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Stubborn persistence of poverty, unemployment, and underemployment is a problem that development practitioners and policy makers continue to face even after more than half a century of development efforts. While 1.3 billion people of the world (which is around a third of the world's population) are living on incomes of less than one US dollar a day, 1 billion of the world's workforce of 3 billion are either underemployed or unemployed. On top of 160 million unemployed and 850 million underemployed workers, some 50 million new job-seekers are entering the labour market every year. And prospects are not very bright for many of them. On the other hand, the only (or major) resource available to the poor is often their own labour. Employment, therefore, is still the best route out of poverty. In order to get out of the vicious circle of poverty, the poor (especially in developing countries) require access to decent employment capable of generating decent incomes.
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