maux – -Translation – Keybot Dictionary

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	23 avril L'assuré Couillard commence à se plaindre de névralgie et de maux de tête;
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine csc.lexum.org as primary domain	April 23The insured Couillard began complaining of neuralgia and headaches;

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b)  l’infraction commise constitue des sévices graves à la personne, aux termes de l’alinéa b) de la définition de cette expression à l’article 752, et que la conduite antérieure du délinquant dans le domaine sexuel, y compris lors de la perpétration de l’infraction dont il a été déclaré coupable, démontre son incapacité à contrôler ses impulsions sexuelles et laisse prévoir que vraisemblablement il causera à l’avenir de ce fait des sévices ou autres maux à d’autres personnes.

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(b) that the offence for which the offender has been convicted is a serious personal injury offence described in paragraph (b) of the definition of that expression in section 752 and the offender, by his or her conduct in any sexual matter including that involved in the commission of the offence for which he or she has been convicted, has shown a failure to control his or her sexual impulses and a likelihood of causing injury, pain or other evil to other persons through failure in the future to control his or her sexual impulses.

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b)  l’infraction commise constitue un sévice grave à la personne, aux termes de l’alinéa b) de la définition de cette expression à l’article 752, et que la conduite antérieure du délinquant dans le domaine sexuel, y compris lors de la perpétration de l’infraction dont il a été déclaré coupable, démontre son incapacité à contrôler ses impulsions sexuelles et laisse prévoir que vraisemblablement il causera à l’avenir de ce fait des sévices ou autres maux à d’autres personnes,

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(b) that the offence for which the offender has been convicted is a serious personal injury offence described in paragraph (b) of the definition of that expression in section 752 and the offender, by his conduct in any sexual matter including that involved in the commission of the offence for which he has been convicted, has shown a failure to control his sexual impulses and a likelihood of his causing injury, pain or other evil to other persons through failure in the future to control his sexual impulses,

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31 Finalement, je ferais remarquer que l'exclusion de la preuve en l'espèce ternirait l'image de l'administration de la justice bien plus que son utilisation. La culture d'un stupéfiant est une infraction grave qui engendre souvent d'autres maux sociaux.

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24               Finally, I would note that the exclusion of the evidence in this case would tarnish the image of the administration of justice to a much greater extent than would its admission.  The cultivation of a narcotic is a serious offence, often leading to other social evils.  The evidence obtained in violation of s. 8 is necessary to substantiate the charges against the appellants: simply put, if the evidence is excluded, the perpetrators of a very serious crime will go unpunished.  As a result, I would hold that the evidence obtained by the Charter violation in this case must not be excluded pursuant to s. 24(2).  To hold otherwise would certainly lessen the esteem in which the public holds the administration of justice.

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En attribuant aux cours d'appel le pouvoir d'inscrire le verdict qu'aurait dû rendre le tribunal de première instance, le législateur a‑t‑il voulu s'attaquer aux deux maux mentionnés dans l'historique que j'ai fait plus haut, ces maux étant d'abord l'anomalie d'avoir à ordonner la tenue d'un nouveau procès à la suite d'un examen de la décision rendue en première instance et, ensuite, l'injustice qu'il y a à laisser intact le verdict de culpabilité parce que la question de l'aliénation mentale, bien que la cour d'appel l'ait retenue, a été soulevée pour la première fois devant cette cour?

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By giving appeal courts the power to enter the verdict that the trial court should have entered, was Parliament addressing the two mischiefs I have identified in the historical review; first, the anomaly of having to order a new trial after reviewing the finding below, and second, the injustice of leaving untouched the verdict of guilty because the issue of insanity, though successful in the court of appeal, had been raised in that court for the first time?

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b) l'infraction commise constitue un sévice grave à la personne, aux termes de l'alinéa b) de la définition de cette expression à l'article 752, et que la conduite antérieure du délinquant dans le domaine sexuel, y compris lors de la perpétration de l'infraction dont il a été déclaré coupable, démontre son incapacité à contrôler ses impulsions sexuelles et laisse prévoir que vraisemblablement il causera à l'avenir de ce fait des sévices ou autres maux à d'autres personnes,

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(b) that the offence for which the offender has been convicted is a serious personal injury offence described in paragraph (b) of the definition of that expression in section 752 and the offender, by his conduct in any sexual matter including that involved in the commission of the offence for which he has been convicted, has shown a failure to control his sexual impulses and a likelihood of his causing injury, pain or other evil to other persons through failure in the future to control his sexual impulses,

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En attribuant aux cours d'appel le pouvoir d'inscrire le verdict qu'aurait dû rendre le tribunal de première instance, le législateur a‑t‑il voulu s'attaquer aux deux maux mentionnés dans l'historique que j'ai fait plus haut, ces maux étant d'abord l'anomalie d'avoir à ordonner la tenue d'un nouveau procès à la suite d'un examen de la décision rendue en première instance et, ensuite, l'injustice qu'il y a à laisser intact le verdict de culpabilité parce que la question de l'aliénation mentale, bien que la cour d'appel l'ait retenue, a été soulevée pour la première fois devant cette cour?

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By giving appeal courts the power to enter the verdict that the trial court should have entered, was Parliament addressing the two mischiefs I have identified in the historical review; first, the anomaly of having to order a new trial after reviewing the finding below, and second, the injustice of leaving untouched the verdict of guilty because the issue of insanity, though successful in the court of appeal, had been raised in that court for the first time?

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[traduction] Par conséquent, je suis convaincu hors de tout doute raisonnable, après examen de l’ensemble de la preuve produite dans le cadre de la présente demande, que les infractions sous‑jacentes pour lesquelles l’intimé a été condamné constituent des sévices graves à la personne visés à l’alinéa b) de la définition de cette expression à l’article 752 du Code criminel, et que la conduite de l’intimé depuis 1975 dans le domaine sexuel, y compris lors de la perpétration des infractions sous‑jacentes, démontre son incapacité de contrôler ses impulsions sexuelles et laisse prévoir que vraisemblablement il causera à l’avenir de ce fait des sévices ou autres maux à d’autres personnes.

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I am satisfied, therefore, beyond a reasonable doubt, upon a consideration of all of the evidence adduced upon this application, that the predicate offences for which the respondent has been convicted are serious personal injury offences as described in paragraph (b) of the definition of that expression in section 752 of the Criminal Code, and that the respondent by his conduct since the year 1975 in those sexual matters herein described, including the predicate offences, has shown a failure to control his sexual impulses, and that there is an existing likelihood of the respondent causing injury, pain or other evil to other persons through failure in the future to control his sexual impulses.

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En d’autres termes, l’incapacité totale ne signifie pas l’impossibilité physique absolue d’accomplir une tâche quelconque liée à son occupation; il y a plutôt incapacité totale dès que les maux de l’assuré sont tels que, par simple mesure de précaution et de prudence, il doit laisser de côté ses affaires ou son occupation pour assurer sa guérison; par conséquent, si l’état de l’assuré est tel que, par simple mesure de précaution et de prudence il doit cesser totalement de travailler pour assurer sa guérison ou prolonger sa vie, il souffre alors d’une incapacité totale au sens d’une police d’assurance maladie ou d’assurance contre les accidents.

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The test of total disability is satisfied when the circumstances are such that a reasonable man would recognize that he should not engage in certain activity even though he literally is not physically unable to do so. In other words, total disability does not mean absolute physical inability to transact any kind of business pertaining to one’s occupation, but rather that there is a total disability if the insured’s injuries are such that common care and prudence require him to desist from his business or occupation in order to effectuate a cure; hence, if the condition of the insured is such that in order to effect a cure or prolongation of life, common care and prudence will require that he cease all work, he is totally disabled within the meaning of health or accident insurance policies.

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L’évaluation de la gravité du mal causé doit être objective. Par définition, une évaluation subjective des maux envisagés examinerait l’affaire du point de vue de l’accusé qui tente d’éviter un mal, dont généralement il est la victime.

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The evaluation of the seriousness of the harms must be objective.  A subjective evaluation of the competing harms would, by definition, look at the matter from the perspective of the accused person who seeks to avoid harm, usually to himself.  The proper perspective, however, is an objective one, since evaluating the gravity of the act is a matter of community standards infused with constitutional considerations (such as, in this case, the s. 15(1) equality rights of the disabled).  We conclude that the proportionality requirement must be determined on a purely objective standard.

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[TRADUCTION] Choix entre deux maux. Cette sorte de nécessité découle du raisonnement et de la réflexion et oblige un [homme] à accomplir un acte qui, sans cette obligation, serait criminel. Cela se produit lorsqu’un homme a le choix entre deux maux qui se présentent à lui et choisit le moindre.

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Choice Between Two Evils. This species of necessity is the result of reason and reflection and obliges a man to do an act, which, without such obligation, would be criminal. This occurs, when a man has his choice of two evils set before him, and chooses the less pernicious one. He rejects the greater evil and chooses the less. As where a man is bound to arrest another for a capital offence, and being resisted, kills the offender, rather than permit him to escape.

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Leurs convictions religieuses ne les empêchaient pas de rechercher et de suivre des avis médicaux ni de prendre des médicaments, mais ils croyaient que l'intervention divine pouvait effectuer miraculeusement la guérison de maladies et de maux qui dépassent les possibilités de la science médicale contemporaine.

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The Tuttons, according to the evidence, which was unquestioned on this point, had a good reputation in their community for honesty and integrity and, as well, they were loving and responsible parents.  They were also deeply religious and they belonged to a religious sect which believes in faith healing.  Their religious convictions did not prevent them from seeking and acting on medical advice nor from taking medicines, but they believed that Divine intervention could miraculously effect cures for illnesses and ailments beyond the power of modern medical science.

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Le demandeur a commencé à souffrir de maux de tête violents au printemps 1969. Le médecin de son épouse était le Dr Szabo qui, comme le demandeur, est d’origine hongroise. Le demandeur est allé consulter le Dr Szabo qui l’a examiné, a diagnostiqué de l’hypertension et lui a prescrit des médicaments.

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The plaintiff began to have severe headaches in the spring of 1969. His wife’s doctor was Dr. Szabo who, like the plaintiff, was of Hungarian extraction. The plaintiff went to see Dr. Szabo who examined him and found he had high blood pressure and gave him certain pills to take. There was no improvement and Dr. Szabo suggested that the plaintiff go into hospital for a complete checkup. While there, it was discovered that he also had diabetes. After a stay in hospital he went back to work. However, his headaches persisted and on Dr. Szabo’s recommendation he went back into hospital in February, 1970. The plaintiff came under the care not only of Dr. Szabo, but also of a specialist, Dr. Orr, who had diagnosed the diabetes during the plaintiff’s previous stay in hospital. He

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163 du Code (le juge Sopinka traite cette question en profondeur dans ses motifs), on peut constater que la conjonction de la représentation et du contenu qui constitue l'obscénité est à la source de nombreux maux.

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Without launching into a lengthy debate on the reasons why Parliament may have enacted s. 163 of the Code (the reasons of Sopinka J. cover this point extensively), it can be seen that the combination of representation and content that constitutes obscenity leads to many ills.  Obscene materials (I will not for reasons explained later differentiate between obscenity and pornography) convey a distorted image of human sexuality, by making public and open elements of the human nature which are usually hidden behind a veil of modesty and privacy.  D. A. Downs, The New Politics of Pornography (1989), aptly describes how these materials do not reflect the richness of human sexuality, but rather turn it into pure animality, at p. 183:

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b) sa conduite depuis 1975, y compris la perpétration des infractions sous‑jacentes, démontrait son incapacité à contrôler ses impulsions sexuelles et laissait prévoir que vraisemblablement il causera à l’avenir de ce fait des sévices ou autres maux à d’autres membres de la société.

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11 Given all of his findings, Tobias J. indicated that, pursuant to s. 753 of the Criminal Code, he was satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt that: (a) Robert Currie had been convicted of “serious personal injury offences”; and (b) his conduct since 1975, including the commission of the predicate offences, demonstrated a failure to control his sexual impulses and presented an existing likelihood of causing injury, pain or other evil to other members of society.  He granted the Crown’s dangerous offender application.

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—Sa tâche consiste à plier des feuilles de métal dans une position accroupie. Il se plaint de maux aux genoux et, à compter du 11 janvier 1973, s’absente du travail durant une période prolongée pour cause de maladie.

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Appellant Yvon Robert was hired by respondent Bombardier on December 5, 1971. He had previously been employed by this company, from 1967 to May 19, 1971, but this earlier period of service has no bearing on the case. His duties consisted of folding metal sheets in a crouching position. He complained of pains in his knees and was absent from work from January 11, 1973, for an extended period as a result of illness. On February 5, 1975, the company terminated his employment. Yvon Robert had accumulated a little more than three years’ seniority. The company alleged that the twenty-four months of absence allowed by clause 13.06(d)(1) of the collective agreement had expired.

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En tant que «justification» ce moyen de défense résiduel peut se rattacher au concept du «choix entre deux maux» énoncé par Blackstone. Il permettrait de disculper des personnes dont la conduite aurait pu raisonnablement être considérée comme «nécessaire» pour éviter un mal plus grand que celui résultant de la violation de la loi.

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As a “justification” this residual defence can be related to Blackstone’s concept of a “choice of evils”. It would exculpate actors whose conduct could reasonably have been viewed as “necessary” in order to prevent a greater evil than that resulting from the violation of the law. As articulated, especially in some of the American cases, it involves a utilitarian balancing of the benefits of obeying the law as opposed to disobeying it, and when the balance is clearly in favour of disobeying, exculpates an actor who contravenes a criminal statute. This is the “greater good” formulation of the necessity defence: in some circumstances, it is alleged, the values of society, indeed of the crimi-

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33 Monsieur Weber était un employé d'Ontario Hydro. Aux prises avec des maux de dos, il a dû prendre un long congé autorisé. Son employeur lui a versé les prestations d'assurance‑maladie prévues par la convention collective.

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33               Mr. Weber was employed by Ontario Hydro.  As a result of back problems, he took an extended leave of absence.  Hydro paid him the sick benefits stipulated by the collective agreement.  As time passed, Hydro began to suspect that Mr. Weber was malingering.  It hired private investigators to investigate its concerns.  The investigators came on Mr. Weber's property.  Pretending they were someone else, they gained entry to his home.  As a result of the information it obtained, Hydro suspended Mr. Weber for abusing his sick leave benefits.

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a) il a été reconnu coupable d’une infraction constituant un «sévice grave à la personne»; b) son incapacité à contrôler ses impulsions sexuelles laisse prévoir que «vraisemblablement il causera [. . .] de ce fait des sévices ou autres maux à d’autres personnes» à l’avenir.

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3 The respondent was convicted of all charges on April 12, 1989 before Tobias J.   Prior to sentencing, the Attorney General for Ontario initiated dangerous offender proceedings pursuant to s. 753(b) of the Criminal Code, R.S.C., 1985, c. C-46.   Section 753(b) essentially provides that the Crown may apply to have an offender declared a “dangerous offender” and sentenced to an indefinite term of imprisonment if: (a)  he has been convicted of a “serious personal injury offence”; and (b) his failure to control his sexual impulses reveals “a likelihood of his causing injury, pain or other evil to other persons” in the future.  A “serious personal injury offence” is defined in s. 752 of the Criminal Code to include all forms of sexual assault.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Je crois que ses maux de tête l’inquiétaient beaucoup à ce moment-là et j’ai l’impression qu’il désirait qu’on fasse quelque chose pour tout améliorer, pas seulement le rétrécissement ou le problème cérébro-vasculaire.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine csc.lexum.org as primary domain	A. I believe he said he wanted to have something done. I think he was very concerned about his headaches at that time and I feel that he wanted something done to try to improve everything, not just this narrowing or stroke problem. He said, “Go ahead and make the arrangements”.

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27 Les faits de l’espèce nécessitent une analyse approfondie des types de préjudices qui, pris objectivement, suffisent pour justifier une condamnation relativement à la tenue d’une maison de débauche pour la pratique d’actes d’indécence. Cette analyse doit s’appuyer sur le but dans lequel l’infraction a été créée. Plus précisément, quels maux a‑t‑on voulu enrayer en ciblant les comportements indécents?

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27 The facts of this case require the further exploration of what types of harm, viewed objectively,  suffice to found a conviction for keeping a bawdy-house for the purposes of acts of indecency.  This exploration must be based on the purposes that the offence serves.  More precisely, what harms are sought to be curtailed by targeting  indecent conduct?

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Puis sous la rubrique [TRADUCTION] «Choix entre deux maux», il écrit:
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine csc.lexum.org as primary domain	Then under the rubric “Choice Between Two Evils” he writes:

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Q. La conversation est allée plus loin que cela, n’est-ce pas? Le Dr Hughes vous a dit que vous pouviez tomber, que vous pouviez mourir, ou avoir des maux de tête?
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine csc.lexum.org as primary domain	Q. It went further than that, didn’t it. Dr. Hughes told you you might fall down, that you might pass out, or have a headache?

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Q. Lui avez-vous dit que ses maux de tête étaient reliés au bruit?
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine csc.lexum.org as primary domain	Q. Did you indicate that his headaches were causally connected at all to the bruit?

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	[TRADUCTION] Il est clair d’après la preuve que la source de tous les maux des propriétaires réside dans le plan défectueux des architectes et l’exécution technique médiocre de l’entrepreneur.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine csc.lexum.org as primary domain	It is clear from the evidence that the source of all the Owners’ trouble was faulty design by the architects and poor workmanship by the contractor.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	R. Honnêtement, j’ai simplement pensé que le sang qui s’acheminait vers mon cerveau causait les maux de tête et les étourdissements et tout le reste.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine csc.lexum.org as primary domain	A. Honestly, I thought only that the blood I am getting in my brain caused my headache and the dizziness, and everything else.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	g)l'enfant qui risque vraisemblablement de subir les maux affectifs décrits à l'alinéa f), si son père ou sa mère ou la personne qui en est responsable ne fournit pas des services ou un traitement afin de prévenir ces maux, refuse ou n'est pas en mesure de donner son consentement à ce traitement ou ces services, ou n'est pas disponible pour ce faire;
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine csc.lexum.org as primary domain	(g)there is a substantial risk that the child will suffer emotional harm of the kind described in clause (f), and the child's parent or the person having charge of the child does not provide, or refuses or is unavailable or unable to consent to, services or treatment to prevent the harm;

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Cela fait, l’objet de l’examen change, et la question consiste alors à se demander si le délinquant causera «vraisemblablement [. . .] à l’avenir», du fait de «son incapacité à contrôler ses impulsions sexuelles», «des sévices ou autres maux à d’autres personnes».

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In short, there are two thresholds that the Crown must surpass in order for the dangerous offender  application to be successful.  The Crown must first establish that the offender has been convicted of a “serious personal injury offence”.  Then the focus of the inquiry shifts.  The question then becomes whether there is a “likelihood” that the offender will cause “injury, pain or other evil to other persons through [his] failure in the future to control his sexual impulses”.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	L'infraction dont est accusé l'appelant est la source de nombreux maux pour la société. Les stupéfiants constituent un élément de preuve essentiel pour justifier l'accusation. [. . .]  À mon sens, la décision d'écarter les éléments de preuve, eu égard aux circonstances, aurait pour effet de déconsidérer le système judiciaire.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine csc.lexum.org as primary domain	The offence with which the appellant was charged constitute serious social evils.  The narcotics are an essential piece of evidence to substantiate the charge. . . .  In my view, the decision to exclude the evidence in light of all the circumstances would do violence to the repute of the justice system.

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Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	f)l'enfant qui a subi des maux affectifs qui se traduisent par, selon le cas :
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine csc.lexum.org as primary domain	(f)the child has suffered emotional harm, demonstrated by severe,