yunani – English Translation – Keybot Dictionary

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Yunani
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Arabic
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Renaissance sejarawan memandang peradaban kuno Yunani dan Roma sebagai budaya unggul dan budaya mereka sendiri sebagai kebangkitan pembelajaran klasik. Itu meninggalkan "abad pertengahan" periode sebagai saat budaya pergi ke penurunan.
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The division of world history into three parts - ancient, medieval, and modern - may describe the experience of peoples in western Europe, but not in the rest of the world. Most of the world’s population is not Christian, and only the westernmost part of Eurasia belonged to the Roman empire. Therefore, the experience of a collapsing empire followed by a universal but empireless religion and then its fracturing and replacement by a secular order is peculiar to western society. The histories of other societies show a different pattern.
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Lonjakan pertumbuhan penduduk selama milenium pertama SM terjadi terutama di Asia, Afrika utara, dan Eropa. Orang Yunani menetap daerah pesisir Mediterania, Aegea, dan laut Hitam adalah kontributor utama pertumbuhan ini.
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Because so many more people are living today than in previous periods, our sense of historical “space” should take into account not only numbers of years but the weight of populations attached to those years. The quantity of historical experience - if this concept has any validity - should follow man-years of human life. The following table shows the cumulative man-years at selected intervals of time between 10000 B.C. and 1997 A.D. By this reckoning, more “history” has been packed into the last half century than into the ten thousand years before Christ. If one wishes to divide world history between 10000 B.C. and 1999 A.D. into two equal population-weighted periods, the dividing line would be drawn at 1577 A.D. While this approach has obvious limitations, it does underscore the fact that historical experience has accelerated. One should not underestimate the importance of modern times in any scheme of world history.
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Lonjakan pertumbuhan penduduk selama milenium pertama SM terjadi terutama di Asia, Afrika utara, dan Eropa. Orang Yunani menetap daerah pesisir Mediterania, Aegea, dan laut Hitam adalah kontributor utama pertumbuhan ini.
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Because so many more people are living today than in previous periods, our sense of historical “space” should take into account not only numbers of years but the weight of populations attached to those years. The quantity of historical experience - if this concept has any validity - should follow man-years of human life. The following table shows the cumulative man-years at selected intervals of time between 10000 B.C. and 1997 A.D. By this reckoning, more “history” has been packed into the last half century than into the ten thousand years before Christ. If one wishes to divide world history between 10000 B.C. and 1999 A.D. into two equal population-weighted periods, the dividing line would be drawn at 1577 A.D. While this approach has obvious limitations, it does underscore the fact that historical experience has accelerated. One should not underestimate the importance of modern times in any scheme of world history.
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Hanya dua dinasti politik pribumi - Maurya dan Gupta - telah memerintah atas anak benua India, baik untuk waktu yang relatif singkat. Sebaliknya, masyarakat India telah diatasi dengan serangkaian penyerbu asing: nomaden Arya, Macedonia Yunani, Ephthalite Hun, Turki Muslim, Timurid Muslim, dan Eropa pedagang-petualang.
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According to a traditional Christian view, world history began with God’s creation of the world in six days. Studying the Biblical lists of generations, Archbishop Ussher of the Anglican church came to the conclusion that the world had been created in 4404 B.C. The Greek and Russian Orthodox church set the date of creation at 5509 B.C. Millennial anniversaries have raised expectations of epochal change. When mankind approached the end of the 1st millennium A.D., many expected the world to end. Clergy of the Russian Orthodox church had a similar expectation in 1492 A.D., which was seven thousand years after the supposed date of creation. Because God had created the world in seven days and one of God’s days might have been equivalent to one thousand years, it was thought possible that the world would end on August 31, 1492. Only after that date had safely passed did the Orthodox clergy do their calculations for Easter in the eighth millennium. Now, as humanity approaches the end of the 2nd millennium A.D., its doomsday thoughts center upon the possibility that a massive computer glitch may occur because an earlier generation of programmers failed to provide for more than two digits in the year’s field. Many predict an economic recession or worse in the impending Y2K catastrophe.
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Lonjakan pertumbuhan penduduk selama milenium pertama SM terjadi terutama di Asia, Afrika utara, dan Eropa. Orang Yunani menetap daerah pesisir Mediterania, Aegea, dan laut Hitam adalah kontributor utama pertumbuhan ini.
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Because so many more people are living today than in previous periods, our sense of historical “space” should take into account not only numbers of years but the weight of populations attached to those years. The quantity of historical experience - if this concept has any validity - should follow man-years of human life. The following table shows the cumulative man-years at selected intervals of time between 10000 B.C. and 1997 A.D. By this reckoning, more “history” has been packed into the last half century than into the ten thousand years before Christ. If one wishes to divide world history between 10000 B.C. and 1999 A.D. into two equal population-weighted periods, the dividing line would be drawn at 1577 A.D. While this approach has obvious limitations, it does underscore the fact that historical experience has accelerated. One should not underestimate the importance of modern times in any scheme of world history.
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Ini skema zaman pertama kali diusulkan pada abad ke-6 oleh seorang biarawan Scythian berbahasa Yunani bernama Dionysius Exiguus. Sebelum waktu itu, orang-orang tidak sadar hidup di era Kristen. Orang-orang Kristen awal yang diharapkan segera Kristus.
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Renaissance historians looked at the ancient civilization of Greece and Rome as a superior culture and their own culture as a revival of classical learning. That left the “medieval” period as a time when culture went into decline. Where Christianity had once represented historical progress, its influence was now seen as narrow, ignorant, and backward. This disdain of Christian culture deepened during the 18th century Enlightenment. Medieval society became associated with the “Dark Ages”. Yet, the Christian religion had played an important role in shaping western culture. Its epoch of dominance, occupying the middle position in European history, touched both the ancient and modern in a defining way.
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Masyarakat Syriac adalah orang tua untuk dua masyarakat generasi ketiga yang diciptakan melalui agama Islam. Syria dan Yunani (atau Graeco-Romawi) masyarakat bersama-sama melahirkan agama Kristen, yang, pada gilirannya, melahirkan tiga masyarakat generasi ketiga.
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If civilizations are analogous to plant or animal life, a society in a later generation could not advance much beyond its parent. Locked into this model, historians could not admit that contemporary society appears to be quite different than societies were in the past. Human culture seems obviously to be advancing toward new and better forms of knowledge, organization, and material equipment. We have airplanes, automobiles, and television sets while our remote ancestors had suits of armor, shields, and spears. According to Toynbee, our “western Christian” civilization has existed for nearly 1,400 years. Begun at some time during the 6th century A.D., it is still going strong. To suppose, however, that Europeans and Americans in the late 20th century belong to the same civilization as the one which existed in the time of Charlemagne taxes belief. Then, warrior kings and Popes ruled society; today, kids watch Saturday-morning cartoons on television. While Christianity is an element connecting the two cultures, many other influences also touch modern life.
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Kalender Romawi dimulai dengan berdirinya Roma pada tahun 750 SM Yunani Seleucid kekaisaran menggunakan kronologi yang dimulai dengan pendudukan Seleucus Nikator di Babel pada 311 SM Era Babel dari Nabonassar, digunakan oleh orang Yunani dari Alexandria, dimulai pada 747 SM Jika PBB memiliki derajat yang sama pengaruh dalam masyarakat dunia seperti ini kerajaan kuno memiliki di daerah mereka, kita mungkin telah dinomori ulang tanggal sejarah dunia dengan garis dasar yang ditetapkan pada tahun 1945 M. Namun, pemerintah tidak lagi seperti lembaga yang dominan , dan juga bukan agama.
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There is a reason why the best-known models of world history are rooted in religious traditions. That is because religion gives history a basis of universality. The natural tendency would be for each society to have its own history. Each society’s history would have its own developmental dynamic. World history, if it existed, would be a compilation of diverse experiences described in separate sections of a book. However, religion includes the concept of a God (or gods) who created the entire world. Judaic religion asserts that Jehovah, the tribal God of the Hebrews, is synonymous with this universal God. Therefore, the story of Jehovah’s relationship with his chosen people is also humanity’s story. If Jehovah is God, then he has power over the earth and holds in his hand the fate of all its inhabitants. God’s plan for the world is the basis of a truly universal history.
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Kalender Romawi dimulai dengan berdirinya Roma pada tahun 750 SM Yunani Seleucid kekaisaran menggunakan kronologi yang dimulai dengan pendudukan Seleucus Nikator di Babel pada 311 SM Era Babel dari Nabonassar, digunakan oleh orang Yunani dari Alexandria, dimulai pada 747 SM Jika PBB memiliki derajat yang sama pengaruh dalam masyarakat dunia seperti ini kerajaan kuno memiliki di daerah mereka, kita mungkin telah dinomori ulang tanggal sejarah dunia dengan garis dasar yang ditetapkan pada tahun 1945 M. Namun, pemerintah tidak lagi seperti lembaga yang dominan , dan juga bukan agama.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine worldhistorysite.com as primary domain
There is a reason why the best-known models of world history are rooted in religious traditions. That is because religion gives history a basis of universality. The natural tendency would be for each society to have its own history. Each society’s history would have its own developmental dynamic. World history, if it existed, would be a compilation of diverse experiences described in separate sections of a book. However, religion includes the concept of a God (or gods) who created the entire world. Judaic religion asserts that Jehovah, the tribal God of the Hebrews, is synonymous with this universal God. Therefore, the story of Jehovah’s relationship with his chosen people is also humanity’s story. If Jehovah is God, then he has power over the earth and holds in his hand the fate of all its inhabitants. God’s plan for the world is the basis of a truly universal history.
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Masyarakat Syriac adalah orang tua untuk dua masyarakat generasi ketiga yang diciptakan melalui agama Islam. Syria dan Yunani (atau Graeco-Romawi) masyarakat bersama-sama melahirkan agama Kristen, yang, pada gilirannya, melahirkan tiga masyarakat generasi ketiga.
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If civilizations are analogous to plant or animal life, a society in a later generation could not advance much beyond its parent. Locked into this model, historians could not admit that contemporary society appears to be quite different than societies were in the past. Human culture seems obviously to be advancing toward new and better forms of knowledge, organization, and material equipment. We have airplanes, automobiles, and television sets while our remote ancestors had suits of armor, shields, and spears. According to Toynbee, our “western Christian” civilization has existed for nearly 1,400 years. Begun at some time during the 6th century A.D., it is still going strong. To suppose, however, that Europeans and Americans in the late 20th century belong to the same civilization as the one which existed in the time of Charlemagne taxes belief. Then, warrior kings and Popes ruled society; today, kids watch Saturday-morning cartoons on television. While Christianity is an element connecting the two cultures, many other influences also touch modern life.
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Masyarakat Syriac adalah orang tua untuk dua masyarakat generasi ketiga yang diciptakan melalui agama Islam. Syria dan Yunani (atau Graeco-Romawi) masyarakat bersama-sama melahirkan agama Kristen, yang, pada gilirannya, melahirkan tiga masyarakat generasi ketiga.
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If civilizations are analogous to plant or animal life, a society in a later generation could not advance much beyond its parent. Locked into this model, historians could not admit that contemporary society appears to be quite different than societies were in the past. Human culture seems obviously to be advancing toward new and better forms of knowledge, organization, and material equipment. We have airplanes, automobiles, and television sets while our remote ancestors had suits of armor, shields, and spears. According to Toynbee, our “western Christian” civilization has existed for nearly 1,400 years. Begun at some time during the 6th century A.D., it is still going strong. To suppose, however, that Europeans and Americans in the late 20th century belong to the same civilization as the one which existed in the time of Charlemagne taxes belief. Then, warrior kings and Popes ruled society; today, kids watch Saturday-morning cartoons on television. While Christianity is an element connecting the two cultures, many other influences also touch modern life.
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Potensi kreatif yang telah direalisasikan. Ini bukan klasik Yunani atau Gothic Eropa, tapi waktu kekaisaran yang hampir mati. Dengan keputusan dingin dan dihitung, London bank memperketat cengkeraman mereka pada masyarakat.
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Toynbee proposed that “the intelligible unit of historical study is neither a nation state nor mankind as a whole but a certain grouping of humanity which we have called a society.” A society, he said, provides “common ground” for communities of people to engage in various pursuits. Civilizations were societies that had advanced to a certain level. In A Study of History, Toynbee set about to identify and examine societies of that kind. He found twenty-one different examples. (See the following table.) Of the twenty-one civilizations, eight still exist while thirteen have become extinct. Toynbee acknowledged that world history also includes societies which have not become civilizations. Some, such as the Irish or Nestorian Christian cultures, were “abortive” civilizations. Others, including the Polynesian and Eskimo cultures, were “arrested” civilizations. Numerous other societies were what Toynbee called “primitive societies.” In 1915, a team of anthropologists counted 650 different cultures of that type.
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Sebuah chauvinis Jerman, Hegel menulis bahwa "Sejarah Dunia perjalanan dari Timur ke Barat, untuk Eropa benar-benar akhir Sejarah, Asia awal." Dia membagi sejarah dunia ke zaman terkait dengan: (1) Asia, (2) Yunani, (3) Roma, dan (4) Jerman.
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If the historian does not believe in God or in the idea of a universal mind creating worldly institutions, then the mechanism to ensure that world history will follow a single course is missing. The idea of historical progress stands on shaky ground. All that the historian can do is report the histories of separate cultures that have come and gone in the past. “Vanity, vanity ... all is vanity ... What has happened will happen again, and what has been done will be done again, and there is nothing is nothing new under the sun,” said the worldly wise preacher in Ecclesiastes. Only fools believe that what they now see is being experienced for the very first time. If one studies history, one finds precedents in earlier society for nearly every idea or type of behavior that one observes today. On the other hand, the conditions of contemporary life do seem to be different than in the past. Which theory is correct? Does human society continually develop new and more sophisticated and complex kinds of institutions or does worldly experience repeat in predictable cycles?
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Sebuah chauvinis Jerman, Hegel menulis bahwa "Sejarah Dunia perjalanan dari Timur ke Barat, untuk Eropa benar-benar akhir Sejarah, Asia awal." Dia membagi sejarah dunia ke zaman terkait dengan: (1) Asia, (2) Yunani, (3) Roma, dan (4) Jerman.
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If the historian does not believe in God or in the idea of a universal mind creating worldly institutions, then the mechanism to ensure that world history will follow a single course is missing. The idea of historical progress stands on shaky ground. All that the historian can do is report the histories of separate cultures that have come and gone in the past. “Vanity, vanity ... all is vanity ... What has happened will happen again, and what has been done will be done again, and there is nothing is nothing new under the sun,” said the worldly wise preacher in Ecclesiastes. Only fools believe that what they now see is being experienced for the very first time. If one studies history, one finds precedents in earlier society for nearly every idea or type of behavior that one observes today. On the other hand, the conditions of contemporary life do seem to be different than in the past. Which theory is correct? Does human society continually develop new and more sophisticated and complex kinds of institutions or does worldly experience repeat in predictable cycles?