zogeheten – Übersetzung – Keybot-Wörterbuch

  Licht op twintig jaar o...  

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Groningse wetenschappers hebben een verklaring gevonden voor een raadsel dat de natuurkundige gemeenschap al sinds 1995 bezighoudt. Op 28 augustus 2013 verklaren zij in een online publicatie van Nature waarom elektronen minder soepel dan verwacht door zeer kleine draadjes (zogeheten kwantum-punt-contacten) heen gaan.

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The mystery concerns nanowires that are about a hundred atoms wide. As early as 1988, FOM workgroup leader Bart van Wees discovered a remarkable effect in this kind of wire. When he made them wider, the flow did not increase gradually but in a stepwise manner. Van der Wal: "This could be explained by quantum effects that occurred in the wires. There is a formula that describes precisely how these steps occur".

  Controle over vorm lich...  

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Onderzoekers van de TU/e en FOM slaagden erin deze controle te krijgen door een quantum dot, een stukje halfgeleidermateriaal dat fotonen kan uitzenden, in te bouwen in een zogeheten fotonisch kristal.

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Researchers at TU/e and FOM have succeeded in getting the required degree of control by embedding a quantum dot – a piece of semiconductor material that can transmit photons – into a 'photonic crystal', thereby creating an optical cavity. Then the researchers applied a very short electrical pulse to the cavity, which influences how the quantum dot interacts with it, and how the photon is emitted. By varying the strength of this pulse, they were able to control the shape of the transmitted photons.

  ERC Advanced Grant voor...  

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Kuipers zal deze subsidie inzetten om de ultieme grenzen te verkennen van het beheersen van licht op de nanoschaal. Hij gaat dat doen door gebruik te maken van zogeheten optische singulariteiten. Ondanks het feit dat deze singulariteiten ook voorkomen in lichtvelden die we in het dagelijks leven kunnen waarnemen zijn ze oneindig klein.

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Kobus Kuipers will use his grant to explore the ultimate frontiers of optical control at the nanoscale by manipulating optical entities called optical singularities. While these entities already exist in light fields observed in daily life, their size puts regular nanophotonics to shame: they are infinitely small. By using photonic nanostructures to actively create, annihilate and/or move these singularities on ultrashort timescales, Kuipers will achieve unprecedented control over light: small changes will have large consequences. Kuipers will visualize the resulting light control with a new, innovative microscope.

  Ultrasnelle optische sc...  

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Het Nederlands-Franse team zette een controle-laserpuls in, die de eigenschappen van de microholte onmiddellijk  verandert (door gebruik te maken van het zogeheten elektronische Kerr-effect). Op deze manier profiteren ze van enorm snelle beweging van elektronen in halfgeleiders, die 'dansen op de maat van het laserlicht'.

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The Dutch-French team employed a control laser pulse, which instantaneously changes the properties of the microcavity (by using the so-called electronic Kerr effect). This allows them to take advantage of the extremely fast motion of electrons in a semiconductor which 'dance to the beat of the laser light'. This makes the switch extremely fast. The hurdle that the team overcame was to tune the colour of the control laser in such a way as to avoid the absorption of light. As a result, the properties of the cavity are only switched when both the signal and the control pulses are present.

  Controle over vorm lich...  

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Ze gebruiken de onnavolgbare natuurkunde van de kleinste deeltjes die er bestaan - de quantummechanica - om mee te rekenen. Waar de huidige computers bits gebruiken die 0 óf 1 kunnen zijn, rekenen quantumcomputers met zogeheten qubits, die bovendien 0 én 1 kunnen zijn.

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Quantum computers are the dream computers of the future. They use the unique physics of the smallest particles – those described by quantum mechanics – to perform calculations. While today's computers use bits that can be either 0 or 1, quantum computers perform calculations with 'qubits', which can be both 0 and 1 at the same time. That creates an unprecedented degree of extra computing power, which gives quantum computers much greater capabilities than today's computers.

  Boksen met tindruppels ...  

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"Daarbij maakt de laser een druppel vloeistof zó heet dat het materiaal uiteenvalt in losse elektronen en atoomkernen (ionen). Dit zogeheten plasma zendt EUV-licht uit dat bruikbaar is in de nieuwste nanolithografiemachines."

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The research in the group of Oscar Versolato at ARCNL is an example of fundamental physics inspired by an industrial application, in this case the newest generation of lithography systems from ASML. These use extreme ultraviolet (EUV) light with a very short wavelength to 'print' the tiniest structures on chips. 'A laser-produced plasma is a good source for EUV light',  says Versolato. "The laser achieves this by heating a drop of fluid to the point where the material disintegrates into independent electrons and atomic nuclei (ions). This so-called plasma emits EUV light that can be used in the latest nanolithography machines."

  Onderzoek Sander Tans t...  

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Hoe ze dit doen is veelal onbekend, en moeilijk te bepalen omdat deze structuurvorming snel gaat en eiwitten zeer klein zijn. De onderzoekers willen dit oplossen door naar een enkel eiwit te kijken als het geholpen wordt, wat recent mogelijk is geworden met een zogeheten ‘optisch pincet’.

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Tans' programme entitled 'DnaK chaperoning action at the single-molecule level' is about a class of proteins that helps other proteins to find and retain the correct structure. How they do that is often unknown and difficult to determine, as the structure is rapidly formed and proteins are very small. The researchers want to solve this by only observing a single protein as it is being helped, which has recently become possible using 'optical tweezers'. Initial test measurements have already revealed that these helper proteins realise a far more complex task than had been assumed up until now.

  Nobelprijs Natuurkunde ...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	De drie fysici onderzochten bijzondere faseovergangen, anders dan de klassieke faseovergangen van gas, naar vloeibaar en vast. Het gaat hier om zogeheten topologische faseovergangen, die een rol spelen bij bijzondere fenomenen als supergeleiding en superfluïditeit.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine nwo-i.nl as primary domain	The three physicists investigated unusual phase transitions, which differ from the traditional phase transitions from gas, to liquid and solid. These so-called topological phase transitions play a role in unusual phenomena such as superconductivity and superfluidity.

  Vooraankondiging aanvra...  

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Shell investeert circa 20 miljoen euro om 75 promotieplekken aan Nederlandse universiteiten te creëren. De bijdrage van NWO is ongeveer 21 miljoen euro, waarmee het totale programmabudget op 41-50 miljoen euro komt, afhankelijk van deelname van andere bedrijven en de zogeheten 'TKI toeslag'.

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The 'Computational Sciences for Energy Research' programme forms the centrepiece of a large public-private partnership between Shell, NWO and FOM. The launch of this partnership was celebrated at the start of February this year. Shell will invest approximately 20 million euros in cash to fund 75 PhD positions at Dutch universities. NWO's investment will amount to approximately 21 million euros, creating a total programme budget of 41-50 million euros, dependent on the participation of other companies and the so-called 'TKI-toeslag'. The majority of Shell's investment comprises the programme 'Computational Sciences for Energy Research'. The remainder of Shell's investment will be directed towards two other programmes, 'CO2-neutral fuels' and 'Uncertainty Reduction in Smart Energy Grids'.

  Directe reactie zware a...  

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Onderzoekers van FOM-instituut DIFFER hebben als eersten aangetoond dat zwaardere atomen in een materiaaloppervlak direct kunnen reageren met die in een omringend gas. Deze zogeheten Eley-Rideal-reactie is nog nooit eerder aangetoond voor zwaardere atomen dan waterstof.

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Researchers from FOM Institute DIFFER are the first to have demonstrated that heavier atoms in a material surface can react directly with a surrounding gas. The so-called Eley-Rideal reaction has never previously been demonstrated for atoms heavier than hydrogen. The Eley-Rideal process requires less energy than a reaction between two atoms that are both attached to the material. The discovery could lead to more efficient catalysts for the production of synthetic fuel, for example. The researchers publish the results on 29 July online in Physical Review Letters.

  Valorisation Grants uit...  

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Van de winnaars van de Valorisation Grants krijgen negentien van hen een zogeheten Fase-1 grant (haalbaarheidsstudie) en vijf een Fase-2 grant (valorisatiefase). De grant van 25.000 euro van Polman is er een uit de categorie Fase-1 en wordt gefinancierd door de Stichting FOM, partner van STW in haar Valorisation Grant-programma.

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Nineteen of the Valorisation Grant winners received a so-called Phase 1 grant (feasibility study) and five a Phase 2 grant (valorisation phase). The grant of 25.000 euros for Polman is for Phase 1 and is being financed by the FOM Foundation, Technology Foundation STW's partner for the Valorisation Grant programme. FOM workgroup leader Dr. Lieven Vandersypen (Phase 1), and the former FOM researchers Dr. A.I. Yanson (Phase 1) and Dr. Michel Versluis (Phase 2) have also acquired a Valorisation Grant. The 24 grants awarded amount to a total of 1.475.000 euros.

  Klassiek gedachte-exper...  

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Motoren op moleculaire schaal, zoals die welke verantwoordelijk zijn voor het spannen en ontspannen van je spieren, bewegen op een vreemde manier: ze ploegen zich voort ondanks - of dankzij - een aanhoudend bombardement van de willekeurige beweging van de moleculen in hun omgeving, de zogeheten Brownse beweging.

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Molecular motors, such as those responsible for tensing and relaxing your muscles, move in a strange manner: they propel themselves forwards despite - or thanks to - a continuous bombardment of the randomly moving molecules in their surroundings. This random movement is called Brownian motion and a well-constructed motor at the nanoscale actually makes use of this to generate a directed movement (and therefore work).

  AMOLF-onderzoekers make...  

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"Het werk aan de biologische gels kan ook leiden tot zogeheten slimme materialen, die zelfstandig van vorm kunnen veranderen", zegt Koenderink. "Biologische gels kunnen bijvoorbeeld worden ingezet om beschadigde weefsels of organen te repareren. Daarnaast zouden synthetische actieve gels gebruikt kunnen worden om robots te bouwen die zelf van vorm kunnen veranderen. Jose Alvarado, de AMOLF-promovendus die de eerste auteur is van het onderzoek, zal die laatste toepassing na de zomer gaan testen aan het Massachusetts Institute of Technology, in de onderzoeksgroep van prof.dr. Peko Hosoi."

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"The work on biological gels could also lead to new smart materials, which can autonomously change their shape," says Koenderink. "Biological gels could for example be used to repair damaged tissue or organs. Alternatively, synthetic active gels could be used to build robots that can change their shape autonomously. Jose Alvarado, the AMOLF PhD student who is the first author of this study, will test the latter application at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology after the summer, in Prof.dr. Peko Hosoi’s research group."

  Vijf ERC Consolidator G...  

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Florian Schrek doet onderzoek naar de quantummechanica van zogeheten veel-deeltjessystemen. Deze systemen tonen gedrag dat niet simpel kan worden teruggebracht tot de formules die het gedrag van de individuele deeltjes beschrijven.

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Florian Schrek does research into the quantum mechanics of so-called many-body systems. These systems exhibit behaviour that cannot simply be reduced to the formulas that describe the behaviour of the individual particles. Schreck has been awarded the Consolidator Grant, worth 1.8 million euros, for his research into quantum many-body systems. He will carry out the entire of his ERC project at the University of Amsterdam at the research focus area 'Quantum Matter and Quantum Information'. The professorship to which Schreck has been appointed could be established with support from the Sector Plan Physics and Chemistry that recently facilitated a re-profiling of research in these disciplines at a national level. Schrek is professor of Experimental Quantum Physics at the Faculty of Science of the University of Amsterdam.

  Afvlakking van capillai...  

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Het grensvlak van twee media die in een verschillende fase verkeren - bijvoorbeeld een vloeistof met een gas erboven is door willekeurige bewegingen van de moleculen als gevolg van de temperatuur constant in beweging. Het gevolg is dat spontaan microscopisch kleine fluctuaties, zogeheten capillaire golven, ontstaan.

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Researchers of the FOM Foundation, Utrecht University and the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris discovered this phenomenon for the first time with the aid of a specially built setting in a model system. This system consists of a mixture of colloids - dispersed particles - and polymers that provide the colloids to attract a little. This attraction sees to it that a similar mixture subdivides into a phase consisting of many colloids and few polymers (colloidal liquid) and a different phase consisting of many polymers and few colloids (colloidal gas). As the phase with many colloids is heavier, it falls to the bottom of the cell and a horizontal interface develops with the colloidal gas (see figure and also /live/nieuws/archief_persberichten/2004/artikel.pag?objectnumber=26543).

  Nieuw nanomateriaal ver...  

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In kleine bolletjes van een halfgeleidermateriaal laat het energieoverschot extra elektronen over de energiekloof springen. Deze nanobolletjes, de zogeheten quantum dots, hebben een diameter van slechts een tienduizendste van een mensenhaar.

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Several years ago the researchers from Delft University of Technology, as well as other physicists, demonstrated that the excess energy could still be put to good use. In small spheres of a semiconducting material the excess energy enables extra electrons to jump across the band gap. These nanospheres, the so-called quantum dots, have a diameter of just one ten thousandth of a human hair. If a light particle enables an electron in a quantum dot to cross the band gap, the electron moves around in the dot. That ensures that the electron collides with other electrons that subsequently jump across the band gap as well. As a result of this process a single photon can mobilise several electrons thereby multiplying the amount of current produced.

  Vreemd gedrag van super...  

Show textShow cached sourceOpen source URL	Supergeleiding is te verklaren door het gedrag van de elektronen in het materiaal. In een supergeleider zoeken sommige elektronen een maatje: de elektronen koppelen tot paren. Deze paren, zogeheten Cooperparen, kunnen zonder weerstand of energieverlies door het materiaal bewegen.
Compare text pagesCompare HTM pagesOpen source URLOpen target URLDefine nwo-i.nl as primary domain	Superconductivity can be explained by the behaviour of electrons within the material. In a superconductor, certain electrons seek a mate and combine into pairs. These pairs, so-called Cooper pairs, can move through the material without resistance or a loss of energy.