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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	8. Quando fu costruito il Colosseo?
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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	In epoca tardo-antica la Basilicata Argentaria fu sede di una scuola, come attestano i graffiti con versi tratti dall’Eneide, ancora visibili sull’intonaco delle pareti.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine capitolium.org as primary domain	In the late antique epoch the Basilicata Argentaria was used as a school, as attested by graffiti of verses from the Aeneid. These are still visible on the plaster of the walls.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	5. Quando fu assassinato Cesare?
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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	11. Quale fenomeno della natura ci fu al concepimento di Romolo e Remo?
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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	7. Quando fu autorizzato ufficialmente il Cristianesimo?
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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	La Colonna Traiana è costruita in blocchi colossali di marmo, scavati all’interno per ricavare la tomba dell’Imperatore nel basamento e una scala a chiocciola che sale fino alla sommità nel fusto. Il basamento fu scolpito, dopo la messa in opera, con pannelli con armi accatastate.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine capitolium.org as primary domain	The Trajan Column is constructed of giant marble blocks and a spiral staircase leading to the top. The base, excavated inside to re-excavate the tomb, was sculpted with panels of stacked Dacian arms.

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Originariamente i teatri erano costruiti in legno e dunque spesso erano distrutti dagli incendi. Il primo teatro in pietra fu costruito nel 55 a.C. da Pompeo, non lontano dalla Curia di Pompeo stesso, luogo dell'uccisione di Giulio Cesare.

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Originally theaters were constructed of wood and therefore often destroyed by fires. The first stone theater was constructed in 55 B.C. by Pompey, not far from the same Pompey's Curia (senate house) where Julius Caesar was killed. The Marcellus theater inaugurated in 11 B.C., was a place renowned for its quality of performances. But there were also other theaters all over the Empire, from west to east.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Spesso i giochi erano eccessi di violenza e sopruso, come quando Caligola mandò a combattere innocenti presi tra il pubblico perché i gladiatori si erano uccisi troppo velocemente: ai disgraziati fu tagliata la lingua affinché non potessero chiamare aiuto.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine capitolium.org as primary domain	The games were often too violent and abusive, like the time when Caligula (37-41 A.D.) sent innocent people from the public to battle because the gladiators were being killed off too fast: the unfortunate had their tongues cut off so they could not yell for help.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Il Colosseo, l'anfiteatro Flavio, fu costruito dal 70 d.C. in dieci anni; era il più grande e magnifico monumento dedicato ai giochi coi suoi 50 metri su 4 piani, con un diametro di 188 metri, costruito con 100.000 metri cubi di marmo travertino e 300 tonnellate di ferro, capace di oltre 50.000 posti a sedere.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine capitolium.org as primary domain	The Coliseum, or Flavian amphitheater, was constructed in 70 A.D. in ten years; it was the largest and most magnificent monument dedicated to the games with 50 meters on 4 floors, a diameter of 188 meters, constructed with 100,000 cubic meters of travertine marble and 300 tons of iron, and a capacity with over 50,000 places to sit.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Tratto dal romanzo del Cardinale Nicholas Wiseman e sceneggiato da quattordici persone, tra cui Cesare Zavattini, Emilio Cecchi e Suso Cecchi D’Amico, fu il primo colosso italiano del dopoguerra e il primo nella classifica degli incassi nella stagione 1948-49.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine capitolium.org as primary domain	Based on the novel by Cardinal Nicholas Wiseman and dramatized by 14 people including Cesare Zavattini, Emilio Cecchi and Suso Cecchi D’Amico. It was the first Italain colossal film after the war and the first film of the 1948-49 season. An expensive film (500 million dollars), it created a scandal for the sexy scene with Michèle Morgan.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Dopo la metà del XIII secolo, il palazzo fu demolito e la torre originaria venne inglobata per due terzi della sua altezza da una spessa struttura di cementizio rivestita all’interno di mattoni. Ne risultava una nuova torre a tre corpi rientrati, quello superiore costituito dall’estremità della torre primitiva.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine capitolium.org as primary domain	During the first half of the XIII century, the palace was destroyed while the original tower, two-thirds of its original height, was re-defined into cement covered brick. The result was a new tower with three entrance bodies; the upper level consisted of the orginal tower. This part fell down after an earthquake while the preserved areas of the Tower of Militia still remain.

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Il Circo Massimo fu l'edificio più grandioso per spettacoli pubblici mai costruito. Ornato di statue, decorato di metalli nobili, era il luogo per assistere alle corse coi carri. Lungo 650 metri e largo 125, aveva 150.000 posti a sedere inizialmente.

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The Circus Maximus was the most grandiose building for public performances ever constructed. Adorned with statues and decorated with noble metals, this place was used for chariot races. 650 meters long by 125 meters wide, it initially had 150,000 places to sit. After the reconstruction that Trajan wanted between 100-104 A.D., available seats expanded to 350,000. Many businesses and stores were located in the Circus Maximus. The races that took place had precise rules that resulted in violence, much appreciated by the public.

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Cesare, in gioventù, era famoso per la magnificenza dei giochi da lui organizzati, poiché faceva combattere centinaia di gladiatori. I suoi avversari politici furono preoccupati dall'ambizione di questo nuovo avversario, ma egli riuscì a farsi la fama di generoso amico del popolo.

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During his youth, Caesar was famous for the magnificant games he organized, as he had hundreds of gladiators fighting eachother. His political opponents were worried about the ambitions of this new rival, but he still established a reputation as a generous friend to the public. Caesar organized these games by borrowing a lot of money that was in turn well invested into propoganda earning him important positions in office. Consequently, these postions enabled him to pay back every cent that he had borrowed.

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Il potere romano era tollerante verso le religioni, tranne in casi in cui si sfociava in ribellione, come nel 70 a.C. quando gli Ebrei si ribellarono in Giudea al dominio di Roma, dopo la distruzione del loro Tempio. Il popolo ebraico fu allora privato di gran parte della Terra Santa.

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Roman power was tolerant toward religion, with the exception of cases that resulted in riots, like in 70 B.C. when the Jewish rebelled in Judaea against the rule of Rome after one of their temples was destroyed. The Jewish population was deprived in a large part of the Holy Land. The consequences were various, with the "Zealots" (those with weapons in hand, ready to combat against the "evil" Roman kingdom) and the "Essenes", lead by Jesus of the Nazareth and John the Baptist. Given the unstable political determination for a new religion, Rome became more violent, condemning to death those responsible- as in the case of Jesus of the Nazareth. This event initiated the birth of Christianity.

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Anche Traiano, nel 107 d.C., in occasione della vittoria contro i Daci, organizzò combattimenti con oltre 10.000 gladiatori in un periodo di feste lungo 123 giorni, durante il quale furono uccise 11.000 belve.

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With time the public became more demanding and began organizing performances that were even more costly and magnificent: Octavian Augustus, Caesar's adopted son and prince of Rome, organized "extraordinary" games where 10,000 men battled against 3,500 wild animals from Africa. Also, in 107 A.D., Trajan, on occasion of the victory against the Dacians, organized battles of over 10,000 gladiators that lasted 123 festival days and in which 11,000 wild animals were killed. This record was never to be exceeded, since Trajan walked away from these battles with a sum of 10,000,000 kilos of gold, 20 million kilos of silver, and 500,000 slaves.

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Fu Giovenale a coniare questo sistema, meccanismo di potere influentissimo sulle masse romane. "Panem et Circenses", letteralmente "pane e giochi" era la formula del benessere popolare e quindi politico: distribuzione di generi alimentari, bagni e terme pubbliche da un lato, gladiatori, belve esotiche, corse coi carri, competizioni sportive e rappresentazioni teatrali dall'altro lato.

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It was Juvenal that coined this system, a mechanism of influential power over the Roman mass. "Panem et Circensus", literally "bread and circuses", was the formula for the well-being of the population, and thus a political strategy. This formula offered a variety of pleasures such as: the distribution of food, public baths, gladiators, exotic animals, chariot races, sports competition, and theater representation. It was an efficient instrument in the hands of the Emperors to keep the population peaceful, and at the same time giving them the opportunity to voice themselves in these places of performance.