unable to find the trail. Time, however, has blurred these failings of the Lost Patrol, as it became known, and Fitzgerald and his men are largely remembered for their heroic struggle to survive. Following the tragedy, Commissioner Perry issued instructions for emergency caches of food to be left along the route from Dawson to Fort McPherson, and for all patrols by the police over routes unknown to them to be accompanied by experienced guides.

  Biographie – DAVIES, si...  

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Il fut reçu au barreau en Angleterre en 1866 et, après un séjour au cabinet juridique de Thomas Chitty à Londres, admis l’année suivante au barreau de l’île. Cet homme de belle apparence, à la pensée structurée, se signala bientôt par ses dons d’orateur et son adresse remarquable au cricket.

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Of Huguenot background, Louis Davies’s paternal grandfather was born in Wales and came to the Island about 1812. Louis was educated at Charlottetown’s Central Academy and Prince of Wales College, and he subsequently read law at the Inner Temple in London. He was called to the bar in England in 1866 and, after a stint in the London law office of Thomas Chitty, on the Island a year later. Handsome and articulate, he quickly established a reputation as an orator and a first-rate cricket player. It was rumoured that his father, as the Island’s colonial secretary in 1869, invited his son to become solicitor general. In any event, young Davies did serve in that capacity in 1870 and 1872.

  Biographie – COCHRAN, W...  

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Mais lors d’une réunion du conseil d’administration, le 12 octobre 1789, Inglis signala que l’archevêque n’avait pas trouvé les personnes en question ; le conseil décida donc d’offrir la direction à Cochran.

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In 1821 Cochran, on the advice of physicians, travelled to the United States “in the hopes of removing a serious complaint in his chest.” The following year, though “far from well,” he returned to Nova Scotia and resumed his duties as professor and clergyman. That age was beginning to take its toll was evident in his reports to the SPG, which became more sporadic and less detailed. In October 1831 he resigned his appointments in the college. He died in Windsor on 4 Aug. 1833 and was buried in the Old Parish Burying Ground. One of his sons, James Cuppaidge*, was a prominent Anglican clergyman in Nova Scotia. Another, Andrew William*, served as civil secretary to three governors of Lower Canada – Sir George Prevost*, Sir John Coape Sherbrooke, and Lord Dalhousie – and also sat on the Executive Council of that province.

  Biographie – OUTRAM, si...  

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Son grand-père paternel, le lieutenant-général James Outram, avait reçu un titre de baronet pour conduite exceptionnelle pendant la révolte des cipayes. Son père se signala aussi dans l’armée. Dans sa carrière de ministre du culte, James manifesta son dynamisme.

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Public distinction marked the family legacy that James Outram inherited. His paternal grandfather, Lieutenant-General James Outram, was created a baronet for outstanding service in the Indian Mutiny, and his father also distinguished himself in the military. Outram’s clerical career reveals the extent of his own drive. A graduate of Pembroke College, Cambridge (ba 1888, ma 1893), he was ordained deacon in 1889 and priest in 1890. He was curate of Holy Trinity Church in Hampstead (London) and then of Thorpe in Norfolk; from 1896 he was vicar of St Peter’s, Ipswich. In 1900 he suffered a mental breakdown from overwork.

  Biographie – CRISAFY, A...  

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Antoine se signala particulièrement en 1692 lorsque le gouverneur de Callière lui confia le commandement des troupes de Sault-Saint-Louis. Il réussit par ruse à déjouer les tentatives de 800 Iroquois qui avaient formé le projet de détruire la colonie française.

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Antoine distinguished himself particularly in 1692, when Governor Callière entrusted him with the command of the troops at Sault-Saint-Louis. By using guile he succeeded in thwarting the attempts of 800 Iroquois who had made plans to destroy the French colony. After this exploit Callière’s friendship for Crisafy never faltered. In 1696, at the time of Buade* de Frontenac’s expedition against the Iroquois, Crisafy, with Captain Raymond Blaise Des Bergères, was made responsible for guarding the recently constructed fort of Onondaga, where the boats, supplies, and ammunition required for the expedition were located.

  Biographie – HUGUES, KA...  

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Elle ravala donc sa colère et son amertume et se mit en route pour l'Australie. En février 1921, le journal catholique de Melbourne, l'Advocate, signala sa présence. Dans les mois suivants, comme elle l'avait fait au Canada, elle prit contact avec des militants locaux, réunit des groupes irlandais disparates et lança en Australie et en Nouvelle-Zélande des ligues pour l'autodétermination.

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Bitter and angry, and firmly convinced that she was being punished by the establishment, as personified by R. B. Van Horne, for her advocacy of Irish independence, but lacking resources to mount a legal challenge, Hughes headed to Australia. In February 1921 the Melbourne Catholic paper, the Advocate, reported her presence. In the following months Hughes, using the Canadian model, made contact with local activists, united disparate Irish groups, and successfully launched self-determination leagues in Australia and New Zealand.

  Biographie – NORTON, JO...  

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Sheaffe signala dans ses dépêches « la judicieuse position qu’avaient prise Norton et les Indiens qui l’accompagnaient ». Le 20 octobre, une semaine après la bataille, Sheaffe honora Norton en lui décernant le « grade de capitaine des Indiens confédérés », celui-là même que Joseph Brant avait eu pendant la Révolution américaine.

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Sheaffe mentioned in his dispatches “the judicious position which Norton and the Indians with him had taken.” One week after the battle, on 20 October, Sheaffe honoured Norton by appointing him “to the Rank of Captain of the Confederate Indians” – the same rank that Joseph Brant had held during the American revolution. Sir George Prevost*, governor-in-chief of British North America, congratulated Norton upon his courage and perseverance, with advice “to keep up and increase the numbers of a description of Force so truly formidable to their Enemies and so capable of sustaining the good cause in which we are engaged.”

  Biographie – OSLER, sir...  

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À McGill, il manifesta de grandes aptitudes intellectuelles. Non seulement se classa-t-il premier à l’examen final, mais, signe annonciateur de ses réalisations futures, il reçut un prix spécial pour sa thèse, dont on signala l’originalité.

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In Bovell and Howard, Osler had the good fortune to have advisers who exemplified the best in functional, day-to-day, unrehearsed humanism and in humane care for the sick. Their example undoubtedly strengthened his own natural inclinations. This humanistic tradition is important in explaining the respected position which Osler continues to hold today as a role model for students. He proved to be a fine scholar at McGill, as shown by his coming first in the final examination. Even more important, particularly as a forecast of accomplishments to come, was the award of a special prize for his thesis, which was distinguished for its originality.

  Biographie – BLAKE, SAM...  

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L’organisme, rebaptisé Church Association of the Diocese of Toronto en 1873 à la suite d’une réorganisation, se signala surtout en fondant en 1877 la Protestant Épiscopal Divinity School (futur Wycliffe College), contrepartie évangélique du Trinity College, qui était ritualiste [V. James Paterson Sheraton*].

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In 1869 Blake and other prominent Toronto Anglicans had founded the Evangelical Association, a low-church lobby against clerical and high-church domination of the diocese of Toronto. The most significant achievement of the association, which was reorganized as the Church Association in 1873, was the establishment in 1877 of the Protestant Episcopal Divinity School (later renamed Wycliffe College) as an evangelical response to the high-church teachings of Trinity College [

  Biographie – ANDERSON, ...  

Montrer texteMontrer source en cacheMontrer URL avec texte source	Le père de James Anderson fut officier dans l’armée avant de diriger une plantation en Inde ; il rentra en Angleterre en 1817 et émigra dans le Haut-Canada en 1831. Parmi les membres de cette famille, on trouve le général sir James Outram, qui se signala en Inde, et le lieutenant-colonel Alexander Seton, un des héros du naufrage du
Comparer pages textesComparer pages HTMMontrer URL avec texte sourceMontrer URL avec langue cibleDéfinir biographi.ca comme domaine prioritaire	James Anderson’s father was first a military officer, then ran a plantation in India; he returned to England in 1817 and immigrated to Upper Canada in 1831. Relatives of the family included General Sir James Outram, who won renown in India, and Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander Seton, one of the heroes in the sinking of the

  Biographie – ZHEEWEGONA...  

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En 1781, ce dernier alla trafiquer à Gloucester House, mais il n’y revint pas avant 1783 ; cette année-là, il signala que l’épidémie de petite vérole de 1781–1782 avait emporté un certain nombre de membres de sa bande, de même que beaucoup d’Indiens au sud-ouest du lac Saint-Joseph.

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He is first mentioned by John Kipling, chief trader at Gloucester House (Washi Lake, Ont.), who reported in 1780 that Zheewegonab was on his way to Albany with three canoes. Kipling’s later remark that the Indian was pleased with the treatment he received there may indicate that Zheewegonab had been dealing with Montreal-based traders during the 1770s. In 1781 he traded at Gloucester House, but did not appear there again until 1783, when he reported that the smallpox epidemic of 1781–82 had killed a number of his band members, as well as many Indians southwest of Lake St Joseph.

  Biographie – STAUNTON, ...  

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Les instructions faisaient mention de variations délicates dans les prix payés pour les fourrures ; il semble que Staunton sut s’acquitter de sa tâche de manière satisfaisante, et lorsqu’il fut rappelé en 1715, ce fut à sa propre requête, car on lui avait refusé l’augmentation sollicitée. En 1716, toutefois, son successeur, Thomas McCliesh signala que les hommes indisciplinés d’Albany avaient fait ce qu’ils avaient voulu de Staunton.

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With the treaty of Utrecht and the reoccupation of York, Albany lost some of its importance, but it remained the company’s main post for opposing the French coureurs de bois from the south. Staunton, made chief factor there in 1714, was instructed to “trade hard” with Indians from the north so that they would take their furs to York, but to entice Indians from the south away from French traders and draw over trade from the Eastmain River. These orders involved delicate variations in the prices paid for furs, but Staunton appears to have given satisfaction, and when he was recalled in 1715 it was at his own request since a raise in pay had been rejected. In 1716, however, his successor, Thomas McCliesh, reported that the unruly men at Albany had done what they liked with Staunton.

  Biographie – PIPES, WIL...  

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Celui-ci affirmait que la préservation des forêts pouvait être « assurée par la loi aussi efficacement que par l’éducation populaire », ce que Pipes s’employa à réfuter en 1908. L’année suivante, comme Wilcox l’accusait d’avoir retardé l’inventaire forestier de la province qu’il avait promis de faire, il signala quelles étapes préliminaires avaient été franchies.

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As commissioner of crown lands Pipes had to meet headlong Charles Smith Wilcox, a persistent critic of the department. In 1908 he sought to refute Wilcox’s notion that the preservation of the forests could be “brought about by law as effectively as it could be by the education of the people.” The next year he denied Wilcox’s charges that he had delayed a promised survey of the province’s forests, pointing out the preliminary steps already taken. After the session he went on two trips, largely in connection with the survey. On the second he died suddenly in Boston of a heart attack or stroke.

  Biographie – BLACKBURN,...  

Montrer texteMontrer source en cacheMontrer URL avec texte source	Blackburn se signala, soit dans le journalisme, soit dans la politique, par sa conviction qu’il importait de discuter rationnellement des problèmes et par sa certitude que tout ce que Toronto pouvait faire, London le pouvait aussi bien.
Comparer pages textesComparer pages HTMMontrer URL avec texte sourceMontrer URL avec langue cibleDéfinir biographi.ca comme domaine prioritaire	Josiah Blackburn was one of the most important newspapermen of his day. He was also politically influential, whether as a supporter of George Brown, Sandfield Macdonald, or John A. Macdonald. His journalism and politics were both characterized by a conviction that rational discussion of the issues was important, and the belief that anything Toronto could do London could do as well.

  FR:Biography – WITHROW,...  

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Chef d’un groupe de fidèles à l’église Metropolitan de Toronto, prédicateur occasionnel et membre assidu de la Conférence, Withrow prit toujours une part active à l’œuvre pastorale de l’Église méthodiste du Canada, qui naquit de la fusion de 1874. Cependant, il se signala surtout comme directeur des publications, rédacteur en chef et auteur, et comme membre de la bureaucratie dont son Église était alors en train de se doter.

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A class leader in the Metropolitan Church in Toronto, an occasional preacher, and a faithful member of conference, Withrow was always an active participant in the pastoral work of the Methodist Church of Canada, the body that resulted from the union of 1874. His principal roles were, however, as an editor and writer and as an influential figure in the church’s emerging bureaucracy. Here he made a significant contribution to the well-being of his beloved Methodist community and to the development of English-Canadian literary culture.

  Biographie – KETCHUM, S...  

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Toutefois, en 1835, le missionnaire anglican Adam Elliot* le trouva dans le canton de Mono où, signala-t-il, il avait « déjà fondé plusieurs écoles du dimanche et enseigné le catéchisme anglican à plus de cent personnes ».

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In 1820 Ketchum secured a land grant in Mono Township, near the present Orangeville, and over the years he added considerably to his holdings there. He was still living on Yonge St in 1830, when he signed a petition to incorporate a turnpike company, and in 1831 was still buying land there. In 1835, however, Anglican missionary Adam Elliot* found him at Mono, noting that he had already “formed several Sunday Schools, and instructed above a hundred persons in the Church catechism.” In his new home, indeed, Ketchum soon outdid his previous efforts in church extension. In 1837 he built a log church on his own land that was the precursor of St Mark’s, Orangeville, and local tradition credits him with the foundation of at least half a dozen Anglican churches in the area. He also made several large gifts of land to the church, for purposes ranging from the support of theological students to the foundation of a “Sailors’ Home.”

  Biographie – ESTCOURT, ...  

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Au cours des derniers mois de 1838 et en 1839, en plus de remplir ses tâches régimentaires, Estcourt dirigea les travaux d’arpentage des routes, surtout ceux de la route Cayuga, depuis Niagara Falls jusqu’à London. Constatant le piètre état de cette route, il le signala aux autorités militaires.

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for Halifax. After their arrival in June, they proceeded to La Prairie, Lower Canada, where the 43rd was temporarily stationed, and then in July travelled via the Ottawa River, the Rideau Canal, and Lake Ontario to the Niagara frontier in Upper Canada. In August they settled at Lundy’s Lane, not far from regimental headquarters at Drummondville (Niagara Falls). During the latter part of 1838 and in 1839, besides fulfilling his regimental duties, Estcourt busied himself conducting road surveys, particularly of the Cayuga Road from Niagara Falls to London, the poor condition of which he drew to the attention of military authorities. He and Caroline also engaged in the social life of the Niagara frontier, participating in sleighing parties, visiting Toronto on occasion, and sketching local scenery, particularly Niagara Falls. In late summer 1839 he was ordered to rejoin the depot companies of the 43rd at Portsmouth, England, and by September the couple had left the Canadas.

  Biographie – MARLATT, W...  

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Le Victoria Daily Times signala que « en s’occupant de questions ouvrières » elle avait « prouvé sa capacité d’organisation pendant l’été des deux dernières années » lorsqu’elle coordonna l'affectation d'ouvrières à la cueillette de fruits sur le continent.

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In December 1918 the provincial Department of Labour made plans to open a labour bureau in Victoria. The bureau, one of a province-wide network of employment offices, was a result of a provincial-dominion conference held on 19–23 Nov. 1918; the federal government agreed to pay half of all operating costs of the provincial bureaux. The Victoria office, advertised in local papers as being “at the service of all persons seeking employment and of employers seeking help,” opened in January 1919. It consisted of a male and a female department. The provincial government appointed Marlatt to head the female department on 7 Feb. 1919. The Victoria Daily Times pointed out that “in dealing with labor matters,” she had “proved her organizing ability during the summer of the two last years” when she organized female labourers to pick fruit on the mainland.

  Biographie – ISBISTER, ...  

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, à l’automne de 1745. Joseph signala que son frère « était tombé malade, frappé de délire et d’une sorte de folie [...] et saisi de frayeur ». En réalité, William, par suite de l’abus continuel de l’alcool, avait perdu la raison et menacé de faire sauter Henley avec de la poudre à canon.

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The loneliness of the site and the fear of an Indian or French attack on the little garrison may have contributed to William’s attack of delirium tremens in the fall of 1745. Joseph reported that his brother was “taken ill with light-headedness and a sort of frenzy . . . got a fright.” In fact, through continual drinking William had lost his senses and threatened to blow up Henley with gunpowder. His men had overpowered him and brought him handcuffed to Albany, where he talked like a madman all night. When he recovered, Joseph sent him back to Henley.

  Biographie – SAUNDERS, ...  

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William Saunders fut l’un des derniers autodidactes en sciences naturelles qui se signala au Canada. Il n’avait pourtant rien d’un amateur. Il était bien un professionnel en ce sens qu’il gagnait sa vie en tant que scientifique.

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Although Saunders was one of the last of the self-taught natural scientists to rise to prominence in Canada, he was no amateur. He was a professional in the sense that he earned his living as a scientist. As an agriculturist, he made significant contributions to the settlement of the northwest and his work in establishing the experimental farms qualifies him as a pioneer of research and development in Canada.

  FR:Biography – STROBRID...  

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En février 1826, l’ingénieur en chef Francis Hall signala dans son compte rendu aux commissaires du canal que la construction du brise-lames avait déjà coûté à elle seule presque la moitié du montant prévu dans le contrat original pour le projet au complet.

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Throughout 1825 dredging machinery was used to dig the cut down to the specified 12 feet. It only remained to complete the two piers and install the decking and handrails. However, disquieting reports were surfacing about Strobridge’s ability to complete the project. The superintendent engineer, Francis Hall, reported to the canal commissioners in February 1826 that the construction of the breakwater alone had already cost nearly one-half the original contract price for the whole project. According to Hall, the breakwater on Lake Ontario faced such strong currents and waves that its construction had proved “hazardous and expensive, beyond all calculations.” Nevertheless, Strobridge had used the weather to his advantage and during the winter of 1825–26 he had had stone hauled across the frozen lake to the work site. Eventually, he overcame the engineering difficulties in constructing the piers and breakwater.