yw – -Translation – Keybot Dictionary

  Evolution MegaLab  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Sut mae'r Evolution MegaLab yn canfod os yw esblygiad wedi digwydd?
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	How does the Evolution MegaLab work out if evolution has occurred?

  Cwestiynau a Ofynnir yn...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Yr ysglyfaeth fwyaf amlwg o'r Cepaea yw'r fronfraith. Nid ydynt yn gallu gwasgu'r malwod ar eu pen eu hunain nag yn gallu eu llyncu'n gyfan gyda'r gragen. Mae angen i fronfreithod felly falu'r gragen ar graig neu wyneb caregog i gael gafael ar y falwen y tu fewn.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	The best known predator of Cepaea is the song thrush. They are not capable of crushing snails on their own or swallowing them whole with the shell. Song thrushes therefore have to smash the snail shell on a rock or stony surface to get at the snail inside. These pieces of rock are known as anvils and can be easily recognised by the shell fragments lying around them.

  Colour_and_banding_help  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Noder: y patrwm sylfaenol mewn “aml fandiog” yw pump o fandiau amlwg. Ar adegau prin iawn gall rhain wahanu. Gan bod gymaint o amrywiaethau bychain ar y thema hyn, rydym wedi eu galw i gyd yn aml fandiog.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	Note: the basic pattern in “many banded” shells is of five distinct bands. Very rarely, some of these may split. Because there are so many minor variations on this theme, and their heredity is not always known, we have called them all many banded

  Cefndir Evolution MegaLab  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Rydym eisiau eich cymorth i ddarganfod os yw ysglyfaethu gan adar dal yn bwysig, oherwydd bod gostyngiad sylweddol wedi bod yn y nifer o fronfreithod mewn rhai mannau yn y 30 mlynedd diwethaf. Os oes llai o fronfreithod o gwmpas, bydd disgwyl i'r gwahanol falwod bod yn llai ffyddlon i'w tirweddau arbennig nag yr oeddynt arfer a gwneud.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	We want your help to find out whether predation by birds is still important, because there has been a big decrease in the numbers of song thrushes in some places over the last 30 years. If there are fewer song thrushes about, you would expect the different snails to be less faithful to their particular habitats than they used to be.

  Cwestiynau a Ofynnir yn...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Esblygiad yw newid dros genedlaethau yn y priodweddau etifeddol a chaiff eu darganfod mewn poblogaethau. Mae esblygiad yn drefn araf a graddol, ond yn y 3,500,000,000 o flynyddoedd ers i fywyd gychwyn ar y Ddaear, mae llawer o amser wedi bod iddo sicrhau amrywiaeth mawr yn y bywyd a welwn heddiw o'r cyndeidiau cyffredin a rannir gan bob rywogaeth byw.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	Evolution is change over generations in the inherited characteristics found in a population. Evolution is a slow and gradual process, but in the 3,500,000,000 years since life began on Earth, there has been plenty of time for it to produce the great diversity of life we see today from the ancient common ancestor shared by all living species.

  Evolution MegaLab  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Defnyddir Google Maps i arddangos y data ac nid yw'r swyddogaeth hon ar gael i rai sy'n dibynnu ar fysellfwrdd neu'r sawl hynny sy'n defnyddio porwr sgrin. Ond, mae'r data cyfoes ar gael i lawr lwytho mewn taenlen Excel sy'n cynnig mynediad amgen cyfyngedig.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	Google Maps is used to display the data and this functionality is not yet accessible for those who rely on a keyboard or those who use a screenreader. However, the current data are available to download in an Excel spreadsheet which offers limted alternative access.

  Colour_and_banding_help  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Os yw’r cragen yn ymddangos yn wyn hyd yn oed a’i periostracum mewn un darn, sgoriwch ef yn felyn. Os oes gennych gragen gwag heb periostracum, gwlychwch o rywfaint a dylai’r lliw ddangos. Os na allwch weld lliw mewn cragen o’r fath, taflwch ef i ffwrdd; gall fod wedi colli gormod o liw i fod o ddefnydd.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	If the shell appears white even with its periostracum intact, score it as yellow. If you have an empty shell without a periostracum, moisten it a bit and the colour should show. If you can see no colour in such a shell, discard it; it may have faded too much to be useful.

  How_to_hunt_banded_snails  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Anelwch I gasglu 50 oedolyn Cepaea os gallwch, ond gall sampl o cynlleied a 5 neu 6 fod yn ddigon os dyma’r oll gallwch ddod o hyd iddynt. (Os yw amgylchiadau yn rhy sych gallwch wastad ddod yn nol yn hwyrach i gwblhau’r sampl).
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	Aim to collect 50 adult Cepaea if you can, but a sample of as few as 5 or 6 is sufficient if this is all you can find. (If conditions are too dry you can always come back later to complete the sample).

  How_to_hunt_banded_snails  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Lliw cragen: Gall hyn fod yn eitha ystrywgar, yn enwedig wrth wahaniaethu rhwng pinc a brown. Y dull gorau i wahaniaethu yw i edrych ar ochr waelod y cragen, mae cregyn brown yn frown gyda naws piws ysgafn tra nad oes gan rai pinc y piws.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	Shell colour: This can be a little tricky, especially distinguishing between pink and brown. The best way to distinguish is to look at the underside of the shell, brown shells are brown with a faint purple tinge whereas pink shells lack the purple.

  Colour_and_banding_help  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Y peth cyntaf i edrych amdano wrth sgorio malwod yw lliw’r cragen. Anwybyddwch unrhyw fandiau a all fod ar y cragen. Y gwahaniaeth sylfaenol rydym am i chi ei wneud yw os yw’r cragen yn felyn, pinc neu brown.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	The first thing to look for when scoring snails is the colour of the shell itself. Ignore any bands there may be on the shell. The basic division we want you to make is whether the shell is yellow, pink or brown.

  Evolution MegaLab  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Os yw'r Evolution MegaLab wedi tanio diddordeb mewn canfod mwy am esblygiad, cymerwch olwg ar wefan Darwin y Brifysgol Agored. Gallwch ddod o hyd i wybodaeth ar gyrsiau a allwch eu hastudio a dolenni at sut beth yw astudio gyda'r Brifysgol Agored.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	If the Evolution MegaLab has sparked an interest in finding out more about evolution, have a look at The Open University's Darwin site. You will find information on courses that you could study and links to what it is like to study at The Open University.

  Cwestiynau a Ofynnir yn...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Dewis naturiol yw'r mecanwaith ble mae esblygiad yn cynhyrchu addasiad. Yw'r broses ble fydd y priodweddau etifeddol sy'n gwella siawns yr unigolyn o gael epil yn cynyddu dros genhedlaethau ar draul priodweddau llai manteisiol.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	Natural selection is the mechanism by which evolution produces adaptation. It is the process in which inherited characteristics that improve the chances of an individual leaving offspring increase over the generations at the expense of other, less advantageous characteristics.

  Cwestiynau a Ofynnir yn...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Yr ateb fwyaf tebygol yw bod crefyn rhai amlffurf yn atebol i amryw o wahanol ffynonellau o ddewis naturiol (e.e. adar a hinsawdd) a bod y rhain yn amrywio ar raddfa eithaf lleol, gan gynnwys efallai o fewn cynefinoedd.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	This is an excellent question! (Which is a scientist's way of saying 'we don't exactly know'). The likeliest answer is that shell polymorphisms are subject to a variety of different sources of natural selection (e.g. birds and climate) and that these vary on quite a local scale, probably even within habitats.

  Cwestiynau a Ofynnir yn...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Dewis naturiol yw'r mecanwaith ble mae esblygiad yn cynhyrchu addasiad. Yw'r broses ble fydd y priodweddau etifeddol sy'n gwella siawns yr unigolyn o gael epil yn cynyddu dros genhedlaethau ar draul priodweddau llai manteisiol.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	Natural selection is the mechanism by which evolution produces adaptation. It is the process in which inherited characteristics that improve the chances of an individual leaving offspring increase over the generations at the expense of other, less advantageous characteristics.

  Colour_and_banding_help  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Y peth cyntaf i edrych amdano wrth sgorio malwod yw lliw’r cragen. Anwybyddwch unrhyw fandiau a all fod ar y cragen. Y gwahaniaeth sylfaenol rydym am i chi ei wneud yw os yw’r cragen yn felyn, pinc neu brown.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	The first thing to look for when scoring snails is the colour of the shell itself. Ignore any bands there may be on the shell. The basic division we want you to make is whether the shell is yellow, pink or brown.

  Cwestiynau a Ofynnir yn...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Mae'n gymhleth braidd! Y fersiwn syml yw hyn: Mae lliw'r gragen yn cael ei reoli gan locws geneteg o'r enw C, sydd ag alelau ar gyfer cregyn brown, pinc neu felyn yn y drefn drechol hynny (brown %gt; pinc > melyn).
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	It's a bit complicated! The simplified version is as follows: The colour of the shell is controlled by a genetic locus called C, which has alleles for brown, pink or yellow shells in that order of dominance (brown > pink > yellow). Another locus called B has two alleles that control the presence/absence of bands (absence dominant to presence). The C and B loci are linked (on the same chromosome).

  Evolution MegaLab  

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Rydym yn defnyddio prawf 'Chi Square' i gymharu'r niferoedd o'r prîf fathau o falwod yn y sampl hanesyddol gyda'r sampl rydych chi wedi ei gyflwyno. Mae'r adborth yn yr e-byst a fyddwch yn ei dderbyn wedi ei seilio ar os yw'r prawf hwn yn canfod newid sylweddol (p< 0.05) neu beidio.

Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain

We use a Chi Square test to compare the counts of snails of the main types in the historical sample with the sample that you have submitted. The feedback in the e-mail you receive is based upon whether this test finds a significant (p < 0.05) change or not. Note that one out of 20 (or 5%) of samples can be expected to be 'significant' at the p < 0.05 level just by chance. For this reason we offer a cautiously worded interpretation of all data. Of course the final study using all the data will be statistically much more sophisticated.

  Colour_and_banding_help  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Y peth cyntaf i edrych amdano wrth sgorio malwod yw lliw’r cragen. Anwybyddwch unrhyw fandiau a all fod ar y cragen. Y gwahaniaeth sylfaenol rydym am i chi ei wneud yw os yw’r cragen yn felyn, pinc neu brown.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	The first thing to look for when scoring snails is the colour of the shell itself. Ignore any bands there may be on the shell. The basic division we want you to make is whether the shell is yellow, pink or brown.

  Cwestiynau a Ofynnir yn...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL

Caiff rai poblogaethau eu sefydlu (cychwyn) gan nifer fechan o unigolion a bydd eu disgynyddion yn rhannu priodweddau etifeddol y rhai cyndadau hyn. Gan fod Cepaea yn wryw-benyw, gall hyd yn oed un falwen sefydlu poblogaeth newydd os yw wedi paru cyn cyrraedd y lleoliad newydd.

Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain

Some populations are founded (started) by a small number of individuals whose descendants then all share the inherited characteristics of these few ancestors. Because Cepaea are hermaphrodites, even one snail can found a new population if it has mated before arriving in a new location. Although many Cepaea populations are polymorphic, a few may contain only one or two morphs due to the founder effect. This is particularly seen outside the native range of Cepaea, such as in populations that have been introduced in N. America.

  Evolution MegaLab  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Er mwyn cynnal prawf 'chi square' dilys mae angen i o leiaf pum malwen o bob math yn y tabl niferoedd a ddisgwylir. Os yw un ai'r sampl hanesyddol neu'r sampl newydd (neu'r ddau) yn rhy fach, efallai na fydd hyn yn digwydd a ni ellir gwneud prawf.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	To conduct a valid chi square test we need at least five snails of each type in the table of expected numbers. If either the historical or the new sample (or both) are too small, this may not happen and no test can be made.

  Colour_and_banding_help  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Y peth nesaf i edrych amdano wrth sgorio malwod yw’r niferoedd a lleoliad y bandiau.Rydym eisiau i chi, i wahanu’r cregyn yn difand, un band a amryw o fandiau ar gyfer pob lliw cragen.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	The next thing to look for when scoring snails is the number and position of the bands. We want you, for each shell colour separately, to split the shells into unbanded, one banded and many-banded.

  Cefndir Evolution MegaLab  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Cynorthwywch ni i ddarganfod os yw lliwiau cregyn mwy golau yn fwy cyffredin yn y Gogledd nag yr oeddynt arfer a bod, nawr bod yr hinsawdd wedi cynhesu.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	Help us find out whether lighter coloured shells are more common further north than they used to be, now that the climate has become warmer.

  Cwestiynau a Ofynnir yn...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Mae gan drydydd locws o'r enw U, nad yw wedi ei gysylltu â C nag B ddau alel: band canol a 5 band. Mae'r cyntaf yn drechol i'r olaf.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	A third locus called U, which is not linked to C or B, has two alleles: mid banded and 5-banded. The former is dominant to the latter.

  Cwestiynau a Ofynnir yn...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Beth yw esblygiad?
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	What is evolution?

  Cwestiynau a Ofynnir yn...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Beth yw dewis naturiol?
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	What is natural selection?

  Cwestiynau a Ofynnir yn...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Beth yw'r effaith sylfaenydd?
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	What is the founder effect?

  Cwestiynau a Ofynnir yn...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Beth yw rannau corff malwen Cepaea?
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	What are the body parts of a Cepaea snail?

  Evolution MegaLab  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Pa mor ddiogel yw'r data personol rwy'n darparu gyda'r cofrestru?
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	How secure are the personal data I provided at registration?

  Evolution MegaLab  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Os yw'r Evolution MegaLab wedi tanio diddordeb mewn canfod mwy am esblygiad, cymerwch olwg ar wefan Darwin y Brifysgol Agored. Gallwch ddod o hyd i wybodaeth ar gyrsiau a allwch eu hastudio a dolenni at sut beth yw astudio gyda'r Brifysgol Agored.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	If the Evolution MegaLab has sparked an interest in finding out more about evolution, have a look at The Open University's Darwin site. You will find information on courses that you could study and links to what it is like to study at The Open University.

  Evolution MegaLab  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Nid yw falwod yn beryg ond mae'n ddoeth i gymryd rhai rhagofalon pan allan yn casglu malwod:
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine evolutionmegalab.org as primary domain	Snails are not dangerous but it is wise to take a few precautions when out collecting snails: