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  Fangst pॠhav og is - ...  
Fra midten av 1600-tallet trakk hvalen vekk fra fjordene og farvannene i nærheten av Svalbard. Hvalfangsten ble konsentrert til fangstskutene ute i havet og ved driviskanten.
From the middle of the 1600s the whale began to leave the fjords and the waters close to Svalbard. Whaling became concentrated to whaling ships at sea, and by the edge of the drift ice.
  Nordvesthjà¸rnet ‘“ Hva...  
Hvalen trakk etter hvert ut av fjordene og begynte å bevege seg langs iskanten og ute i isen mellom nordvesthjørnet av Spitsbergen og Grønland. Fangstskutene fulgte etter hvalen og hvalfangststasjonene ble forlatt.
The whalers greatly appreciated the bays and good anchorages the area offered. Phipp’s expedition in 1773 is worth mentioning as an example. The expedition had to wait for the sea ice condition to improve, and did so near Fair Haven. Here. Several other whalers were also waiting to leave the fjord and hunt whales by the ice edge. According to Phipps, the best time to do it was in July and the first 10 days of August.
  Landbasert oljeutvinnin...  
Fra midten av 1600-tallet førte en lang kuldeperiode til at fjordene var dekket av is over lengre perioder om sommeren. Samtidig forsvant grønlandshvalen fra fjordene og trakk ut i åpent hav ved driviskanten.
In the middle of the 1600s a long cold snap covered the fjords ice for lengthy periods, even during the summer. Bowhead whales disappeared from of the fjords, moving to the open sea by the edge of the drift ice. Whaling could no longer happen from the shore, and gradually the whaling stations were abandoned. A new whaling period began, one based on whaling in the sea and on the ice.
  Alkhornet og Trygghamna...  
Navnet Trygghamna er avledet av det gamle nederlandske Behouden haven og det engelske Safe Harbour eller Safe Haven som betyr det samme. Navnet fører tankene tilbake til den vesteuropeiske hvalfangsten på Svalbard på 1600-tallet da hvalen trakk inn i fjordene og kunne fangstes der.
The name Trygghamna is derived from the old Dutch name Behouden Haven and the English Safe Harbour or Safe Haven, all with the same meaning. The name reflects on the West European whaling that was carried out around Svalbard in the 17th century when whales would swim into the fjords and subsequently be caught. Trygghamna was, and still is, the perfect harbour with good anchorage. Because of its favourable geographical position, this harbour was early known and continuously in use.
  Smeerenburg - Cruisehà¥...  
Smeerenburg ble gradvis avviklet som hvalfangststasjon i andre halvdel av 1600-tallet. Hvalen trakk seg vekk fra fjordene, og stasjonen mistet sin betydning og begynte å forfalle. Ovnene ble revet og de brukbare materialene ble tatt med hjem, hvis de ikke ble brukt til nødvendige reparasjoner.
Even long after the station had been shut down, Smeerenburg continued to be used as an emergency harbour, as a place to store whaling equipment and as a place where the whaling vessels gathered in the spring and in the autumn. There were good harbour conditions in Smeerenburg, and many fairways led to the place. The ships could always get out into open waters should the drift ice suddenly enter the fjords. It was possible to find freshwater ashore and there was also an opportunity to put fresh meat on the menu before the long journey home. There was also a cemetery here. In Smeerenburg there are 101 graves belonging to men who lost their lives to whaling in the 17th and 18th centuries.
  Nordvesthjà¸rnet med Ra...  
Han beskrev landet som «for det meste oppstykket, nokså høyt, ikke annet enn fjell og spisse berg, derfor kalte vi det Spitsbergen». I hundreårene etter oppdagelsen trakk de rike forekomstene av grønlandshval til seg hvalfangere fra Nederland og andre land, og området ble gjenstand for en intensiv aktivitet til lands og til sjøs.
It was here, in the far north-west, that Willem Barentsz and his crew discovered new land on 17 June 1596. They described the land as being “rugged for the most part, and steep, mostly mountains and jagged peaks, from which we gave it the name of Spitsbergen”. In the centuries that followed, the large number of bowhead whales found here attracted whalers from the Netherlands and various other countries, and the area became a place of high activity, both on the shore and in the surrounding sea. This is why Nordvesthjørnet offers the largest concentration of graves, blubber ovens and other cultural treasures on Spitsbergen, all dating back to this first era of the exploitation of Svalbard’s natural resources.
  Nordvesthjà¸rnet ‘“ Hva...  
I nesten 200 år foregikk den internasjonale fangsten på hval i sjøen ved landet med de spisse snødekte fjell. I begynnelsen trakk hvalen inn i fjordene. Store hvalstasjoner ble bygd på land for å koke spekket og produsere den innbringende oljen.
The whales eventually left the fjords behind and began to move towards the ice edge and between north-western Spitsbergen and Greenland. The hunting vessels followed the whales and the whaling stations were abandoned. However, Nordvesthjørnet, with its comfortable bays and its good harbours, remained in use until the end of whaling towards the latter part of the 1700s. The area was used as a place to moor while waiting for the conditions to become right for hunting near the ice edge. It was also where hunting vessels fathered before the season began and after it had ended. Utensils and equipment were stored here, and there was also a burial ground.
  Svalbards historie - Cr...  
Svalbard ble i løpet av kort tid en magnet som trakk skuter nordover for å drive hvalfangst. Fangsten foregikk ikke uten gnisninger, konkurranse og rivalisering landene imellom om hvalfangstrettigheter og retten til de beste fangstplassene.
Within a relatively short time Svalbard became a magnet, attracting vessels north to take part in whaling. Whaling was not free of friction. There was competition and rivalry among the participating countries regarding whaling rights and access to the best hunting grounds. There was also domestic competition and ship owners and trade companies soon monopolized whaling, and acquired royal privileges to exploit whaling grounds and waters off Svalbard. The actors who were not members of the privileged companies were driven away from the whaling areas independent of nationality.
  Engelskbukta - Cruisehà...  
På begynnelsen av 1600-tallet ble Svalbard en magnet som trakk skuter nordover for å drive hvalfangst. Skip og sjømenn fra mange nasjoner i det vestlige Europa deltok i fangsten. Med mulighetene for et godt økonomisk utbytte foregikk ikke fangsten uten gnisninger, konkurranse og rivalisering mellom de ulike hvalfangstnasjonene.
At the start of the 17th century, Svalbard acted as a magnet for the sailing ships that came north for the whaling. Ships and sailors from many western European countries came to participate. The prospects for good economic yields set the scene for friction, competition and rivalry between the whaling nations. Contested hunting rights and the rights to the best whaling grounds were finally settled between England and the Netherlands. Through a compromise, the whaling grounds were split between them. The English were granted rights to whaling south from the fjord of Magdalenefjorden, while the Dutch controlled the areas north of this fjord, situated in the north-western corner of Spitsbergen. As a part of this agreement, Engelskbukta was given to the English. The bay was used a lot by English whalers in the 17th century. Written sources state that they built a whaling station in the bay. On the maps of Gerritz (1613) and the Muscovy Company (1625) the bay was called Cove Comfortless, a name supposedly stemming from the story of the sailing ships Mary Margaret and Elisabeth.
  Svalbards historie - Cr...  
De nyindustrialiserte landene hadde stort behov for råvarer og kull var spesielt etterspurt. Prisene på råstoffet ble etter hvert meget gode, og Svalbard ble igjen en magnet som trakk folk nordover på jakt etter den store fortjenesten.
At the beginning of the 20th century the Industrial Revolution rolled over Europe. The newly industrialized countries demanded large amounts of raw materials and coal was especially in high demand. The prices for coal became very high and Svalbard was again like a magnet to adventurous people looking for the next huge profit. During the first few decades of the 20th century almost all available land areas were annexed for future mineral exploitation and mining. Svalbard was politically a no-man’s land and at times the occupations and land claims became quite chaotic. The coal deposits were the most interesting, but prospecting for phosphorite, gold, iron, zinc, lead, copper, gypsum, asbestos and marble also took place.
  Svalbards historie - Cr...  
Fra midten av 1600-tallet trakk hvalen vekk fra fjordene og farvannene i nærheten av Svalbard. Hvalfangsten ble konsentrert til fangstskutene ute i havet og ved driviskanten. Landstasjonene på Svalbard mistet sin betydning og forfallet satte i gang.
From the middle of the 17th century whales withdrew from the coastal areas of Svalbard, and whaling then concentrated on the open sea and the ice edge. Long after being abandoned, shore stations were still used as emergency harbours, storage for whaling equipment, graveyards and meeting places for the whaling ships in spring and autumn.