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Keybot 7 Results  cfs.nrcan.gc.ca
  Service canadien des fo...  
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Les indices boursiers confirment l’existence d’un lien entre les considérations ESG et la réussite financière, compte tenu que les entreprises qui forment l’indice de durabilité du Dow Jones affichent généralement un rendement des actions supérieur (Robinson et coll., 2011), et que, entre 2007 et 2012, le rendement des entreprises qui constituaient l’indice de durabilité Goldman Sach (GS SUSTAIN [en anglais seulement]) a dépassé de plus de 40 % celui d’un indice boursier de référence mondiale (MSCI).
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Market indices corroborate that ESG is linked to financial success, with companies in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index generally demonstrating superior share performance (Robinson et al., 2011) and companies in GS SUSTAIN (Goldman Sachs’s sustainability index) generally outperforming a global equity benchmark index (MSCI) by more than 40% between 2007 and 2012. If doing good is enough to guarantee higher returns, why aren’t all firms engaging in ESG?
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Notes : (1) Données sur la production, la capacité et les exportations pour les années 2001 à 2009 de Lamers et coll. (2012).
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Notes: (1) Production, capacity and export data for years 2001-2009 from Lamers et al. (2012).
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Les calculs sont effectués à l’aide d’un système national de modèles de prévision de la conversion du volume en biomasse mis au point dans le cadre de l’Inventaire forestier national du Canada (Boudewyn et coll. 2007).
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The CBM-CFS3 calculates biomass components from merchantable volume. Calculations are done using a national system of volume-to-biomass estimation models developed as part of Canada’s national forest inventory (Boudewyn et al. 2007). Users modeling forests in British Columbia should use net merchantable volume curves, while users modeling forests in all other Canadian provinces and territories should use gross merchantable volume curves. The difference in curve type requirements between British Columbia and the rest of Canada is due to differences in the way merchantable volume was handled in the estimation models developed for Canada’s national forest inventory. Standard provincial and territorial merchantability criteria are assumed by the volume-to-biomass estimation models that are built into CBM-CFS3.
  Publications du Service...  
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Le travail de A. Carroll et coll. (2004) a servi de fondement aux conditions climatiques favorables. Leur travail a fourni des estimations sur les conditions climatiques favorables au DPP, dans 5 catégories dans l'Ouest du Canada, pour les climats passés, présents et futurs.
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The basis of the climatic suitability was the work of A. Carroll et al. (2004) which produced estimates of MPB climatic suitability in five classes across western Canada, for historical, existing and future climates. Future climate information was derived from global circulation models such as the CGCM model. They input general climate information into the BioSim tool, in conjunction with topography and other variables relevant to downscaling for MPB, to produce the MPB climatic suitability maps. We used these maps to create an adaptation of the MPB susceptibility and risk rating system that replaced the coarser location factor (based on latitude, longitude and elevation) with MPB climatic suitability. It is important to note that the MPB climatic suitability refers only to climatic conditions relevant for MPB survival and reproduction, while the susceptibility rating system incorporates pine host information.
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Safranyik et coll. (1974) ont décrit des méthodes d'aménagement du pin tordu qui permettent de réduire les dégâts causés par le dendroctone du pin ponderosa et ils ont traité, en termes généraux, de la lutte directe contre cet insecte.
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Management of lodgepole pine to reduce mountain pine beetle damage has been described, and direct control addressed in general terms (Safranyik et al. 1974) and Safranyik (1982) summarized the principles of direct control, listing the commonly used methods. These methods are described in several publications, many of which are not known or available to pest management personnel. This brochure, therefore, is addressed to pest management personnel in the forest industry and government who are involved in management of mountain pine beetle populations in western Canada. It describes the philosophy and procedures of direct control of the mountain pine beetle in lodgepole pine stands. Published information is augmented by unpublished results of experiments performed by the authors in the Cariboo Forest Region during the past 10 years and by their collective judgment where information was lacking.
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La température de l’eau est un facteur clé qui régule les processus physiques et biologiques dans les petits cours d’eau, et la récolte de bois en bordure des ruisseaux entraîne souvent des augmentations de température de l’eau en été qui peuvent être nuisibles aux poissons résidents. Mellina et coll.
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Water temperature is a key factor regulating physical and biological processes in small streams, and streamside logging often results in increased summer temperatures that can be detrimental to resident fish. Recently, Mellina et al. (2002) developed a model to predict downstream temperature trends in small headwater and lake-headed streams using easily measured predictors. During this study, summertime stream temperature and canopy cover data collected from 20 lake-headed and headwater streams in north-central B.C. were used to subject the model to an independent test to assess its predictive capabilities across space and time. The temperature data revealed that downstream cooling was widespread among the lake-headed streams, and downstream warming was prevalent in the headwater streams, regardless of whether or not the riparian zones were harvested. The data also suggested that temperature increases following streamside timber harvesting around lake-headed streams were more modest when compared to headwater streams, and that these increases were likely mitigated by a combination of warm outlet temperatures (promoted by the presence of the lakes) and cold groundwater inputs. Using complete summertime data, the cooling model predicted with relative accuracy the average daily downstream cooling or warming in the study streams (with deviations ranging from 0.02°C to 0.96 °C), and it continued to be relatively accurate when using data from restricted summertime intervals (with deviations ranging from 0.01°C to 2.53°C). Because large-scale clearcut logging is often the only effective control for severe mountain pine beetle infestations in epidemic areas, the model has the potential to become a powerful and costeffective risk management tool that may help managers plan appropriate timber harvesting activities that will minimize the potential impacts on stream-dwelling fish. The independent testing provided by this study will likely increase confidence in the model’s application to management issues.
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Des recherches précédentes menées à FPInnovations – PAPRICAN ont démontré que l’utilisation de bois détruit par le dendroctone du pin ponderosa (DPP) pour produire une pâte mécanique (PTM) n’a eu que peu d’incidence sur la résistance de la pâte, mais une influence plus marquée sur la structure (densité et rugosité) des feuilles d’essai. 2008; Hu et coll.
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Previous research at FPInnovations, PAPRICAN indicated that the use of mountain pine beetle-killed wood to produce mechanical pulp (TMP) resulted in a small impact on pulp strength and more pronounced influence on sheet structure (sheet density and roughness) of handsheets (Dalpke et al. 2008; Hu et al. 2009A). Preliminary tests on TMP pulp made from late-grey-stage wood also revealed a potential increase in the linting propensity. However, it was not clear to what extent printing paper quality issues are related to changes in incoming-fibre quality or to changes in processing when using beetle-killed wood. Peroxide bleaching of grey-stage beetle-killed lodgepole pine required an increased peroxide charge to reach a brightness target, affecting physical properties moderately and effluent load significantly. For sodium hydrosulphite bleaching of green and grey-stage wood, the changes in pulp properties, other than brightness, due to changes in hydrosulphite charge were small and not likely to be felt in a mill setting. To monitor wood quality entering the mill, an online chip sensor was installed and used to monitor chip properties: bark, extractives, density, pine (blue), pine (clear), spruce, miscellaneous species, moisture and brightness. The chip-sensor calibrations that were developed were good for chip moisture content and miscellaneous species content, and fair for extractives content and pine (blue) content. Good calibrations were not obtained for the remaining five chip properties, in part because of low variability in the calibration samples. There was large short-term variability of most predicted chip properties, with the exception of chip density and brightness. However, the influence of short-term chip property variability on the unbleached TMP properties was small due to the chip handling and storage between the chip sensor and the TMP operation, which resulted in the chips being mixed within the process and damped the impact of variability. The long-term variability of chip properties was small, and the chip sensor did not detect any major changes in the chip supply over the long term, in terms of bark content, species mix, density, extractives, moisture and brightness. The unbleached TMP properties were strongly influenced by operating conditions, such as refiner plate time, primary and secondary refining energies, reject refining power and production. These operating effects had a stronger impact on TMP quality than did the incoming-chip