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(a) a bheith [fiáin, dorcha, d'adhmad, Traíoch], (b) rudaí a dhéanamh [seitreach, sodar, dul ar chosa in airde], nó (c) go ndéanfaí rudaí dó [a cheangal, grúmaeireacht], trí abairtí ina bhfuil an focal capall le feidhm comhréire mar ainmní nó cuspóir, faoi seach, a mheas.
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Traditionally, both ontologies, WordNets and word fields have been built by hand, with linguists relying solely on introspection and world knowledge. This somewhat subjective method has since been enhanced, and sometimes replaced, by computer-generated resources drawing on huge electronic text collections (like the internet), automatic grammatical analysis and statistics. Examples are automatically generated word fields in the form of co-occurence webs (Leipzig Wortschatz), or relational dictionaries (DeepDict, Sketch Engine). They syntactically extract what, for instance, a horse can (a) be [wild, dark, wooden, Trojan], (b) do [neigh, gallop, trot], or (c) have done to [tether, groom], simply by evaluating sentences where the word horse has the syntactic function of noun phrase head, subject or object, respectively.
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