xixe – Übersetzung – Keybot-Wörterbuch

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Keybot 15 Ergebnisse  www.tocqueville.culture.fr
  Lieux / Le château de T...  
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Le château de Tocqueville, fin XIXe siècle, collection privée © AD Manche
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The chateau de Tocqueville, end of XIXe century © AD Manche
  Ouvre/'L'Ancien Régime ...  
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Libraire puis éditeur, Michel Lévy édita presque tous les auteurs importants de la seconde moitié du XIXe siècle : Dumas, Balzac, Hugo, Sand, Flaubert, Baudelaire, Stendhal etc.
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A bookseller turned publisher, Michel Lévy published nearly every important author of the second half of the 19th century, including Dumas, Balzac, Hugo, Sand, Flaubert, Baudelaire, Stendhal, etc
  Portraits / Ses amis : ...  
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Figure dominante de la société parisienne après la Révolution, ses salons eurent une grande renommée. Elle y recevait les noms les plus illustres du XIXe siècle et vécut une passion légendaire avec Chateaubriand.
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A leading figure in Parisian society after the Revolution, her salons were widely renowned. She received the most illustrious figures of the nineteenth century and had a legendarily passionate affair with Chateaubriand.
  Ouvre / Un écrivain sou...  
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« Nous sommes entourés des meilleurs livres qu'on ait publiés dans les principales langues de l'Europe. Je n'ai rien admis dans cette bibliothèque que d'excellent ; c'est assez vous dire qu'elle n'est pas très volumineuse et surtout que le XIXe siècle n'y tient pas une grande place. »
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« We are surrounded by the best books that have been published in the principal languages of Europe. I have only added the very best to this library; it goes without saying that this does not represent much, and the 19th century does not occupy much space. »
  Lieux / La vie de Châte...  
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Bien qu'il fut largement endommagé au XXe siècle par différentes tempêtes ainsi que par la Seconde Guerre mondiale, durant laquelle il devint notamment un emplacement de choix pour l'établissement d'un important état-major américain, le parc de Nacqueville a été réaménagé à l'identique de ce qu'il était au XIXe siècle et il constitue à l'évidence, aujourd'hui encore, l'un des plus somptueux jardins qui soient dans cette région de la France.
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Although it suffered a great deal of damage in the 20th century due to various storms as well as the Second World War - during which it became a favorite location for American army headquarters - the park at Nacqueville was restored to its 19th century glory, and even today it remains one of the most sumptuous gardens in this part of France.
  Engagements/Les personn...  
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Après avoir tardivement rencontré sa vocation religieuse, Lamennais est ordonné prêtre à Vannes en 1816. Progressivement gagné par des idées progressistes, il devient par la suite l'une des figures marquantes du catholicisme libéral du début du XIXe siècle français.
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After a late religious calling, Lamennais was ordained a priest at Vannes in 1816. He was slowly won over by progressive ideas, and later became one of the noteworthy figures of French liberal Catholicism in the early 19th century. Three significant dates mark his philosophical and religious turnaround: in 1817, he published his Essay sur l'indifférence en matière religieuse, a veritable manifesto for ultramontanism and Catholic intransigence which won him a great deal of notoriety. In 1830, he founded the journal L'Avenir [The Future], which advocated the foundation of a new society based on an alliance between the Church and the people. Finally, in 1834 he published his Paroles d'un croyant [Words of a Believer], which was very successful but brought about a break with the Papacy. His entry into political life began in 1848, as one of the people's representatives in the Constituent Assembly, where he took his seat among the Republicans of the left. The coup d'état on December 2, 1851 brought his political life to a close. He died destitute and alone on February 27, 1854 in Paris, after having considerably influenced his contemporaries.
  Engagements/Les personn...  
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Fils de guillotiné sous la Terreur et cousin d'Alexis de Tocqueville, Mathieu Molé a régulièrement occupé les plus hautes fonctions du pouvoir en France durant toute la première moitié du XIXe siècle : ministre de Napoléon, puis de Louis XVIII, il est pair de France à partir de 1815 et n'hésite pas, par peur de l'"anarchie républicaine" à se rallier à Louis-Philippe en 1830.
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Mathieu Molé, whose father was guillotined under the Terror, was Alexis de Tocqueville's cousin. For the entire first half of the 19th century,he moved in the very highest circles of power: a minister under Napoleon and then under Louis XVIII, he was made a Peer in 1815 and wasted no time - out of fear of "Republican anarchy" - rallying to the side of Louis-Philippe in 1830. When the first government of the July Monarchy was formed, he was given the post of Minister of Foreign Affairs. Louis-Philippe's liking for him, and his own passion for power, led to an unbroken stint as Council President between September 6, 1836 and March 31, 1839, until his cabinet fell victim to a opposition coalition led by François Guizot, Adolphe Thiers and Odilon Barrot. He continued to exert his influence, however, throughout the following decade, and on February 23, 1848, in the midst of the Revolution, he was offered a new ministry, created in order to quell the insurrection. Molé refused, and quit political life, faithful in this to his unwavering political line, as the leader of the "party of order". He died on November 23, 1855 at Champlâtreux.
  Engagements/Les personn...  
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C'est à cet effet qu'il fonde la revue La Phalange en 1836 et le quotidien La Démocratie pacifique en 1843, grâce auxquels son influence parmi les disciples de Fourier augmente considérablement : il devient ainsi l'un des principaux opposants à la Monarchie de Juillet. Auteur en 1847 des Principes du socialisme : manifeste de la démocratie au XIXe siècle, il accueille évidemment la Révolution de Février 1848 avec bienveillance.
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Victor Considérant began studying at the Ecole Polytechnique in 1826, and was very much influenced at the time by the theories of Charles Fourier, who advocated a new model of society based on the establishment of phalansteries. He became an enthusiastic disciple and even decided to abandon his military career to be able to spread Fourier's ideas. To this end, he founded the review La Phalange in 1836, and the daily newspaper La Démocratie pacifique in 1843, thanks to which his influence among Fourier's disciples grew considerably, and he thus became one of the principal opponents of the July Monarchy. In 1847 he published Principes du socialisme: manifeste de la démocratie au XIXe siècle, and welcomed the February 1848 Revolution with enthusiasm. Elected to the Constituent Assembly and then to the Legislative Assembly, he immediately rallied behind the Republic, even though he was greatly disappointed by the direction taken by the new regime. He tried in vain to organize a new popular uprising on June 13, 1849, the failure of which forced him into exile. He decided to go to the United States, where he attempted to found a real phalanstery. This was a failure, and he returned to France in 1869, where he took part in the Commune, and then retired from public life definitively. He died in Paris on December 27, 1893.
  Portraits / A. de Tocqu...  
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Il trouve sans doute beaucoup plus d'intérêt au Voyage en Italie et en Sicile, qu'il accomplit entre décembre 1826 et avril 1827 avec son frère Édouard pour marquer comme il se doit en ce début de XIXe siècle la fin de sa vie d'étudiant qui trouvera son prolongement logique dans une courte carrière de magistrat.
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In 1823, having received his baccalaureate, Alexis de Tocqueville returned to Paris to continue his studies. His father had been appointed prefect of the Somme, and had already left the city of Metz. What he would study was very much an open question. His cousin, Louis de Kergorlay, who entered the Ecole Polytechnique the following year, wanted him to follow a military career, but both his tutor and the fragile state of his health ruled this out. Thus, between 1823 and 1826, Alexis de Tocqueville studied law, studies that culminated, as was the custom, in the presentation of two theses, one in Latin and the other in French. Far from being excited by this course of study, the young Tocqueville showed little enthusiasm for learning legal theory, and was profoundly bored by the lectures at university. It should be pointed out that at the time, the study of law was restricted to studying Roman law and the descriptive commentary of the Civil Code and various legal procedures, but the subject itself did not seem attractive to him at all. He doubtless showed much more interest in the Voyage to Italy and Sicily which he made with his brother Edouard between December 1826 and April 1827. The trip marked, as was proper in the early 19th century, the end of his days as a student, which then led to a short career as a judge.
  Lieux / La vie de Châte...  
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Alexis de Tocqueville rapporte d'ailleurs dans sa correspondance l'attrait particulier que les touristes du Cotentin ont encore au XIXe siècle pour ce château qui est longtemps resté inhabité après ces événements.
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Tocqueville inherited it in 1777 and later passed it on to his son, the Tourlaville estate had already acquired a formidable reputation. It was part of the royal land holdings until François I sold it for budgetary reasons in the mid-16th century. In 1562, after passing through the hands of various owners, the property of Jean de Ravalet, the abbé of Hambye. Along with his brother Jacques, Ravalet began the construction of the current chateau, which was the scene of a tragic event in the early 17th century. It was in this chateau that the incestuous love affair took place between Julien de Ravalet and his sister Marguerite, which ended in both lovers being decapitated at Paris's Place de Grève on December 2, 1603. The story of this young pair, who were said to be miraculously beautiful, and whose tenderness towards each other had its roots in their earliest childhood, rapidly made Tourlaville a legendary spot. In his correspondence, Alexis de Tocqueville notes that the chateau - which remained uninhabited for many years after these events - still drew tourists coming to Cotentin in the early 19th century. When Alexis traveled to the chateau in 1833 for the first time, to discover the property that his brother Édouard (who had been promised the chateau de Tourlaville since his marriage) wanted to trade for the Tocqueville estate, his opinion was unequivocal: the surroundings pleased him greatly, but the chateau was completely uninhabitable.
  Ouvre / Un écrivain sou...  
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À considérer aujourd'hui la bibliothèque du château de Tocqueville telle que Alexis l'a laissée à ses héritiers, on ne peut manquer de constater qu'il n'a lui même que fort peu élargi la collection de livres de ses ancêtres, tant les ouvrages du XIXe siècle y font toujours exception.
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If we study the library at the chateau de Tocqueville in the state that Alexis left it to his heirs, we can see that he did very little to enlarge the book collections of his ancestors, so little do we find works from the 19th century. Through this library - and his education - Alexis de Tocqueville seems to have inherited a nearly exclusive taste for the great works of Antiquity, accounts of voyages, 17th and 18th century treatises on history and geography, the literature of the moralists of the Classical era, and for the works of the Enlightenment. He never - after having discovered them at the age of seventeen - abandoned his liking and admiration for Rousseau, and above all for Voltaire et Montesquieu. Although he never failed to add a fourth name, that of Buffon, to this list of those whom he considered to be the great minds of the 18th century, it is clear that he was most influenced by Montesquieu. A number of points of convergence between The Spirit of Laws and Democracy in America - in both method and material - have often been pointed out, and the two works in many ways seem to dialogue with each other across the century that separates them. Tocqueville did not deny such an influence, and even acknowledged, as he was about to begin The Old Regime and the Revolution, that for this new work he wanted model it on another work by Montesquieu that he admired: Considerations on the Causes of the Greatness of the Romans and Their Decline.
  L'ouvre / Tocqueville v...  
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Ce n'est que vers 1930 qu'il fut remis à l'honneur par certains intellectuels français et au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale qu'il fut véritablement redécouvert comme l'auteur d'une des pensées qui permettait de considérer avec le plus de pertinence les sociétés démocratiques modernes telles qu'elles s'étaient développées depuis le XIXe siècle jusqu'au XXe siècle.
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Although Alexis de Tocqueville had achieved real fame in his lifetime - not only in France but also in England and the United States - and although the Americans always recognized him as one of the first thinkers to consider their democracy, his name and works were swiftly forgotten in France for a long time. It was only in the 1930s that he regained favor with certain French intellectuals, and only in the aftermath of the Second World War that he was truly rediscovered as the author of ideas for very accurately examining the ways in which modern democratic societies developed through the 19th century and into the 20th. New readers of Tocqueville were struck by the modernity of his thought and his works. The effect of this was striking: by researching the origin of the vast revolutionary phenomenon of equalization of conditions through changes in social structures in The Old Regime and the Revolution, and by attempting to read the future of European democratic societies in the principles and customs of American democracy, Tocqueville gave his readers the impression of having described - a century before - the society in which they were living. It even seemed like he had pointed out the great risks that it would face, and which it confronted in the mid-20th century. These include totalitarianism, the systematic placing of all responsibility with the State, strengthened bureaucratic power, increasing individualism on the part of citizens, a security-based ideology, and even a form of disinterest in the state - to name but a few - and seemed to constantly tally with the intuitions and reasoning that Tocqueville had formed and developed through the discovery of democratic societies in their infancy. We should not forget, as it has too often been said, that far from contenting himself with a pessimistic and despairing vision of the future of democracies, Tocqueville had enough faith in human beings and the power of his reasoning to think that, if need be, mankind would be capable of defending its freedom and of perfecting the democratic regime. he hoped that education, by showering its gifts on as many people as possible, would give people the desire to be responsible and free, and that the recourse to associations would encourage each citizen to play a part in public affairs, as he himself had done his entire life.