on doit toutefois – English Translation – Keybot Dictionary

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  Cour suprême du Canada ...  
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Le fait que l’orientation sexuelle ne fasse pas expressément partie de l’énumération des formes proscrites de discrimination peut indiquer un degré moindre de protection en matière d’évaluation de la cause raisonnable; on doit toutefois souligner qu’il ne faut pas nécessairement en déduire que l’expression «cause raisonnable» doit être interprétée restrictivement.
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The British Columbia Code is silent as to “sexual orientation”, but it is precisely because the British Columbia Code goes well beyond its counterparts in other provinces that the present case got before the board of inquiry. The absence of sexual orientation from the list of specifically proscribed forms of discrimination may indicate a lesser degree of protection in the weighing of reasonable cause, but it must be emphasized that there is no necessary limitation upon “reasonable cause” to be read into the statute by the mere absence of reference to sexual orientation.
  Cour suprême du Canada ...  
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Il s'ensuit que tous ces textes sont, et ont toujours été, nuls et inopérants en droit. On doit toutefois tenir compte du fait que, depuis 1986, une nouvelle ville nommée Rouyn‑Noranda existe et opère sur la foi de présumées lettres patentes établissant sa constitution.
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All of the instruments in question were printed and published in the French language only, or were not officially published at all.  Clearly, therefore, the requirements of s. 133 were not complied with.  It follows that all of them are, and have always been, nullities and of no legal force and effect.  One cannot ignore, however, that, de facto, a new city of Rouyn-Noranda has been in existence since 1986, operating on the faith of purported letters patent establishing its constitution.  This purported municipal constitution, and consequently all acts performed pursuant to it are, and have been, illegal and of no force and effect.
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Évidemment, les policiers procéderont différemment dans le cas d'un suspect qu'ils savent armé et dangereux qu'ils ne le feront dans le cas d'une arrestation pour non‑paiement de contraventions. On doit toutefois fixer des limites précises à la prise en considération de la possibilité de violence.
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In the passage from Therens quoted earlier, Le Dain J. made the point that the assessment of the seriousness of a constitutional violation must take into account the reasons for the conduct.  He gave the example of a situation of urgency, where rapid action is necessary to prevent the loss or destruction of evidence.  To this I would add another factor that can be considered, whether the circumstances of the case show a real threat of violent behaviour, whether directed at the police or third parties.  Obviously, the police will use a different approach when the suspect is known to be armed and dangerous than they will in arresting someone for outstanding traffic tickets. The consideration of the possibility of violence must, however, be carefully limited.  It should not amount to a carte blanche for the police to ignore completely all restrictions on police behaviour.  The greater the departure from the standards of behaviour required by the common law and the Charter, the heavier the onus on the police to show why they thought it necessary to use force in the process of an arrest or a search.  The evidence to justify such behaviour must be apparent in the record, and must have been available to the police at the time they chose their course of conduct.  The Crown cannot rely on ex post facto justifications.
  Cour suprême du Canada ...  
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Puisqu'aucun de ces textes n'est conforme à cet article, ils sont, et ont toujours été, nuls et inopérants en droit. On doit toutefois tenir compte du fait que, depuis 1986, une nouvelle ville existe et opère sur la foi de présumées lettres patentes établissant sa constitution.
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The National Assembly of Quebec has attempted to divide the legislative process into a number of discrete steps, and then to claim that each of these individual steps, considered in isolation, lacks a legislative character. The requirements of s. 133 cannot be circumvented by the disingenuous division of the legislative process in this manner. If the net effect of a series of discrete acts has a legislative character, then each of these component acts will also be imbued with this same character. Here, all of the instruments challenged were part of a process which, when viewed in its entirety, was undoubtedly legislative.  Accordingly, all of them were subject to the requirements of s. 133. Since none of the instruments complied with that section, they are, and always have been, nullities and of no legal force and effect. One cannot ignore, however, that, de facto, a new city has been in existence since 1986, operating on the faith of purported letters patent establishing its constitution.  This is an appropriate case for this Court to exercise its suspensive power by declaring that the instruments in this appeal, while invalid for non‑compliance with s. 133, shall continue in force for a period of time in order to permit the National Assembly to take whatever steps it sees fit to remedy the constitutional defects.  This period of time shall be for one year from the date of this judgment.
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[TRADUCTION]  Dans le cas d'un tribunal quasi judiciaire tenu, dans toute la force du concept, au respect des principes de justice naturelle, cela constituerait une allégation de partialité pouvant justifier l'annulation de la décision. On doit toutefois tenir compte de la nature de l'organisme chargé d'examiner la question.
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In respect of a quasi-judicial tribunal in the fullest sense of that concept required to adhere to principles of natural justice this would amount to an allegation of bias such as might be ground for quashing the decision.  But regard must be had to the nature of the body reviewing the matter.  A municipal council is an elected body having a legislative function within a limited and delegated jurisdiction.  Under the democratic process the elected representatives are expected to form views as to matters of public policy affecting the municipality.  Indeed, they will have been elected in order to give effect to public views as to important policies to be effected in the community....  They are not Judges, but legislators from whom the ultimate recourse is to the electorate.  Once having given notice and fairly heard the objections, the Council is of course free to decide as it sees fit in the public interest.