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  DIE: Column "Who wants ...  
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Die „Pariser Erklärung“, die einige Schlagkraft entwickelt hat, konnte einen Makel nicht überwinden: Sie galt als „geberlastig“, weil die Initiative von einer dafür geschaffenen OECD-Arbeitsgruppe getragen wurde.
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The Global Partnership for Development Effectiveness, though still in its infancy, is now the main international mechanism for norms and standards in development cooperation. The Paris Declaration, which has developed considerable authority, has been unable to overcome one blemish: it has been seen as “donor-heavy”, because responsibility for the initiative was assumed by an OECD working group set up for the purpose. Formed in mid-2012, the Global Partnership was meant to overcome this disadvantage by installing new structures. In this case, too, Britain succeeded in procuring the role of co-chair of the partnership on behalf of the donor group.
  DIE: Osama bin Laden an...  
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Doch erinnern wir uns: Nur drei Monate nach den von Osama Bin Laden verantworteten Terroranschlägen auf New York und Washington vom 11. September 2001 wurde in Doha, Katar, die erste multilaterale Verhandlungsrunde in der 1995 neugegründeten Welthandelsorganisation WTO eingeläutet. Die Staatengemeinschaft fühlte sich zur Solidarität mit den USA aufgefordert, und es galt, die Funktionsfähigkeit der Weltwirtschaftsordnung und ihrer Institutionen unter Beweis zu stellen.
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At first sight, it may seem far-fetched to see a link between the icon of Islamist terrorism and the WTO Development Round. But let us not forget that a mere three months after the terrorist attacks on New York and Washington on 11 September 2001, for which Osama bin Laden claimed responsibility, the first multilateral round of negotiations in the WTO, the World Trade Organisation, newly established in 1995, began in Doha, Qatar. The international community felt the need to express its solidarity with the USA and to demonstrate that the world economic order and its institutions were able to function. At the same time, the fear of global recession was to be countered with a further round of trade liberalisation.
  Uni Bonn: Arktis – Wie ...  
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Immer wieder gab es Streit um die traditionelle Robbenjagd der kanadischen indigenen Bevölkerung. Bereits in den 1980er Jahren galt ein Importverbot der Europäischen Union. Im Jahr 2010 kam es erneut zu einem EU-Handelsverbot mit Robbenfleisch, Fellen und anderen Produkten, was zu Klagen Kanadas gegen den Handelsstopp vor dem Europäischen Gerichtshof und der Welthandelsorganisation führte.
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There are many tensions that directly affect the Arctic due to various interests, sometimes also due to conflicting aims. For example, efforts to save the environment from further exploitation while also protecting the indigenous peoples are fraught with crisis. There have been repeated disputes over traditional seal hunting by the indigenous Canadian population. Even in the 1980s, there was a ban on imports by the European Union. There was once again an EU trade ban on seal meat, furs and other products in 2010, which led to Canada’s case against the trade ban before the Court of Justice of the European Union and the World Trade Organization dispute settlement system. The conflict has still not been resolved with complete satisfaction.
  DIE: Protecting human r...  
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Oft wird diese Fassade in Kauf genommen. Während des Kalten Krieges zum Beispiel galt es, die Despoten im jeweiligen Lager zu halten (z. B. in Zaire, Angola, Nicaragua). Heute fällt es einer aktiven Menschenrechtspolitik häufig schwer, sich gegenüber Wirtschafts- und Sicherheitsinteressen zu behaupten.
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There are many reasons for this, some being sufficiently well known: as a rule, the desire of the ruling elites of many countries to hang on to power is incompatible with postulated human and civil rights. Under authoritarian regimes in particular, as in Ethiopia and Egypt, despots cannot give them any room if they are not to endanger their claim to power. Lists of human rights degenerate into a façade because such countries lack the independent and effective national control mechanisms needed to enforce them. This façade is frequently tolerated. During the Cold War, for example, the aim was to keep the despots on side (as in Zaire, Angola and Nicaragua). Today an active human rights policy often has a hard time holding its own against economic and security interests.
  DIE: Column "Two-Speed ...  
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Die neuen Akteure wollen sich aus durchaus nachvollziehbaren Gründen allerdings den – aus ihrer Sicht von westlichen Gebern dominierten – Verpflichtungen und Prozeduren nicht einfach anschließen. Dementsprechend galt es in Busan, diese neuen Akteure und Beziehungen effektiv in eine zukunftsfähige Wirksamkeitsagenda einzubinden.
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The second challenge consisted in getting new actors involved, because what is true of development policies is also recognizable regarding other international topics: the framework conditions change with racing speed, and in some cases so quickly that the political actors can no longer react appropriately. With respect to aid, these changes consist not least in the fact that many new donors, like the economically successful Asian states and private foundations (like the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation), are gaining in importance, so that those in the ‘traditional’ group of OECD donors carry palpably less weight – not least from a financial point of view. For quite understandable reasons, on the other hand, these new actors do not wish simply to tag along with obligations and procedures which – from their point of view – are dominated by the Western donors. Accordingly, the issue in Busan was to effectively integrate these new actors and relationships into a viable aid effectiveness agenda for the future.
  Loewe, Markus et al. (D...  
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Die Verträge bestimmten die Verteilung der Einkommen auf die Bürger mittels Arbeitsplätzen im Staatsdienst, Subventionen, Transfers, freier Gesundheitsfürsorge und Bildung, Wohnraum und Privilegien. Dies galt als Ausgleich für mangelnde politische Partizipation und Transparenz in Politik, Verwaltung und Justiz.
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The old social contracts of MENA countries were based on external rent income from oil, gas, gold and phosphate exports, geo-strategic rents (such as Suez Canal user fees for Egypt), remittances and development co-operation. The contracts stipulated the distribution of income to citizens through the provision of government jobs, subsidies, transfers, free health care and education, housing and privileges as compensation for the lack of political participation and transparency in politics, administration and the judiciary. But with growing populations and declining state revenues, governments became less able to fulfil their contractual obligations and had to focus spending increasingly on strategically important social groups. Citizens still had no real voice in politics, which finally drove them to the streets calling for “Bread! Freedom! Social justice!” in the 2011 Arab uprisings.