zones urbaines – English Translation – Keybot Dictionary

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  Femmes sud-africaines p...  
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Bien que les femmes qui travaillaient dans les zones urbaines a domicile nouvelles tactiques, idées et des informations quand ils sont retournés aux réserves, ils ont été simplement contribuer à une dynamique qui s'étaient rassemblés là sur ses propres.
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In rural areas, resistance to the pass laws was largely spontaneous.[7] Predictably, the government charged that the unrest there was due to the work of ‘outside agitators’, but the rural women were, for the most part, acting on their own initiative and according to their own understanding of how the extension of the pass laws would affect their lives. Although women who worked in urban areas brought home new tactics, insights and information when they returned to the reserves, they were simply contributing to a momentum that had gathered on its own there.
  Femmes sud-africaines p...  
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En vertu de la présente loi, les nombreux documents africains de sexe masculin avaient dû transporter a étaient remplacés par un document unique, le livre de référence, qui contient des informations sur leur identité, emploi, lieu de résidence légale, paiement des impôts et, le cas échéant, permission d'être dans les zones urbaines.
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In 1951, one-fifth of African women already lived in the cities of South Africa.[3] In 1952, the same year that African women became subject to strict influx control measures, the Natives Abolition of Passes and Coordination of Documents Act was passed. Under this act, the numerous documents African men had been required to carry were replaced by a single document, the reference book, which contained information about their identity, employment, place of legal residence, payment of taxes and, if applicable, permission to be in urban areas. The act further stipulated that African women, at an unspecified date, would be required to carry reference books.[4]
  Femmes sud-africaines p...  
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Militantisme féminin, niveau d'organisation dans les zones urbaines et la facilité avec laquelle ils jeté leur rôle subalterne attendue fut un choc pour les autorités, bon nombre des hommes et même certaines femmes elles-mêmes.
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The response to the new pass law by thousands of African women was unprecedented. Many had never before been involved in political protests or demonstrations. The women’s militancy, level of organization in the urban areas and the ease with which they discarded their expected subordinate role came as a shock to the authorities, many of the men and even some of the women themselves.
  Femmes sud-africaines p...  
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Dans les zones urbaines, campagnes anti-livret des femmes étaient principalement organisés par le Congrès National africain (ANC) Femmes ’ s Ligue et la Fédération non raciale des femmes de l'Afrique du Sud (FEDSAW ou bulletin FSAW).
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In urban areas, the women’s anti-passbook campaigns were primarily organized by the African National Congress (ANC) Women’s League and the non-racial Federation of South African Women (FEDSAW or FSAW). FEDSAW was founded in 1954. It was the first attempt to establish a broad-based women’s organization, without any particular political affiliation, though it was supported by some political organizations, clandestine and otherwise: the Communist party (prohibited in 1950) and the ANC (banned in 1960). 146 delegates, representing 230,000 women from all parts of South Africa, attended the founding conference of FEDSAW and pledged their support for the general campaigns of the Congress Alliance.