zones sèches – Englisch-Übersetzung – Keybot-Wörterbuch

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Les écopaysages à grande échelle comprenant le haut niveau froid et les terres hautes des forêts de montagne ont été inclus dans l'enquête. Au niveau des écopaysages à petite échelle, le haut niveau a été subdivisé en zones sèches, en pentes et en bas-fonds de vallées asséchées.
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The indigenous ecological knowledge of the Maasai pastoralists was employed together with ecological methods to assess the effects of grazing and cropping on rangeland biodiversity at macro- and micro-landscape levels in northern Tanzania. The joint surveys with pastoralists identified indicator plant species and their associations with micro-landscapes and livestock grazing suitability, while traditional calf-pasture reserves were evaluated for the preservation of rangeland biodiversity. The macro-landscapes comprising the cool high plateau and montane forest highland were included in the survey. At micro-landscape levels, the high plateau was classified into uplands, slopes and dry valley bottomlands. The micro-landscapes were assessed in terms of herbaceous plant species and woody species richness and risks of soil erosion. Biodiversity varied at both the macro- and micro-landscape levels and in accordance with the land use types. Greater plant species diversity and fewer erosion risks were found in the pastoral landscapes than in the agropastoral landscapes. The calf-grazing pastures had greater herbaceous species richness than the non-calf pastures, which in turn had more woody species. It was concluded that the indigenous systems of landscape classification provided a valuable basis for assessing rangeland biodiversity in East Africa. From authors' summary.
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Au point de contact entre les racines des souches colonisées et les racines des arbres du peuplement final, la transmission et l'infection par A. ostoyaes survenaient plus fréquemment dans les zones biogéoclimatiques humides que dans les zones sèches.
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The frequency of Armillaria species in precommercial thinning stumps and the interaction at root contacts between Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) crop trees and stumps colonized by Armillaria ostoyae (Romagn.) Herink were investigated at sites in four biogeoclimatic zones along a transect from the coast through the southern interior of British Columbia. The frequency of stumps colonized by A. ostoyae and Armillaria sinapina Berube & Dessureault varied among lower, mid, and upper slope transects. On coastal sites, A. sinapina dominated fresh hygrotopes and A. ostoyae dominated slightly dry hygrotopes, and the frequency of both fungi was low on moist hygrotopes. On interior sites, A. ostoyae was found over all hygrotopes, but with lower frequency on the driest sites. The distribution of the two Armillaria species on sites is apparently determined by anoxia associated with periodic soil saturation, by drying of the soil, and by host response limiting spread of pathogenic species. At root contacts between colonized stump roots and crop tree roots, transfer and infection by A. ostoyae occurred more frequently in moist biogeoclimatic zones than dry ones. Lesion size on crop tree roots was related to inoculum volume at some sites and to stump root diameter at others. The percentage of lesions on roots at which crop trees formed callus was associated with tree bole volume. The results indicate that there will be crop tree mortality following precommercial thinning, especially where inoculum levels are high in the Interior Cedar-Hemlock and Interior Douglas-fir biogeoclimatic zones.
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