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  Kemijski inštitut: Biop...  
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V tehnološkem laboratoriju L-05 smo razvili postopek za pridobivanje bioplina iz odpadne gošče Pivovarne Union. Z uporabo ASBR procesa smo prilagodili obdelavo gošče direktno na izpust odpadne gošče in hkrati uspeli doseči štirikrat višjo organsko obremenitev, kot je to običajno pri klasičnih anaerobnih procesih za pivovarniške vode.
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In the research group L-05 we have developed a process to produce biogas from brewery wastewater and slurry. We used specially desigend ASBR process to adopt the treatment completely to the brewery wastewater discharge. We also managed to operate the process with 4 times higher organic load as it is usual in conventional treatment processes for brewery wastewater. By using this technology, up to 15-20 % of brewery natural gas requirements can be replaced with renewable biogas.
  Kemijski inštitut: Bate...  
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Hitrost shranjevanja in izrabe naboja v trdninah (uporaba: akumulatorji, superkondenzatorji) običajno skušamo povečati tako, da pripravimo čim manjše aktivne delce – s tem povečamo hitrost elektrokemijske reakcije (zaradi večje površine), hkrati pa skrajšamo razdaljo, na kateri poteka elektrokemijska difuzija v trdnem.
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The rate of charge storage and charge consumption in solids (application: rechargeable batteries, supercapacitors) is usually increased by preparation of as-small-as-possible active particles. This increases the rate of electrochemical reaction (due to increased surface area) and, at the same time, shortens the solid-state diffusion distance for active species. Reducing the particle size, however, inevitably leads to difficulties in the electrochemical wiring of tiny storage particles, that is, in supplying each storage particle with electrons from the current collector and ions from the electrolyte. We have prepared a new type of composite material with improved kinetics that is not based on nanopowderization but on porous single crystals in which the walls of pores are decorated with a 1-5 nm thick carbon layer. Ionic wiring is provided by soaking the pores with electrolyte, while the electronic conduction proceeds via the thin carbon layer. Independent comparison of various types of materials based on LiFePO4 performed by Lawrence Berkely National Laboratories in 2005 showed that our materials had the best electrochemical performance, especially at high current densities.
  Kemijski inštitut: Dose...  
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Ionske tekočine so v zadnjem desetletju pritegnile interes javnosti zaradi svoje zanemarljivo majhne hlapnosti in možnosti prevajanja različnih ionskih zvrsti. V primeru Grätzlovih celic predstavljajo alternativo običajnim ionskim elektrolitom z vključenimi redoks I-/I3- pari.
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Ionic liquids attracted interest worldwide in the last few years mainly because of their negligible vapour pressure, low toxicity and ability to conduct various ions, which open their applications as electrolytes for various electrochemical devices (batteries and DSPEC cells). We succeeded to prepare an ionic liquid showing self-condensation properties, avoiding the leakage problems encountered with the ordinary ionic liquids. The condensation of the ionic liquid was achieved by making 1-methyl-3-[3-(trimethoxy-l4-silyl)propyl]imidazolium iodide, characterized by the trialkoxysilane groups enabling the sol-gel reactions, which led to the formation of positively charged silsesquixane condensation products having an open polyhedra structure (POSS) [B. Orel et al., Electrochem. Commun. 7, 692 (2005); V. Jovanovski et al., J. Phys. Chem. B 109, 14387 (2005); B. Orel et al., J. Nanosci. Nanotehnol. (in press)].
  Kemijski inštitut: Proj...  
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Molekularno bistvo življenskih procesov je zaporedje nizkoenergijskih dogodkov, pri katerih je začetna stopnja medsebojno prepoznavanje biomolekul. Za prepoznavanje je poleg strukture biomolekul pomemben učinek okolice. Najbolj običajna okolica pri biološki prepoznavi je voda. Prav tako pomembna pa je tudi lipidna okolica v membranskih procesih.
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Life processes are based on cascades of low energy events in which the initial phase is molecular recognition. Molecular recognition is determined by the three-dimensional structure of biomolecules and solvent effects. The most commonly encountered solvent in biomolecular recognition is water; however, lipid environment in membranes is equally important. The low energy level of biological processes is a consequence of non-covalent interactions between biomolecules. These interactions are essential for molecular recognition in three-dimensional molecular organization in which there are no changes in covalent bonding, and in biochemical reactions in which covalent bonding is changed. To understand the structural organization and function of biomolecular systems, it is therefore crucial to determine, as precisely as possible, the nature and energetics of non-covalent inter and intra-molecular interactions of biomolecules. These interactions are: hydrogen bonding, electrostatics, solvation, hydrophobicity, van der Waals forces, etc. One of the numerous recognition processes in living organisms, which excel in importance and complexity, is the protein-folding problem. Protein folding is a process in which a molecule is transformed from denatured state to its biologically active native conformation. The information needed to build the native three-dimensional structure of a one-domain protein is encoded in the sequence of amino-acid residues. The essence of the protein-folding problem is the unraveling of this code.