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  Effects of hops on  
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Nous avons ajouté des pastilles de houblon entier moulu (var. Teamaker) dans des cultures ruminales en discontinu (500 mg de substrat + 40 mL de ferment) de fourrage pur, de grain d’orge, de ration totale mélangée (RTM) de croissance (RC) et de ration totale mélangée de finition (RF) pour bovins d’engraissement.
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Four in vitro incubations were conducted to assess the potential of hops (Humulus lupulus) as an alternative to antimicrobials for improving ruminant production. Ground whole hops (var. Teamaker) pellets were included in batch culture ruminal incubations (500 mg substrate + 40 mL inoculum) of pure forage, barley grain and total mixed rations (TMR) of growing (GD) and finishing (FD) diets for feedlot cattle. The TMR contained (DM basis) barley silage:barley grain in ratios of 55:40 (GD) or 9:86 (FD). Hops were included in cultures with pure forage and barley grain at 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/mL and with GD or FD at 0, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 μg/mL. Incubations with GD or FD were prepared with and without polyethylene glycol (PEG) to define the effects of hop condensed tannins (CT) on ruminal fermentation. Adding PEG did not alter n vitro fermentation suggesting that hops CT at the concentrations used did not influence microbial activity. With hops inclusion, gas production from barley grain was linearly increased (P < 0.05) but it linearly decreased (P < 0.001) for all the other substrates over the entire incubation period (24 or 48-h). True DM disappearance (DMD) from pure forage, starch true digestibility (STD) from barley grain and apparent DMD from FD at the end of the respective incubation were linearly increased (P < 0.05) with increasing hops content. A quadratic (P < 0.001) reduction of MN in pure forage was observed with hops, but it was linearly increased (P < 0.001) from barley grain. Hops linearly increased (P < 0.001) volatile fatty acids production from FD but it was linearly reduced (P < 0.001) in the GD. The acetate:propionate ratio was quadratically reduced (P < 0.001; lowest at 400 μg/mL) with GD and with FD (P < 0.001; lowest at 800 μg/mL) as the concentration of hops increased. Hops quadratically (P < 0.05) decreased methane production as per unit of digested DM irrespective of the type of substrate incubated. Effects of whole hops on ruminal fermentation were diet and dose dependent. Inclusion of hops in ruminants may offer a means of decreasing ruminal methane emissions without compromising fermentability of feed. However, its efficacy on in vivo rumen fermentation and animal performance deserves further research.
  Effects of hops on  
Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen
Nous avons ajouté des pastilles de houblon entier moulu (var. Teamaker) dans des cultures ruminales en discontinu (500 mg de substrat + 40 mL de ferment) de fourrage pur, de grain d’orge, de ration totale mélangée (RTM) de croissance (RC) et de ration totale mélangée de finition (RF) pour bovins d’engraissement.
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigenagr.ca als Prioritätsdomäne definieren
Four in vitro incubations were conducted to assess the potential of hops (Humulus lupulus) as an alternative to antimicrobials for improving ruminant production. Ground whole hops (var. Teamaker) pellets were included in batch culture ruminal incubations (500 mg substrate + 40 mL inoculum) of pure forage, barley grain and total mixed rations (TMR) of growing (GD) and finishing (FD) diets for feedlot cattle. The TMR contained (DM basis) barley silage:barley grain in ratios of 55:40 (GD) or 9:86 (FD). Hops were included in cultures with pure forage and barley grain at 0, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/mL and with GD or FD at 0, 200, 400, 800 and 1600 μg/mL. Incubations with GD or FD were prepared with and without polyethylene glycol (PEG) to define the effects of hop condensed tannins (CT) on ruminal fermentation. Adding PEG did not alter n vitro fermentation suggesting that hops CT at the concentrations used did not influence microbial activity. With hops inclusion, gas production from barley grain was linearly increased (P < 0.05) but it linearly decreased (P < 0.001) for all the other substrates over the entire incubation period (24 or 48-h). True DM disappearance (DMD) from pure forage, starch true digestibility (STD) from barley grain and apparent DMD from FD at the end of the respective incubation were linearly increased (P < 0.05) with increasing hops content. A quadratic (P < 0.001) reduction of MN in pure forage was observed with hops, but it was linearly increased (P < 0.001) from barley grain. Hops linearly increased (P < 0.001) volatile fatty acids production from FD but it was linearly reduced (P < 0.001) in the GD. The acetate:propionate ratio was quadratically reduced (P < 0.001; lowest at 400 μg/mL) with GD and with FD (P < 0.001; lowest at 800 μg/mL) as the concentration of hops increased. Hops quadratically (P < 0.05) decreased methane production as per unit of digested DM irrespective of the type of substrate incubated. Effects of whole hops on ruminal fermentation were diet and dose dependent. Inclusion of hops in ruminants may offer a means of decreasing ruminal methane emissions without compromising fermentability of feed. However, its efficacy on in vivo rumen fermentation and animal performance deserves further research.
  Use of  
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Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé six vaches multipares pourvues d’une fistule ruminale (poids = 685 ± 65 kg; [moyenne ± écart-type]) en milieu de lactation (de 70 à 148 jours de lactation) que nous avons traitées, suivant un plan en carré latin répété 3 × 3, comme suit : 1) ration totale mélangée (RTM, témoin),
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The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of Prevotella bryantii 25A as a probiotic during a subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenge using a commercial probiotic as a positive control. Six multiparous ruminally fistulated cows (BW = 685 ± 65 kg; (mean ± SD) in the mid-phase of lactation (70 to 148 DIM) received the following treatments in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design: (1) total mixed ration (TMR; control, CON), (2) TMR + 2 g/head per day of a probiotic combination of Enterococcus faecium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (EFSC), or (3) TMR + Prevotella bryantii 25A. The Latin square consisted of 3 wk of adaptation to the respective treatments during which the animals were fed ad libitum once per day a conventional early-lactation TMR and 1.5 kg of hay. The adaptation was followed by 4 d of SARA (no hay) and 10 d of rest (adaptation diet without probiotics). Dry matter intake and milk production were depressed during SARA (22.0 and 31.8 kg/d, respectively) compared with adaptation (24.4 and 34.0 kg/d, respectively) and did not recover during rest (22.3 and 30.7 kg/d, respectively). During SARA, P. bryantii 25A had no effect on rumen pH, whereas EFSC reduced the percentage of time with pH <6.0 (71%) compared with CON (85%) and increased maximum pH. The EFSC treatment tended to increase mean pH over 24 h (5.65) compared with CON (5.45). Proportion of time with pH <5.6 tended to be lower with EFSC (46%) than with CON (62%). Populations of bacteria considered to be the most important cellulose digesters in the rumen (Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus, and Fibrobacter succinogenes) were also monitored during these treatments using culture-independent realtime PCR methods. The population of R. flavefaciens was similar between the 2 feeding phases, whereas F. succinogenes and R. albus were lower during SARA compared with rest. In light of the present study, P. bryantii 25A did not prove to be an effective preventative for SARA. The role of EFSC in regulating rumen pH was confirmed, with a possible effect of maintaining R. flavefaciens populations during SARA.
  Use of  
Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen
Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé six vaches multipares pourvues d’une fistule ruminale (poids = 685 ± 65 kg; [moyenne ± écart-type]) en milieu de lactation (de 70 à 148 jours de lactation) que nous avons traitées, suivant un plan en carré latin répété 3 × 3, comme suit : 1) ration totale mélangée (RTM, témoin),
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigenagr.ca als Prioritätsdomäne definieren
The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of Prevotella bryantii 25A as a probiotic during a subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenge using a commercial probiotic as a positive control. Six multiparous ruminally fistulated cows (BW = 685 ± 65 kg; (mean ± SD) in the mid-phase of lactation (70 to 148 DIM) received the following treatments in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design: (1) total mixed ration (TMR; control, CON), (2) TMR + 2 g/head per day of a probiotic combination of Enterococcus faecium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (EFSC), or (3) TMR + Prevotella bryantii 25A. The Latin square consisted of 3 wk of adaptation to the respective treatments during which the animals were fed ad libitum once per day a conventional early-lactation TMR and 1.5 kg of hay. The adaptation was followed by 4 d of SARA (no hay) and 10 d of rest (adaptation diet without probiotics). Dry matter intake and milk production were depressed during SARA (22.0 and 31.8 kg/d, respectively) compared with adaptation (24.4 and 34.0 kg/d, respectively) and did not recover during rest (22.3 and 30.7 kg/d, respectively). During SARA, P. bryantii 25A had no effect on rumen pH, whereas EFSC reduced the percentage of time with pH <6.0 (71%) compared with CON (85%) and increased maximum pH. The EFSC treatment tended to increase mean pH over 24 h (5.65) compared with CON (5.45). Proportion of time with pH <5.6 tended to be lower with EFSC (46%) than with CON (62%). Populations of bacteria considered to be the most important cellulose digesters in the rumen (Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus, and Fibrobacter succinogenes) were also monitored during these treatments using culture-independent realtime PCR methods. The population of R. flavefaciens was similar between the 2 feeding phases, whereas F. succinogenes and R. albus were lower during SARA compared with rest. In light of the present study, P. bryantii 25A did not prove to be an effective preventative for SARA. The role of EFSC in regulating rumen pH was confirmed, with a possible effect of maintaining R. flavefaciens populations during SARA.
  Use of  
Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen
Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé six vaches multipares pourvues d’une fistule ruminale (poids = 685 ± 65 kg; [moyenne ± écart-type]) en milieu de lactation (de 70 à 148 jours de lactation) que nous avons traitées, suivant un plan en carré latin répété 3 × 3, comme suit : 1) ration totale mélangée (RTM, témoin),
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigenagr.ca als Prioritätsdomäne definieren
The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of Prevotella bryantii 25A as a probiotic during a subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenge using a commercial probiotic as a positive control. Six multiparous ruminally fistulated cows (BW = 685 ± 65 kg; (mean ± SD) in the mid-phase of lactation (70 to 148 DIM) received the following treatments in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design: (1) total mixed ration (TMR; control, CON), (2) TMR + 2 g/head per day of a probiotic combination of Enterococcus faecium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (EFSC), or (3) TMR + Prevotella bryantii 25A. The Latin square consisted of 3 wk of adaptation to the respective treatments during which the animals were fed ad libitum once per day a conventional early-lactation TMR and 1.5 kg of hay. The adaptation was followed by 4 d of SARA (no hay) and 10 d of rest (adaptation diet without probiotics). Dry matter intake and milk production were depressed during SARA (22.0 and 31.8 kg/d, respectively) compared with adaptation (24.4 and 34.0 kg/d, respectively) and did not recover during rest (22.3 and 30.7 kg/d, respectively). During SARA, P. bryantii 25A had no effect on rumen pH, whereas EFSC reduced the percentage of time with pH <6.0 (71%) compared with CON (85%) and increased maximum pH. The EFSC treatment tended to increase mean pH over 24 h (5.65) compared with CON (5.45). Proportion of time with pH <5.6 tended to be lower with EFSC (46%) than with CON (62%). Populations of bacteria considered to be the most important cellulose digesters in the rumen (Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus, and Fibrobacter succinogenes) were also monitored during these treatments using culture-independent realtime PCR methods. The population of R. flavefaciens was similar between the 2 feeding phases, whereas F. succinogenes and R. albus were lower during SARA compared with rest. In light of the present study, P. bryantii 25A did not prove to be an effective preventative for SARA. The role of EFSC in regulating rumen pH was confirmed, with a possible effect of maintaining R. flavefaciens populations during SARA.
  Use of  
Text zeigenZeige Ausgangstext im CacheURL mit Ausgangstext zeigen
Pour ce faire, nous avons utilisé six vaches multipares pourvues d’une fistule ruminale (poids = 685 ± 65 kg; [moyenne ± écart-type]) en milieu de lactation (de 70 à 148 jours de lactation) que nous avons traitées, suivant un plan en carré latin répété 3 × 3, comme suit : 1) ration totale mélangée (RTM, témoin),
Textseiten vergleichenHTM-Seiten vergleichenURL mit Ausgangstext zeigenURL mit Zielsprache zeigenagr.ca als Prioritätsdomäne definieren
The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of Prevotella bryantii 25A as a probiotic during a subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) challenge using a commercial probiotic as a positive control. Six multiparous ruminally fistulated cows (BW = 685 ± 65 kg; (mean ± SD) in the mid-phase of lactation (70 to 148 DIM) received the following treatments in a replicated 3 × 3 Latin square design: (1) total mixed ration (TMR; control, CON), (2) TMR + 2 g/head per day of a probiotic combination of Enterococcus faecium and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (EFSC), or (3) TMR + Prevotella bryantii 25A. The Latin square consisted of 3 wk of adaptation to the respective treatments during which the animals were fed ad libitum once per day a conventional early-lactation TMR and 1.5 kg of hay. The adaptation was followed by 4 d of SARA (no hay) and 10 d of rest (adaptation diet without probiotics). Dry matter intake and milk production were depressed during SARA (22.0 and 31.8 kg/d, respectively) compared with adaptation (24.4 and 34.0 kg/d, respectively) and did not recover during rest (22.3 and 30.7 kg/d, respectively). During SARA, P. bryantii 25A had no effect on rumen pH, whereas EFSC reduced the percentage of time with pH <6.0 (71%) compared with CON (85%) and increased maximum pH. The EFSC treatment tended to increase mean pH over 24 h (5.65) compared with CON (5.45). Proportion of time with pH <5.6 tended to be lower with EFSC (46%) than with CON (62%). Populations of bacteria considered to be the most important cellulose digesters in the rumen (Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus, and Fibrobacter succinogenes) were also monitored during these treatments using culture-independent realtime PCR methods. The population of R. flavefaciens was similar between the 2 feeding phases, whereas F. succinogenes and R. albus were lower during SARA compared with rest. In light of the present study, P. bryantii 25A did not prove to be an effective preventative for SARA. The role of EFSC in regulating rumen pH was confirmed, with a possible effect of maintaining R. flavefaciens populations during SARA.