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Besides its high temperature, the formation water pumped up by geothermal systems is also highly saline; typically several times greater than seawater. Apart from the as-yet unknown impact that the heat radiation around the well might have on groundwater quality, it is also extremely important to prevent any leakage of this highly saline water into the groundwater. This risk of groundwater contamination can be considerably limited through the use of multiple-casing well constructions, using sufficiently corrosion-proof materials, in combination with effective leakage monitoring and control measures.
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