étude portait sur – English Translation – Keybot Dictionary

  www.ke.undp.org  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Le rapport d’étude portait sur 34 des 48 PMA pour lesquels des données complètes étaient disponibles.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine ke.undp.org as primary domain	The discussion paper focused on 34 of the 48 LDCs for which complete data is available.

  insight.eun.org  

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Lors d’une évaluation réalisée en 2002, nous avons demandé à des enfants s’ils pensaient se lancer dans une carrière scientifique quand ils seraient plus grands. L’étude portait sur 28 enfants qui avaient suivi les cours 1 et 2, et 54 enfants qui n’avaient suivi aucun cours mais vivaient dans le même quartier.

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We evaluate all of our activities. Evaluation of our science courses shows that 90% of our children wish to learn more about science. The same is true when we evaluate our activity-days. Hence, we do stimulate children’s interest in science. Furthermore, both children and their parents, report that they believe our young scientists learn something by going to Scientist Factory. In an evaluation done in 2002, we asked children if they could imagine working with science when they were grown up. The study included 28 children that had taken course 1 and 2, and 54 children who not had attended any course, but lived in the same neighborhood. The results showed that answering yes to this question was doubled in the first group (60%) compared to the last (30%). Furthermore, when we asked which sources that had taught them about science, there was no difference with respect to TV, books, parents, museums etc. In the future, we will investigate more thoroughly if Scientist Factory really stimulates children to take higher education later in life, by interviewing our participants and a matched control group, in the time in which they are about to choose higher education.

  www.xplora.org  

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Lors d’une évaluation réalisée en 2002, nous avons demandé à des enfants s’ils pensaient se lancer dans une carrière scientifique quand ils seraient plus grands. L’étude portait sur 28 enfants qui avaient suivi les cours 1 et 2, et 54 enfants qui n’avaient suivi aucun cours mais vivaient dans le même quartier.

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We evaluate all of our activities. Evaluation of our science courses shows that 90% of our children wish to learn more about science. The same is true when we evaluate our activity-days. Hence, we do stimulate children’s interest in science. Furthermore, both children and their parents, report that they believe our young scientists learn something by going to Scientist Factory. In an evaluation done in 2002, we asked children if they could imagine working with science when they were grown up. The study included 28 children that had taken course 1 and 2, and 54 children who not had attended any course, but lived in the same neighborhood. The results showed that answering yes to this question was doubled in the first group (60%) compared to the last (30%). Furthermore, when we asked which sources that had taught them about science, there was no difference with respect to TV, books, parents, museums etc. In the future, we will investigate more thoroughly if Scientist Factory really stimulates children to take higher education later in life, by interviewing our participants and a matched control group, in the time in which they are about to choose higher education.

  www.irda.qc.ca  

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L’étude portait sur l’impact de l’établissement d’une plate-bande de fleurs, composée d’achillée millefeuille (Achillea millefolium L.) et de verge d’or du Canada (Solidago canadensis L.) (Asteraceae), sur le puceron vert du pommier Aphis pomi De Geer et sur les prédateurs aphidiphages, dans trois vergers de pommiers commerciaux au Québec.

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The study aims to evaluate the impact of a flower strips composed of the common yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) and the Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) (Asteraceae), on the green apple aphid Aphis pomi De Geer and on aphidophagous predators, in three commercial apple orchards in Quebec (Canada). The arthropods were sampled in 2008 using white sticky traps and visual observations in managed (close to floral strips) and unmanaged plots (natural ground cover) in the orchards, and also within the floral strips and the natural groundcover. The more common predatory groups on sticky traps were Araneae, Chrysopidae, Coccinellidae, Hemerobiidae and Syrphidae. Visual observations of apple leaves revealed mainly Coccinellidae, Cecidomyiidae and Araneae. The abundance of both A. pomi and aphidophagous predators populations was not different in control and managed plots. The floral strips did not have the expected effect.

  www.nature.ca  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Pour répondre à cette préoccupation de ses citoyens, la Municipalité régionale d'Ottawa-Carleton (comme elle s'appelait alors) s'est associée en 1995 au Musée canadien de la nature pour étudier la qualité de l'eau de la rivière, les algues microscopiques et la progression des moules zébrées, une espèce exotique envahissante. L'étude portait sur la portion de la rivière traversant Ottawa.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine nature.ca as primary domain	To respond to concerns of residents, the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton (as the region was formerly named) joined the Canadian Museum of Nature in 1995 in a study of the quality of the River's water, its microscopic algae, and the spread of zebra mussels (an invading exotic species). The study concentrated on the stretch of the River that passes through Ottawa.

  www.campioneunivela.it  

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Klara Fichtenbauer, Head of Food & Retailer Consumer Panel, de la GfK également, a présenté les résultats d'une étude exclusive de MARKANT Autriche. Le sujet de l'étude portait sur le comportement des consommateurs.

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MARKANT Austria's Information Day at the Palais Ferstel has now become an institution. More than 280 guests attended the Information Day this year. The event captivated visitors with high-calibre presentations on current issues, chaired by Nadja Mader-Müller. Dipl. Kfm. Ulf Schätzel from GfK discussed four current developments which have a strong influence on Austrian retail. Mag. Klara Fichtenbauer, Head of Food & Retailer Consumer Panel, also from GfK, presented the results of an exclusive study carried out by MARKANT Austria. It examined Austrian consumer purchasing behaviour during special offers, an issue that is highly relevant for both industry and retail. Prof. Dr Norbert Bolz, Head of the Institute for Language and Communication at TU Berlin, also spoke about consumer behaviour today. Finally, extreme athlete and adventurer Christian Schiester shared his personal experiences in a captivating presentation on the strength of willpower.

  3 Hits www5.agr.gc.ca  

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Notre étude portait sur la fonction combinée des gènes chevauchants ac16 (BV/ODV-E26, DA26) et ac17 du virus de la polyhédrose nucléaire multiple d’Autographa californica. Le gène ac17 est un gène tardif dont le promoteur se trouve dans le cadre de lecture ouvert du gène ac16.

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This study investigated the combined function of the Autographa californica multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus overlapping genes ac16 (BV/ODV-E26, DA26) and ac17. Ac17 is a late gene and the promoter is within the ac16 open reading frame. A double ac16-ac17 knockout virus was generated to assess the function of each gene independently or together. Loss of ac17 did not affect viral DNA synthesis but budded virus (BV) production was reduced. Deletion of both ac16-ac17 resulted in reduced viral DNA synthesis and a further reduction in BV production. In BV infected Sf9 cells, viral gene expression was delayed up to 12 h in the absence of both AC16 and AC17 but not if either gene was present. Cells infected by transfecting viral DNA, by-passing the BV particle, exhibited no delay in gene expression from the double knockout virus. AC16 and AC17 are therefore required for rapid viral gene expression in cells infected by BV.

  www.greatlakes-seaway.com  

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En particulier, l'étude portait sur cette question centrale : « Les opérations de déglaçage ou les transits de navires en présence de glace dans le secteur visé par l'étude causent-elles : 1) une érosion des rivages par la glace;

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The Joint Observational Study (JOS) was established to observe and document, over a period of three years, within the reach extending from Snell Lock to the middle of Lake St-Francis, the potential physical impacts arising from icebreaking activities in support of commercial navigation in the St. Lawrence Seaway. Specifically, the central questions to be studied were: "Do icebreaking activities and/or ship transits in ice conditions within the study area cause; 1) Shoreline ice scour and/or 2) Land-fast ice to break away from shore prematurely?

  www.douglas.qc.ca  

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Les résultats sont représentatifs de la situation nationale puisque l’étude portait sur un échantillon de 8 441 soldats canadiens, sur un total d’environ 57 000 militaires à temps plein et de 24 000 réservistes.

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The study was nationally representative, since 8,441 Canadian soldiers were surveyed from a total of about 57,000 full time military and 24,000 reservists. The soldiers were questioned on a variety of mental disorders using the World Health Organization’s Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The result?.1220 met criteria for at least 1 mental disorder in the past year. The most commonly reported problems were depression, alcohol dependence, and social phobia, although other problems such as posttraumatic stress were also common.

  10 Hits parl.gc.ca  

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On y comparait le taux de mortalité des anciens combattants de la guerre de Corée attribuable à diverses causes, avec celui d'hommes du même âge de la population générale. La deuxième étude portait sur l'incidence du cancer.

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Then we had a breakthrough. The Australian Department of Veterans' Affairs did three studies, and they produced three excellent reports. One of them was a mortality study. They compared the mortality rate of their Korean veterans from various causes with the mortality rate of males of the same age in the general population. The second one was a cancer incidence study. The third one was a health study, in which they compared the ailments and disabilities of Korean veterans with those of the general public. The differences were very significant. I can give you those on request. I have the Australian study here. I won't take up your time right now by reading them, but I'll answer specific questions.

  2 Hits www.elections.ca  

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Cette étude portait sur l'évolution des taux de participation aux élections fédérales de 2004 à 2011 dans les sections de vote situées dans les réserves des Premières Nations. Il en ressort que la participation est toujours plus faible dans les réserves que dans le reste du pays : de 2004 à 2011, l'écart moyen était de 17,4 points de pourcentage.

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This study examined the trends in federal voter turnout, between 2004 and 2011, in polling divisions located on First Nations reserves. The findings indicate that turnout rates are consistently lower in First Nations reserves when compared to the country as a whole, with an average difference of 17.4 percentage points between on-reserve and general turnout from 2004 to 2011. Over this period, on-reserve turnout followed the same fluctuations as the rest of the country, suggesting that the same factors are at play among electors living on reserve and in the general population.

  www.cra-arc.gc.ca  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	. L'étude portait sur les points de vue des dirigeants d'entreprise au sujet d'éventuelles mesures à adopter pour communiquer de l'information sur les changements de réglementation dans le contexte de l'impôt des sociétés et de la TPS/TVH.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine cra-arc.gc.ca as primary domain	. The objective of the research was to seek the views of corporate executives regarding potential methods to inform them about new regulations for Corporate Income Tax and GST/HST. The questions asked focused on the perceived usefulness of various information delivery methods, and the preferred timing of notices about such changes.

  www.eurospapoolnews.com  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Cette étude portait sur 214 patients épileptiques, certains atteints d'une forme grave de la maladie, comme les syndromes de Dravet ou de Lennox-Gastaut. Les patients ont été traités avec un extrait à 99% de CBD similaire au Charlotte's Web durant 12 semaines, tandis que les chercheurs contrôlaient méticuleusement leurs réponses à ce traitement.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine cannabis.info as primary domain	The study involved 214 epileptic patients, some of which suffered from severe manifestations of the disease, such as Dravet or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. The patients were treated with a 99% CBD extract similar to Charlotte’s Web for 12 weeks, with researchers closely monitoring their response.

  dev.nature.ca  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Pour répondre à cette préoccupation de ses citoyens, la Municipalité régionale d'Ottawa-Carleton (comme elle s'appelait alors) s'est associée en 1995 au Musée canadien de la nature pour étudier la qualité de l'eau de la rivière, les algues microscopiques et la progression des moules zébrées, une espèce exotique envahissante. L'étude portait sur la portion de la rivière traversant Ottawa.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine dev.nature.ca as primary domain	To respond to concerns of residents, the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton (as the region was formerly named) joined the Canadian Museum of Nature in 1995 in a study of the quality of the River's water, its microscopic algae, and the spread of zebra mussels (an invading exotic species). The study concentrated on the stretch of the River that passes through Ottawa.

  2 Hits www.rcmp.gc.ca  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Le 1er octobre 2012, le Service de police de Mesa a lancé une évaluation d'un an du système de caméra vidéo corporelle Axon Flex. L'étude portait sur l'incidence de la caméra sur la réduction des plaintes et des incidents marqués par le recours à la force, et la transparence du service.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine rcmp.gc.ca as primary domain	On October 1, 2012, the Mesa Police Department initiated a year-long evaluation of the Axon Flex on-officer body camera system. The evaluation focused on the system's impact on reducing departmental complaints, reducing use-of-force incidents and improving organizational transparency.

  2 Hits www.bikebiz.com  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	1. Cette étude portait sur un nombre relativement élevé de femmes ayant des antécédents d’utilisation de drogues injectables. Cela est probablement attribuable au recrutement de nombreuses femmes en Colombie-Britannique, province où les taux d’utilisation de drogues parmi les personnes séropositives sont généralement plus élevés qu’ailleurs au Canada.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine catie.ca as primary domain	1. There are relatively high rates of women with a history of injecting street drugs in this study. This is probably due to the recruitment of many women from BC, where generally there are higher rates of drug use among HIV-positive patients than in other provinces.

  8 Hits www.hc-sc.gc.ca  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	L'étude portait sur le nombre de décès liés à la leucémie et les nouveaux cas de leucémie chez les enfants de 0 à 4 ans. Elle n'a décelé aucun risque accru pour les enfants qui vivent près d'une centrale nucléaire ou près de sites où se fait l'extraction, la concentration et le raffinage de l'uranium.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine hc-sc.gc.ca as primary domain	The occurrence of leukemia deaths and incident leukemia cases in children between 0-4 years was studied. No increased risk to children living near nuclear power plants or uranium mining, milling, and refining sites was detected.

  2 Hits www.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Étude sur le terrain sur la ventilation dans les maisons (http://archive.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/fra/projets/irc/initiative-air/etudeterrain.html). Cette étude portait sur l’impact de l’amélioration de la ventilation résidentielle sur la qualité de l’air intérieur et sur la santé respiratoire des enfants souffrant d’asthme.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine nrc-cnrc.gc.ca as primary domain	Residential ventilation field study (http://archive.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca/eng/projects/irc/air-initiative/fieldstudy.html) examined the impact of interventions to improve ventilation, indoor air quality and the respiratory health of asthmatic children.

  explore.nature.ca  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Pour répondre à cette préoccupation de ses citoyens, la Municipalité régionale d'Ottawa-Carleton (comme elle s'appelait alors) s'est associée en 1995 au Musée canadien de la nature pour étudier la qualité de l'eau de la rivière, les algues microscopiques et la progression des moules zébrées, une espèce exotique envahissante. L'étude portait sur la portion de la rivière traversant Ottawa.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine explore.nature.ca as primary domain	To respond to concerns of residents, the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton (as the region was formerly named) joined the Canadian Museum of Nature in 1995 in a study of the quality of the River's water, its microscopic algae, and the spread of zebra mussels (an invading exotic species). The study concentrated on the stretch of the River that passes through Ottawa.

  7 Hits hc-sc.gc.ca  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	4 Une étude de grande portée a été réalisée récemment à Baltimore chez les travailleurs de l'industrie du chrome. Cette étude portait sur un grand nombre de travailleurs sur lesquels on possède des données relatives à l'exposition sur plusieurs années (Gibb, 1993).
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine hc-sc.gc.ca as primary domain	* A comprehensive study of chromium workers has recently been conducted in Baltimore. This study involved a large number of workers for whom extensive data on exposure are available for several years (Gibb, 1993). However, the results of this study were not available at the time of completion of this assessment.

  www.idrc.ca  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Une nouvelle étude du Programme d’économie environnementale pour l’Asie du Sud-Est (EEPSEA) recense les régions en Asie du Sud-Est les plus vulnérables aux répercussions des changements climatiques. L’étude portait sur 530 régions de sept pays.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine idrc.ca as primary domain	IDRC’s Climate Change and Water (CCW) team is pleased to announce the winners of the Fall 2010 Adaptation H2O graduate research awards. Eight graduate students have been recommended for this award for their innovative research relating to climate...

  5 Hits www.rigamuz.lv  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	L'étude portait sur un échantillon de 514 jeunes de sexe masculin et féminin du Manitoba, au Canada, qui étaient en probation entre 1986 et 1991. Des renseignements sur diverses caractéristiques démographiques personnelles et sociales ainsi que sur les risques et les besoins ont été recueillis d'après les entrevues effectuées au début de la surveillance.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine sattaqueraucrime.gc.ca as primary domain	The study sample was comprised of 514 male and female youths from Manitoba, Canada, under a probation sentence during the years 1986 to 1991. Information on various personal-social demographic characteristics, as well as risk and needs, were collected based on interviews upon admission to supervision. The criminal careers of the youths were then tracked until 2005.

  www.sshrc-crsh.gc.ca  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	de l’enquête sur l’évaluation globale du Programme de bourses d’études supérieures du Canada – L’étude portait sur le taux de réponse aux questions de l’enquête portant sur les aspects internationaux du Programme;
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine sshrc-crsh.gc.ca as primary domain	The Canada Graduate Scholarships Evaluation Survey: This research looked at response rates and at survey questions focusing on international aspects, which were included in the broader survey as part of the CGS evaluation.

  www.catie.ca  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	L’équipe de recherche fait remarquer que cette étude portait sur un nombre de sujets relativement restreint et que les hommes recrutés présentaient une densité osseuse « normale ou supérieure à la moyenne » au début de l’étude.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine catie.ca as primary domain	The research team notes that its study was relatively small and that the men enrolled had “normal to above average” bone density at the start of the study. The results from the New Zealand study may therefore not apply to men with much thinner bones. And there are at least several other drawbacks with this study:

  grainscanada.gc.ca  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	La présente étude portait sur l'aptitude des techniques suivantes à déceler et à mesurer le degré de prégermination chez les variétés d'orge brassicole canadiennes : l'analyse rapide de la viscosité (RVA), l'analyse d'images, la réflexion dans le proche infrarouge (NIR) et la spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (FTIR).
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine grainscanada.gc.ca as primary domain	This study investigated the following techniques to determine their suitability to detect and measure the degree of pre-germination in Canadian malting barley: rapid visco analysis (RVA), image analysis, near infrared reflectance (NIR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

  4 Hits www.grainscanada.gc.ca  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	La présente étude portait sur l'aptitude des techniques suivantes à déceler et à mesurer le degré de prégermination chez les variétés d'orge brassicole canadiennes : l'analyse rapide de la viscosité (RVA), l'analyse d'images, la réflexion dans le proche infrarouge (NIR) et la spectroscopie infrarouge à transformée de Fourier (FTIR).
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine grainscanada.gc.ca as primary domain	This study investigated the following techniques to determine their suitability to detect and measure the degree of pre-germination in Canadian malting barley: rapid visco analysis (RVA), image analysis, near infrared reflectance (NIR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).

  www.pmac.ca  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	En partenariat avec DiverseCity, l’ACGA a tenu le 27 février dernier un webinaire pendant lequel les résultats d’une étude importante réalisée récemment dans le cadre du projet de recherche DiverseCity Counts ont été dévoilés. Cette étude portait sur la diversité des fournisseurs dans la région du Grand Toronto.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine pmac.ca as primary domain	In partnership with DiverseCity, PMAC hosted a webinar on February 27 that presented the results of a major research study that was just completed as part of the DiverseCity Counts research series. This study examined supplier diversity in the Greater Toronto Area (GTA).

  5 Hits www.amec.es  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	L'étude portait sur un échantillon de 514 jeunes de sexe masculin et féminin du Manitoba, au Canada, qui étaient en probation entre 1986 et 1991. Des renseignements sur diverses caractéristiques démographiques personnelles et sociales ainsi que sur les risques et les besoins ont été recueillis d'après les entrevues effectuées au début de la surveillance.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine tacklingcrime.gc.ca as primary domain	The study sample was comprised of 514 male and female youths from Manitoba, Canada, under a probation sentence during the years 1986 to 1991. Information on various personal-social demographic characteristics, as well as risk and needs, were collected based on interviews upon admission to supervision. The criminal careers of the youths were then tracked until 2005.

  7 Hits www.agr.ca  

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Cette étude portait sur les effets qu’un apport alimentaire de poudre de racine d’Astragalus membranaceus (PAM) ou de PAM broyée à différentes granulométries peuvent avoir sur la croissance, l’état antioxydant et les métabolites sériques des poulets à griller.

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The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of supplementation of Astragalus membranaceus root powder (AMP) and AMP processed to different particle sizes on growth performance, antioxidant status, and serum metabolites of broiler chickens. The experiment was conducted with one hundred twenty 1-d-old Arbor Acres broilers in 5 groups of 4 cages and for both starter (0 to 21 d) and grower (22 to 42 d) phases. The treatments were basal diet only (control) and basal diet supplemented with 5 g/kg of diet of AMP processed to particle sizes of 300, 149, 75, or 37 µm. Average daily gain, ADFI, and feed conversion rate (FCR) were determined weekly, and carcass yield, serum antioxidant enzyme activity, and metabolites were determined at 21 and 42 d of the experiment. Supplementation of AMP increased (P < 0.01) activities of total superoxide dismutase (TSOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx), but reduced (P < 0.01) concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and cholesterol in the serum of chickens at 21 and 42 d. Reducing AMP particle sizes from 300 to 37 µm linearly increased (P < 0.01) TSOD and GSHPx activities at 21 and 42 d, but linearly decreased (P < 0.01) MDA at 42 d. Concentrations of total protein, albumin, and globulin in the serum were also increased (P < 0.05) or tended to be increased (P = 0.05 to 0.10) by AMP and linearly increased (P < 0.01) as the AMP particle sizes decreased. However, both treatments had no effect on ADG, ADFI, or FCR throughout the entire experiment period, although carcass yield increased (P < 0.05) at 42 d. Dietary supplementation of AMP at the concentration of 5 g/kg of diet enhanced serum antioxidant status and its efficacy linearly increased as the AMP particle size decreased from 300 to 37 µm, but had no effect on growth performance of broilers.

  www.edu.gov.on.ca  

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Aucune preuve concrète n'indiquait, en 1975, ou n'indique maintenant, que le manque d'information, ou l'absence perçue de quelque chose, constitue le problème. Cette étude portait sur l'adoption de la technologie en éducation.

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So how do we mobilize knowledge? This is something I borrowed from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research; they talk about the 'knowledge to action' cycle. I won't go in great detail into this, but this is something you can pull off their website. The completely oversimplified version is that we have a creation process in the middle here and it goes from broad, researcher-initiated inquiry, right down to the tailoring of focused products people can use. Then we've got this stuff around the outside, which theoretically, in the perfect world, in the nirvana of research, this is the way it happens – highly rational, we make decisions, we monitor their impacts, we feed that information back in, we evaluate outcomes, and make better decisions the next time. The problem is what we know for at least 35 years now is, knowledge is usually not the problem. There's actually not any real evidence in 1975, or now, that the lack of information, or the perceived absence of something, are the problem. This was actually a study looking at adoption of technology in education. And they actually found everybody was perfectly aware of those technologies we wanted to bring into use. That wasn't the problem at all. There were a bunch of other things going on. So what is the problem?