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In, California, Wyoming, and Colorado deer underpasses were constructed to allow major deer migrations to move between critical summer and winter ranges along several State routes and Interstate highways. Deer-proof fencing and one-way gates were installed on rights-of-way adjacent to major deer movement corridors to keep deer off the highway and to channel them to crossing structures. In California, a fencing application in areas with kit fox and coyotes provides a gap under the fence just large enough for the kit fox to negotiate at full run so that they can escape predators such as the coyote. Passage monitoring and road kill data are used in the above jurisdictions as indicators of crossing structures effectiveness, and their impact on habitat connectivity and reducing road kill.
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