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Keybot 55 Résultats  www.llgc.org.uk  Page 9
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Mae Delwyn Tibbott yn ein tywys yn ôl i gyfnod yr Ail Ryfel Byd, pan oedd ei Dad yn gweithio yn y Llyfrgell ac yn gofalu am y twnel llawn trysorau!
Delwyn Tibbott takes us back to the era of the Second War War when his father worked at the Library guarding the underground tunnel full of treasures! (In Welsh)
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Bu'r cyfnod wedi'r Ail Ryfel Byd yn gyfnod o newid ar gyfandir Affrica. Wedi caniatáu annibyniaeth i India a Phakistan, hawliodd gwledydd ymerodraethau Prydain a Ffrainc eu hannibyniaeth.
Ghana became independent in 1957 with Kwame Nkrumah as prime minister, and was followed by a wave of other countries over the next fifteen years. The British Prime Minister, Harold Macmillan, touched on this new mood when he gave his
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Yn union ar ôl yr Ail Ryfel Byd prif bwnc trafod uwchgynadleddau rhyngwladol oedd yr Almaen a materion eraill yn ymwneud â'r rhyfel, ond erbyn y 1950au, y prif bwnc oedd arfau niwclear.
In the immediate aftermath of the war, the main purpose of the summit meetings was to discuss the shape of post-war Europe but, as time went on, nuclear weapons took their place at the top of the agenda.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Roedd Alun Lewis yn un o’r beirdd Saesneg mwyaf addawol ac adnabyddus yng nghyfnod yr Ail Ryfel Byd. Fe’i ganed ar 1 Gorffennaf 1915 yng Nghwmaman ger Aberdâr, yr hynaf o bedwar plentyn Thomas John Lewis, ysgolfeistr, a’i wraig Gwladys Elizabeth Evans, merch i weinidog.
Alun Lewis was one of the most promising and best known English language poets of the Second World War. He was born on July 1st 1915 in Cwmaman near Aberdare, the eldest of the four children of Thomas John Lewis, a schoolteacher, and his wife Gwladys Elizabeth Evans, a minister's daughter. Growing up as the son of a middle-class family in a depressed mining community, Alun developed a strong socialist conscience.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Ofnai'r taleithiau hyn fod gan Abraham Lincoln, yr arlywydd oedd newydd ei ethol, gynlluniau i ddiddymu'r fasnach gaethweision. O ganlyniad ymadawodd taleithiau'r Conffederasiwn â'r Undeb ac fe arweiniodd hyn at ryfel.
The American Civil War was fought between the northern Unionist states and the southern states of the Confederation. Human slavery was common in the 19th century, especially in the mainly agricultural Confederate states. These feared that the newly-elected President, Abraham Lincoln, had plans to abolish the slave industry. This led to secession and ultimately to war. The war involved 3 million soldiers and over 600,000 lives were lost.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Mae'r gweithiau cynharaf yn y casgliad yn canolbwyntio ar yr Ail Ryfel Byd, a'i frwydrau, ac ar ymdrechion y llywodraeth gartref i gynnal bywyd o ddydd i ddydd. Manteisia ar bob cyfle i wneud hwyl ar ben Hitler, Mussolini a'u cynghreiriaid hwythau.
The earliest items in the collection are mainly concerned with the conduct of the Second World War, battle gains and losses, and the state of the government at home. It also takes every possible opportunity to mock Hitler, Mussolini and their allies. Stalin, Roosevelt, Field Marshal Montgomery and Hideki Tojo are featured at length. The cartoons from this period allow us to follow the events of the war as they happened.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Ar ôl gwasanaethu fel Capten Corfflu Addysgol Brenhinol y Fyddin yn ystod yr Ail Ryfel Byd, bu’n gweithio fel tiwtor celf ym Mhrifysgol Bryste ac yn y Royal West of England Academy, Bryste.
During the 1950s his teaching skills led to his own BBC television series ‘Painting for housewives’ which ran for several years. He also appeared regularly on BBC radio arts programmes and interviewed artists for the BBC Radio archives.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Stalag IVB oedd un o’r gwersylloedd carcharorion mwyaf yn yr Almaen yn ystod yr Ail Ryfel Byd. Gallai ddal 16,000 o garcharorion. Lleolwyd y gwersyll ger tref Mühlberg, rhwng Berlin a Dresden. Bu milwyr o 33 cenedl wahanol trwy’r gwersyll.
Stalag IVB was one of the largest prisoner camps in Germany during the Second World War. It could hold 16,000 prisoners. The camp was located near the town of Mühlberg, between Berlin and Dresden. Soldiers from 33 different nations passed through Stalag IVB.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
, sef portread o rhyw gant o feirdd Cymreig mwyaf blaenllaw'r cyfnod. Cadwyd hwn yn Sefydliad Brenhinol De Cymru yn Abertawe ond fe'i dinistriwyd pan fomiwyd y ddinas yn ystod yr ail ryfel byd.
('Gallery of poets'), a portrait of around a hundred of the most prominent poets of the time. This was kept at the Royal Institution of South Wales in Swansea but was destroyed when the city was bombed during the Second World War.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Cartŵn yn cyfeirio at ryfel propaganda rhwng y dwyrain â gorllewin ynglŷn â safonau byw.
Cartoon referring to the propaganda war over living standards between east and west.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Rydych chi yma: Adref > Drych Digidol > Llawysgrifau > Cyfnod Modern > Llythyron o Ryfel Cartref America
You are here: Home Page > Digital Mirror > Manuscripts > Modern Period > Letters from the American Civil War
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Yn gymdeithasol, yr oedd y cyfnod rhwng diwedd yr Ail Ryfel Byd a diwedd y 1960au yn un chwyldroadol ym Mhrydain. Yr oedd y pum mlynedd yn dilyn y rhyfel yn rhai llwm. Dognwyd bwyd, tanwydd, dillad a phob math o nwyddau bob dydd oherwydd prinder nwyddau a gweithwyr i'w cynhyrchu, a'r angen am dalu dyledion rhyfel y wlad.
The period between the end of the Second World War and the end of the 1960s was a time of social revolution in Britain. The period of austerity after the end of the war, in which food, clothing, fuel and all manner of household essentials were rationed because of scarce supply and payment of war debts, was drawing to an end in the early 1950s. Wages rose, and the working population found that they had money to buy all sorts of luxury goods, domestic appliances and even cars, and Illingworth reflects this new found wealth and positive attitude in his cartoons of the period.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
sylwadau ar y ddau Ryfel Byd
comments on both World Wars
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Disgyblion Aberystwyth i Lansio Arddangosfa am Ryfel Cartref Sbaen yn y Llyfrgell Genedlaethol
Aberystwyth Pupils to Launch Spanish Civil War Exhibiton at The National Library of Wales
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Disgyblion o Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Bryn Tawe, Abertawe ac Ysgol Dyffryn Ogwen, Bethesda yn cymryd rhan mewn gweithgareddau i gyd-fynd â thema’r Ail Ryfel Byd.
Pupils from Ysgol Gyfun Gymraeg Bryn Tawe, Swansea and Ysgol Dyffryn Ogwen, Bethesda will be taking part in activities to coincide with the Second World War theme.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Cartwnau yn dangos bywyd ar ôl yr Ail Ryfel Byd, diffyg bwyd a dogni. Menywod yn ciwio tu allan i siop, dathlu wedi diwedd dogni, trafferthion prynu dillad yn oes y llymder, a dicter fod prinder yn parhau.
Cartoons showing life after the end of the Second World War, food shortages and rationing. Women queue outside a shop, the celebrations at the end of rationing, the problems of buying clothes during the age of austerity, and anger at continuing shortages.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Y Ffiwsilwyr Cymreig yn recriwtio bedwar mis cyn i'r Ail Ryfel Byd ddechrau
Royal Welsh Fusiliers recruiting four months before the outbreak of war:
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Ymgyrch recriwtio am Ryfel Korea
Recruiting campaign for the Korean War
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Cartwnau yn dangos y newid mewn ffasiwn o "make do and mend" ar ôl yr Ail Ryfel Byd i wisg fwy diddorol, yn ogystal â phrisiau uchel oherwydd diffyg ffabrig.
Cartoons showing the change from 'make do and mend' after the Second World War, to more interesting styles, as well as the high prices of clothes due to shortages of materials
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Daeth cartwnau gwleidyddol yn fwy pwysig yn yr Ail Ryfel Byd fel ffordd o godi ysbryd y wlad, ac ar ôl y rhyfel daeth yn rhan angenrheidiol o bob papur newydd difrifol.
Political cartoons became more important during the Second World War, as a way to boost British morale, and in the post-war period, cartoons spread to almost all daily newspapers.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Pryderon am ryfel cartref yn India
Fears of civil war in India
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Yr Ail Ryfel Byd
Daily Mail
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Arwyddo cytundeb heddwch yr Ail Ryfel Byd rhwng Siapan ac America
A peace treaty between Japan and the USA is signed, ending the Second World War between those countries
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Cliciwch yma am fwy o gartwnau yn ymwneud â'r Ail Ryfel Byd
Click here for more cartoons of the Second World War
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Cyn yr Ail Ryfel Byd, yr oedd y rhan fwyaf o boblogaeth yr Undeb Sofietaidd yn dlawd, a lluniodd Stalin gyfres o gynlluniau pum mlynedd er mwyn moderneiddio'r wlad. Bwriad y cynlluniau hyn oedd moderneiddio diwydiant, yn hytrach na chodi safonau byw'r bobl.
In the pre-war Soviet Union, the population was poor, and although Stalin had initiated a series of five year plans to modernise the country, these had been predominantly focused on industry, rather than raising the standard of living of the population. During the 1950s, Khrushchev concentrated more on improving living standards, and claimed that the communist system could easily compete with living standards in the west.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Ar ôl gwasanaethu yn y llynges yn ystod yr Ail Ryfel Byd, etholwyd JFK yn aelod o'r Senedd ym 1953. Ymladdodd etholiad anodd yn erbyn Nixon am arlywyddiaeth America ym 1960, ac enillodd gyda mwyafrif bychan.
After serving in the navy during the Second World War, JFK was elected a senator in 1953. He fought a hard campaign against Nixon to win the US Presidency with a tiny majority in the 1960 election. His aim was to spread American idealism across the world, and he was a strong believer in civil rights at home. He faced Khrushchev during the Cuban Missile Crisis, and encouraged the space programme, but made a miscalculation by allowing Cuban exiles to try to overthrow Castro in a failed mission. He was assassinated at Dallas, Texas, in 1963. This cartoon refers to the failed Bay of Pigs mission, when Cuban exiles tried to overthrow Castro with the backing of Kennedy, and failed.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Caiff disgyblion ysgol uwchradd Penglais yn Aberystwyth a fu’n cynorthwyo i gynhyrchu llyfr testun ar Ryfel Cartref Sbaen, y cyfle i weld eu gwaith ar waith yn Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru ar Chwefror 20.
Pupils from Penglais comprehensive school in Aberystwyth who helped to design and produce an exhibition workbook about the Spanish Civil War, will have the opportunity to see their work being used at The National Library of Wales on February 20.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Roedd Alun Lewis yn fardd Eingl-Gymreig adnabyddus, a ystyriwyd gan lawer fel bardd Prydeinig gorau’r Ail Ryfel Byd. Mae Papurau Alun Lewis yn gasgliad o lawysgrifau a phapurau a gyflwynwyd i’r Llyfrgell Genedlaethol gan ei weddw.
Alun Lewis was a well known Anglo-Welsh poet, regarded by many as Britain’s finest Second World War poet. The Alun Lewis Papers are a collection of manuscripts and papers presented to the National Library by his widow. Manuscript 1 is a collection of papers relating to his first edition of poems Raiders' Dawn and other poems, published in 1942.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Llythyron o Ryfel Cartref America
Letters from the American Civil War
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
ym 1939, gan lunio cartwnau a gododd ysbryd Prydain yn ystod yr Ail Ryfel Byd. Sylwai'n bennaf ar arweinyddiaeth Churchill a buddugoliaethau milwrol y Cynghreiriaid. Yn y cyfnod ar ôl y rhyfel, canolbwyntiodd ar faterion cartref, ond gan gadw llygad barcud ar yr un pryd ar ddigwyddiadau tramor o bwys i Brydain.
in 1939, and drew cartoons that were to lift Britain's morale during the Second World War, commenting on Churchill's leadership and Allied military victories. After the war ended, Illingworth was able to concentrate more on domestic issues in his cartoons, but kept a keen eye on foreign affairs, especially when they related to Britain.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Ar ôl yr Ail Ryfel Byd, rhannwyd yr Almaen yn bedwar sector o dan awdurdod gwahanol aelodau'r gynghrair: Ffrainc, Prydain, yr Unol Daleithiau a'r Undeb Sofietaidd. Safai Berlin yn y sector Sofietaidd, ond rhannwyd y brifddinas hithau yn bedwar sector hefyd o dan awdurdod y gwahanol gynghreiriaid.
In the aftermath of the Second World War, Germany was split into four sectors, to be occupied by France, Britain, the USA and the Soviet Union. Berlin, although in the Soviet Sector, was itself similarly split. In June 1948, the Soviets cut off all land transportation links to the city, causing a shortage of food and goods. The West's answer to this was the Berlin Airlift, an operation to move goods and foodstuff to Berlin by air, thus bypassing the blockade. The operation continued until September 1949, four months after the Soviets had lifted the blockade, in order to replenish the city's reserves. The following cartoons date from the time when the airlift was underway.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Ymunodd Brezhnev â'r Blaid Gomiwnyddol ym 1929 a brwydrodd yn lluoedd yr Undeb Sofietaidd yn yr Ail Ryfel Byd. Daeth yn aelod o'r Politbiwro ym 1957 ac ar ôl diswyddo Khrushchev, fe ddaeth yn Brif Ysgrifennydd ac arweinydd yr Undeb Sofietaidd.
Brezhnev joined the Soviet Communist Party in 1929, and fought during the Second World War. In 1957, he became a member of the Politburo and took over as First Secretary after Khrushchev was ousted. He was responsible for signing the SALT treaties, reducing the number of nuclear weapons, and remained First Secretary until his death in 1982. This cartoon refers to the anti-Soviet protests in Czechoslovakia in 1968 and 1969.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Ar ôl cwblhau ei addysg yn y Coleg Celf Brenhinol, ymunodd â thaith i Swdan ac Irac (1936-1938) gyda’r Egypt Exploration Society, a bu’n gweithio yn Sesebi ac Amarch. Ar ôl dechrau’r Ail Ryfel Byd cafodd waith gan Adran Gartograffeg y Morlys yn Lloegr ac yna yng Nghymru yn y Llyfrgell Genedlaethol, Aberystwyth.
After the war, Bell was appointed Assistant Director of the Welsh Arts Council and in 1951 became Curator of the Glynn Vivian Art Gallery in Swansea. In 1952, he collaborated with his father on the translation of the works of Dafydd ap Gwilym, and he continued translating Welsh works, like his father, throughout his later life.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Yma ceir 7 rhifyn o ‘Cymro’ sef cylchgrawn a grëwyd gan garcharorion rhyfel Cymreig yn ystod yr Ail Ryfel Byd. Aelodau o’r ‘Cymric Club’ yng ngwersyll Stalag IVB ger Mühlberg yn yr Almaen oedd yn gyfrifol amdano, ac mae’r rhifynnau yn dyddio o’r cyfnod rhwng Gorffennaf 1943 a Rhagfyr 1944.
Here we have 7 issues of the magazine ‘Cymro’, created by Welsh prisoners of war during the Second World War. These prisoners were members of the ‘Cymric Club’ in the Stalag IVB camp near Mühlberg, Germany. The magazines were produced between July 1943 and December 1944. The manuscript also contains 2 issues of ‘20 Bees Buzz’, which was an English weekly magazine created by the prisoners of hut 20B in the same camp during January 1945.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Daeth Fidel Castro i rym yng Nghiwba ym 1959, ar ôl gwrthryfel i ddisodli'r unben Batista. Wedi ymgais gan ffoaduriaid o Giwba gyda chefnogaeth Americanaidd i'w ddisodli yntau yn ei dro yn 1960, trodd Castro at yr Undeb Sofietaidd am gymorth.
Fidel Castro came to power as the leader of Cuba, following the toppling of dictator Batista in the 1959 revolution. After the attempt by Cuban exiles with American backing to overthrow him at the Bay of Pigs, Castro, fearing another invasion attempt, turned to the Soviet Union for help. In return for this help, he agreed to Soviet nuclear missiles being located on the island. President Kennedy angrily demanded their withdrawal, and after six days, Khrushchev gave in and ordered their removal, bringing the world back from the brink of nuclear war.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Priododd Caitlin Macnamara yn 1937 a symudodd i Dalacharn, Sir Gaerfyrddin, pentref sydd â chysylltiad cryf â’i enw, ac a ddylanwadodd yn helaeth ar ei waith. Pan dorrodd yr Ail Ryfel Byd, treuliodd Thomas lawer o’i amser yn Llundain a dechreuodd ysgrifennu sgriptiau radio i’r BBC, a chymryd rhan mewn sgyrsiau a recordiadau ar y radio.
He married Caitlin Macnamara in 1937 and moved to Laugharne, Carmarthenshire, the village which is strongly linked with his name, and which was a profound influence on his writing. After the outbreak of the Second World War, Thomas spent much of his time in London and began to write radio scripts for the BBC, participating in broadcast talks and readings. From 1944 he worked intermittently on a radio ‘play for voices’ about a Welsh seaside village, and in its first form it was called
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Penodwyd ef yn Ganghellor ym 1933, gan gychwyn ar bolisi lebenstraum, sef ehangu ffiniau'r Almaen. Torrodd yr Ail Ryfel Byd allan o ganlyniad i'w ymosodiad ar Wlad Pwyl ym 1939, ac am y ddwy flynedd nesaf, llwyddodd ei fyddin feddiannu nifer o wledydd yng nghanoldir Ewrop.
Born in Austria, Hitler volunteered to join the German army during the First World War, during which he was highly decorated. After Germany's defeat, his right wing ideas became more appealing, and in 1921 he became leader of the NASDP, later nicknamed the Nazi party. Hitler became Chancellor in 1933, and led Germany to a policy of lebenstraum, or expansion. His invasion of Poland in 1939 led to the outbreak of the Second World War, and during the next two years his army was succesful in occupying many European countries. Hitler committed suicide just before the end of the war in 1945, when the allies were advancing towards Berlin.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Daeth yr Eidal yn wladwriaeth un blaid ym 1929, ac arwyddodd Mussolini gytundeb â Hitler ym 1936. Daeth yr Eidal i mewn i'r Ail Ryfel Byd ym mis Mehefin 1940, ond cwympodd Sicily i'r Cynghreiriaid ym mis Gorffennaf 1943.
Benito Mussolini was appointed Prime Minister of Italy by King Victor Emmanuel III after a series of riots which he had helped to organise. In 1929 Italy became a one-party state, and in 1936 Mussolini signed a pact with Hitler. Italy entered the Second World War in June 1940, but in July 1943 the Allies invaded Sicily and the following month the King dismissed Mussolini from office. He was arrested but later rescued by Hitler, and he set up a facist state in German-occupied northern Italy. As the Allies advanced through Italy, Mussolini attempted to flee to Switzerland, but was captured and shot by Italian partisans.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Nid am y ffotograffau hyn y cofir amdano, fodd bynnag, ond am y rheini a dynnwyd yn Llandeilo a’r ardal gyfagos. Mae’r ffotograffau yma yn cofnodi bywyd bob dydd mewn tref fechan a’r ardal wledig o’i chwmpas cyn yr Ail Ryfel Byd.
D C Harris’ studio portraits with their painted backdrops and props, give an interesting insight into the work of a high street photographer at this time. It is not for these photographs that he is remembered however, but for those taken in and around Llandeilo. These photographs record everyday life in a small town and its rural surroundings prior to the Second World War.
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Gadawodd Callaghan yr ysgol yn 14 oed, a gweithiodd fel swyddog treth yng Nghaerdydd, ac yna'n swyddog undeb. Ymunodd â'r llynges yn yr Ail Ryfel Byd, ac etholwyd ef yn Aelod Seneddol Llafur dros Dde Caerdydd ym 1945.
Callaghan left school at 14, and found employment as a tax officer, and then as a union official in Cardiff. He joined the Navy in the Second World War, and was elected Labour MP for Cardiff South in the Labour landslide victory of 1945. He stood for the party leadership in 1963 after the death of Hugh Gaitskell, but lost to Harold Wilson. Wilson however appointed him Chancellor of the exchequer when Labour won the election in 1964, but after the devaluation of the pound, he was moved to become Home Secretary. He also served as Foreign Secretary between 1974 and 1976 during Harold Wilson's second period as Prime Minister. After Wilson's retirement in 1976, he became Prime Minister, making him the only British politician to have held all four top posts in government. He resigned as Labour Party leader in 1980, after the defeat of the Labour Party in the 1979 general election, but served as an MP until 1987, when he became a life peer, and took up a seat in the House of Lords. These cartoons refer to James Callaghan's taxation and spending policies while he was Chancellor of the Exchequer.
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Hyfforddwyd Adenauer fel cyfreithiwr, a bu'n faer dinas Köln hyd 1933, pan ddiswyddwyd ef gan y Natsïaid. Carcharwyd ef ddwywaith yn ystod yr Ail Ryfel Byd, ond yn dilyn y rhyfel fe'i etholwyd yn Ganghellor Gorllewin yr Almaen ym 1949.
Adenauer was educated as a lawyer, and held the post of Mayor of Cologne until 1933, when he was removed by the Nazis. He was imprisoned twice during the Second World War for his anti-Nazi views, and in 1949 was elected as Chancellor of the new state of West Germany. He worked to raise the status of his country, joining the EEC and NATO. He was re-elected three times, in 1953, 1957, and 1961, and he retired in 1962. This cartoon refers to relations with East Germany.
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Defnyddiodd drais yn ddidrugaredd i sicrhau penarglwyddiaeth y blaid Gomiwnyddol a'i safle yntau. Ar gychwyn yr Ail Ryfel Byd, arwyddodd gytundeb â Hitler i rannu Gwlad Pwyl, ond ar ôl i Hitler ymosod ar yr Undeb Sofietaidd ym 1941 ymunodd â'r Cynghreiriaid.
Joseph Stalin was one of the most influential figures of the twentieth century. Born in Georgia, he joined the Bolsheviks, and after the death of Lenin in 1924 he became leader of the Soviet Union. At the outbreak of the Second World War he signed a pact with Hitler, dividing Poland between them, but after Hitler attacked the Soviet Union in 1941 Stalin joined the Allies. After the war, Eastern Europe was under his control until his death in 1953. This cartoon was published during the Berlin Airlift
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70 mlynedd ar ôl i Brydain fynd i ryfel â'r Almaen Naziaidd, mae Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru wedi dadorchuddio copïau arlein o'r Cymro, sef cylchgrawn â gynhyrchwyd gan garcharorion rhyfel Cymraeg yn ystod eu cyfnod yn gaeth yng ngwersyll rhyfel Stalag IVB yn ystod yr Ail Ryfel Byd.
70 years after Britain declared war on Nazi Germany, The National Library of Wales has unveiled online copies of the 'Cymro' (Welshman) magazine, created by Welsh prisoners of war in the wooden huts of the notorious POW camp Stalag IVB in Germany during the Second World War.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Maent yn gofnod amhrisiadwy o fywyd Cymru drwy lygad lens, gyda ffotograffau John Thomas yn darlunio bywyd Cymreig yn ystod diwedd y 19eg ganrif a ffotograffau Geoff Charles yn darlunio bywyd Cymreig yn ystod yr Ail Ryfel Byd a hanner olaf yr 20fed ganrif.
The inclusion of the John Thomas and Geoff Charles collections will provide access to two of the NLW’s most important photographic collections. Both collections offer an invaluable lens-eye record of Welsh life with John Thomas’ photographs offering a depiction of Welsh life during the late 19th century and Geoff Charles’ photographs of Welsh life during the Second World War and latter half of the 20th century. Both photographers' vocations, John Thomas as a travelling photographer and Geoff Charles as a photojournalist, have left us with images that encompass much of the Welsh nation, with Charles in particular a witness to some key historical events during the latter half of the 20th century. The NLW’s involvement in the project will also see a large set of Geoff Charles’ digitized photographs, from the 1960s and 1970s, placed on to the NLW’s online catalogue for the first time.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
70 mlynedd ar ôl i Brydain fynd i ryfel â'r Almaen Naziaidd, mae Llyfrgell Genedlaethol Cymru wedi dadorchuddio copïau arlein o'r Cymro, sef cylchgrawn â gynhyrchwyd gan garcharorion rhyfel Cymraeg yn ystod eu cyfnod yn gaeth yng ngwersyll rhyfel Stalag IVB yn ystod yr Ail Ryfel Byd.
70 years after Britain declared war on Nazi Germany, The National Library of Wales has unveiled online copies of the 'Cymro' (Welshman) magazine, created by Welsh prisoners of war in the wooden huts of the notorious POW camp Stalag IVB in Germany during the Second World War.
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Ail ymunodd â'r Ceidwadwyr, gan ennill sedd ddwy flynedd yn ddiweddarach. Ym 1940, penodwyd ef yn Brif Weinidog ar ôl ymddiswyddiad Neville Chamberlain, gan arwain Prydain yn ystod yr Ail Ryfel Byd. Collodd y Ceidwadwyr etholiad 1945 i Lafur, ond dychwelodd Churchill fel Prif Weinidog rhwng 1951 a 1955.
Winston Churchill served in the army until 1899, when he became a reporter. He was elected to Parliament as a Conservative in 1900 but in 1908 he defected to the Liberals. He held several jobs in the government until 1922, when he lost his seat, then, returning to the Conservatives, he was back in Parliament two years later. In 1940, he was appointed Prime Minister after Chamberlain's resignation, and he led Britain through the Second World War. He lost the election in 1945 to Labour, but then returned as Prime Minister between 1951 and 1955. This cartoon refers to the 1945 General Election
  Llyfrgell Genedlaethol ...  
Ail etholwyd ef dair gwaith. Ar ddechrau'r Ail Ryfel Byd, cynigodd gymorth i Brydain trwy system les-fenthyciad, cyn i'r Taleithiau ymuno yn y rhyfel ar ôl bomio Pearl Habor ym 1941. Bu farw ychydig wythnosau cyn i'r rhyfel dod i ben yn Ewrop ym 1945.
A fifth cousin of President Theodore Roosevelt, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, or FDR, was elected to the New York State Senate in 1910. He suffered from polio, but recovered and was elected as Governor of New York State in 1928. Roosevelt offered something different to the American electorate during the Great Depression, and was elected as President in 1932. He became famous for the New Deal, a programme that offered social security and help for industry during the hard times. He was re-elected 3 times and at the start of the Second World War, he offered aid to Britain under the Lend-Lease scheme, and joined the allies after the bombing of Pearl Harbor in 1941. He died in office, a few weeks before the end of the war in Europe, in 1945. This cartoon refers to the Democratic Convention in Chicago, where protesters persuaded Roosevelt to run for a third term in office.
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Mewn gwirionedd, mae’r rhestrau o rifau a llythrennau yn allwedd i ffurf glyfar o amgryptio, ffurf nas darganfuwyd hyd y 1990au. Mae'n ymddangos fod Johannes Trithemius wedi dyfeisio ffurf gyntefig o’r un system amgryptio a ddefnyddiwyd yn nes ymlaen i greu'r côd Enigma enwog yn ystod yr Ail Ryfel Byd.
The volume contains 114 pages, and is in a modern binding. At first glance, the text seems to be about astrology and obscure ‘magical’ ideas. It was claimed that, amongst other things, it contained a method of sending secret messages over great distances. It includes long essays about various spirits and angels, with rituals and tables of ‘magical’ formulae. However, it turns out that there is nothing ‘magical’ about them. The lists of numbers and letters are in fact the key to a clever form of encryption that was only discovered in the 1990s. It appears that Johannes Trithemius had invented a primitive form of the same system of encryption that was used later to create the famous Enigma code during WWII.
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Yn 1911, llwyddodd i gyflwyno Mesur Yswiriant Cenedlaethol, oedd yn cynnwys yswiriant iechyd a diweithdra. Pan dorrodd yr Ail Ryfel Byd yn 1914 roedd her fawr yn ei wynebu i sefydlogi sefyllfa ariannol y wlad.
He became President of the Board of Trade in 1905, when the Liberals came into power, and proved himself with his exceptional administrative and mediatory abilities. In April 1908, when H. H. Asquith became Prime Minister, Lloyd George succeeded him as Chancellor of the Exchequer. He introduced his controversial first budget in 1909, which was rejected by the Lords. In 1911, he successfully introduced a National Insurance Bill, which included both health and unemployment insurance. When the First World War broke out in 1914 he had the challenging task of stabilising the country’s finances. With the formation of the first Coalition Government in May 1915, he became Minister of Munitions, and on the death of Lord Kitchener in May 1916, he became his successor as Secretary for War.
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Gwefan newydd yn cyflwyno ffotograffau o Gymru a'r Gororau adeg yr Ail Ryfel Byd, 1939-1945, allan o gasgliad Geoff Charles, yn cynnwys:
A new website presenting photographs of Wales and the English border during the Second World War, 1939-1945, taken from the Geoff Charles collection, including:
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Cafodd y gyfrol dderbyniad da gan y cyhoedd a’r adolygwyr, a bu’n rhaid ei hail-argraffu 6 gwaith. Ysgrifennai’n bennaf amdano’i hun o fewn ffiniau cul y rhyfel, ac ef oedd un o’r ychydig o feirdd mawr a gofnododd eu profiad o’r Ail Ryfel Byd ar gân.
This manuscript is part of a collection of manuscripts and papers presented to the National Library by Alun Lewis' widow in June 1988. Books and other items were also received at the same time, as well as an engraving of him by John Petts that was used as a cover illustration to his first edition of poems, Raiders' Dawn and other poems in 1942. This was the only collection of poetry published in his lifetime, which established him as one of 'the finest poets of his generation'. The volume was well received by the public and critics alike, and was re-printed six times. He wrote mainly about himself within the narrow limits of the war, and became one of the very few great poets to record their experience of the Second World War in verse. Most of the poems are about the loneliness of military life, composed while he was a soldier in the training camps and whilst living among the civilians in the bombed cities, and speak with realistic awareness, of death, and of love in the shadow of death with the 'sensitive integrity of an English soldier'. They 'reveal a compassionate concern for the victims of oppression and tyranny: Welsh miners, private soldiers, women, and children.'
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Fe aeth yn gynyddol bryderus wrth i’r bygythiad o ryfel ddwysáu, a chyhoeddodd ei heddychiaeth mewn erthygl papur newydd, gan ysgrifennu at ffrind ‘The army, the bloody, silly, ridiculous, red-faced army … God save me from joining up.
He won scholarships to Cowbridge Grammar School, and Aberystwyth and Manchester universities, where he dabbled in left-wing politics, worked on the university magazine and published his first poems and stories in The Observer and Time and Tide in 1937 – these launched his literary career. Whilst working as a teacher he met Gweno Ellis, whom he married on 5th July 1941. He became increasingly concerned as the threat of war escalated, publicly announced his pacifism in a newspaper article, and wrote to a friend 'The army, the bloody, silly, ridiculous, red-faced army … God save me from joining up.' He however later wrote 'I shall probably join up … I've been unable to settle the moral issue satisfactorily … I have a deep sort of fatalist feeling that I'll go … But … I'm not going to kill. Be killed perhaps, instead.' (Selected Poetry, 18). He was suffering from serious depression at this time.
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Penodwyd ef yn Ddirprwy Brif Weinidog dan Winston Churchill ym 1942. Ar ôl yr Ail Ryfel Byd, enillodd Llafur yr etholiad cyffredinol ym 1945 a daeth Attlee yn Brif Weinidog. Y llywodraeth honno a osododd sylfaeni'r wladwriaeth les, a sefydlu'r Gwasanaeth Iechyd Gwladol.
Attlee trained as a barrister but developed an interest in social problems. He then became a lecturer in economics before fighting in the First World War. He became an MP in 1922, and held positions in the Labour governments of 1923-24 and 1929, becoming its leader in 1935. He was appointed Deputy Prime Minister in 1942, and after Labour won the general election in 1945, he became Prime Minister. His government expanded the Welfare State and set up the National Health Service, but experienced economic problems and lost the election in 1951. Attlee resigned as leader in 1955, and served as a member of the House of Lords until his death. This cartoon refers to the 1945 general election.
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