zoonotique – English Translation – Keybot Dictionary

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  Streptococcus suis  
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Le Streptococcus suis de type 2 est un important pathogène des porcins ainsi qu’un agent zoonotique qui peut causer la méningite tant chez le porc que chez l’humain. Il infecte son hôte par les voies respiratoires, atteint la circulation sanguine et y persiste jusqu’à ce qu’il réussisse à s’introduire dans le système nerveux central.
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Streptococcus suis type 2 is a major swine pathogen and a zoonotic agent, causing meningitis both in swine and humans. S. suis infects the host through the respiratory route, reaches the bloodstream and persists until breaching into the central nervous system. The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) of S. suis type 2 is considered a key virulence factor of the bacteria. Though CPS allows S. suis to adhere to the membrane of cells of the immune system, it provides protection against phagocytosis. In fact, non-encapsulated mutants are easily internalized and killed by macrophages and dendritic cells. The objective of this work was to study the molecular mechanisms by which the CPS of S. suis prevents phagocytosis. By using latex beads covalently linked with purified CPS, it was shown that CPS itself was sufficient to inhibit entry of both latex beads and bystander fluorescent beads into macrophages. Upon contact with macrophages, encapsulated S. suis was shown to destabilize lipid microdomains at the cell surface, to block nitric oxide (NO) production during infection, and to prevent lactosylceramide accumulation at the phagocytic cup during infection. In contrast, the non-encapsulated mutant was easily internalized via lipid rafts, in a filipin sensitive manner, leading to lactosylceramide recruitment and strong NO production. This is the first report to identify a role for CPS in lipid microdomain stability and to recognize an interaction between S. suis and lactosylceramide in phagocytes.
  Development and Evaluat...  
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On s’inquiète de plus en plus de la transmission zoonotique de virus entériques animaux tels que le calicivirus, le virus de l’hépatite E et le rotavirus, qui sont étroitement apparentés à des souches pathogènes pour l’humain.
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There are increasing concerns of zoonotic transmission of some animal enteric viruses, such as calicivirus, hepatitis E virus, and rotavirus, which are closely related to human pathogenic strains. Most enteric viruses are detected by molecular techniques because they cannot be cultured. Surrogates such as F-RNA coliphages are cultivable but few molecular methods exist. Individual real-time TaqMan RT-PCR assays for the replicase gene of F-RNA coliphage genogroups I and IV were developed and multiplexed with a real-time TaqMan RT-PCR assay for feline calicivirus as a sample process control for the simultaneous detection and enumeration of genogroup I and IV F-RNA coliphages. Genogroup IV were successfully detected with the multiplexed assay in 80% of fecal samples that contained F-RNA coliphage levels ≥3.2 log plaque forming units (pfu). F-RNA coliphage were at or below the limit of detection in most fecal samples when levels were ≤4 log pfu/g.